Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Southern Chesapeake Bay Water Color And Circulation Analysis, Maynard M. Nichols, Hayden H. Gordon

Reports

Satellite imagery from two EREP passes over the Rappahannock Estuary of the Chesapeake region are analyzed to chart colored water types, to delineate color boundaries and define circulatory patterns.

Water Quality As An Approach To Managing Recreational Use And Development On A Mountain Watershed: South Fork Of The Ogden River-Ogden Valley Area, Bruce A. Johnson, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

The South Fork of the Ogden River, one of several heavily used mountain watersheds along Utah's Wasatch Front, was studied between February 1 and November 1, 1974, to determine the effects of recreation on water quality.

Although the greatest impacts on water quality occurred during spring runoff, it was found that recreational use had a definite effect on water quality. Bacteriological parameters were found to be the most sensitive indicators of contamination.

Differences between heavy weekend and light weekday recreational use were reflected by differences in bacteriological counts. Also, it appears that changes in bacterial water quality were more closely …

Water As A Factor In Energy Resources Development, A. Bruce Bishop, Melvin D. Chambers, William O. Mace, David W. Mills

Reports

Water, in many cases, is a key factor in the development of energy resources in the western states. The total water supply available in the arid west is fixed; yet potential water uses in the region are growing continually. In fact, in many areas quantities of water desired to be put to beneficial use has already surpassed the limit of local supplies as indicated by filings for water rights. The availability of water, in adequate quantities and of suitable quality, is one of the essentials to the economic viability of some economic sectors in the states in the Colorado River …

The Effects Of Artificial Destratification On The Water Quality And Microbial Populations Of Hyrum Reservoir, Douglas D. Drury, Donald B. Porcella, Robert A. Gearheart

Reports

Artificial destratification is being increasingly used in attempts to improve water quality and control eutrophication. Most of the artificial destratification efforts are being conducted by public water supply utilities in efforts to improve reservoir water quality for culinary purposes. At present, artificial destratification is being conducted without a complete understanding of the process or its effects on the reservoir. Whether or not artificial destratification can control algal growth and other microbial processes is a controversial question. The effect of artificial destratification on the microbial flora must be understood if it is to be used effectively as a management tool in …

Salinity And Temperature Monitoring System Data For The Lower Rappahannock River Estuary, 1972-1974, G. C. Parker, C. S. Fang

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) installed two remote monitoring stations in the lower reaches of the Rappahannock River to obtain continuous temperature and salinity measurements near the surface and the bottom. The first station was installed at the base of a concrete support of the Rappahannock River (Norris) Bridge, near the mouth of the, river (Figure 1). The second station was installed on the base of Navigation Aid Tower Number 9 just off of Smokey Point, roughly 11 nautical miles upstream from the Norris Bridge. Each station consisted of two salinity and t«~perature probes, one located 6 feet …

Yorktown Power Station Ecological Study, Phase Ii : Final Technical Report, R. A. Jordan, R. W. Virnstein, J. E. Illowsky, J. Colvocoresses

Reports

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Sewage Pollution Abatement On Environmental Quality In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, Joseph J. Simon, Wen H. Huang

Reports

Owing to the construction of a large municipal advanced (tertiary) waste water treatment (AWT) plant, a unique opportunity exists to study the side effects of removal of a major point source of pollution on the estuarine environment of Hillsborough Bay. The data is still in more or less raw form, with little analyses or interpretation attempted to date.

A Surface Circulation Study In Middle Elizabeth River, Ching Seng Fang, Christopher S . Welch, Hayden H. Gordon

Reports

A new oil refinery has been proposed to be located in Portsmouth, Virginia south of the Hampton Roads area. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science was asked by NUS Corporation to conduct a surface circulation study to assemble the characteristics of the flow near Lambert Point on the Elizabeth River (Figure 3.1).

This report includes a review of the previous work in the area, a description of the particular experiments performed, and an interpretation of the data in terms of surface circulation. Several small oil slicks were incidentally observed during the experiments and their behavior has been discussed in relation …

Studies For A Proposed Nansemond River Sewage Treatment Plant, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

• Vol. 1: Summary and conclusion/ C.S Fang and Bruce Neilson.
• Vol. 2: An analysis of currents and circulation in Hampton Roads, Virginia / Bruce Neilson and Mark Boulé; Description of non-tidal flows / Maynard Nichols.
• Vol. 3: Water quality monitoring of Hampton Roads and the Nansemond River, Summer 1974 / Bruce Neilson ... [et al.]
• Vol. 4. : A survey of commercial shellfish in the vicinity of Newport News Point and Pig Point in the lower James River / Dexter Haven and Paul Kendall
• Vol. 5: A model for predicting the pollutant distribution from an outfall in a tidal estuary …

Water Quality 1973 - 1974 Hillsborough County, Florida, T. Cardinale, C. Dunn, R. Powell, A. Shaw, R. Wilkins

Reports

The Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Act charges the Environmental Protection Commission with the function of establishing, operating and maintaining a continuous program for monitoring water pollution. A county-wide water quality surveillance network has been designed to provide accurate data and information as to whether the requirements of the Act are being complied with and whether the level of water pollution is increasing or decreasing throughout the county.

Comparison of this 1973 and 1974 data with similar sampling during 1972 permitted evaluation of trends, effectiveness of local control programs, relative contributions from individual sources, general effectiveness of the monitoring network, as …

A Technique For Predicting The Aquatic Ecosystem Response To Weather Modification, Eugene K. Israelsen, David R. Bernard, Thomas M. Twedt, Henry M. Runke

Reports

In the past, considerable effort has been spent on the development of techniques for increasing precipitation from a given cloud formation. However, little attention has been given to identifying and evaluating the impacts of cloud seeing activities on the aquatic ecosystems within the affected areas. The objective of this study was to apply the simulation technique to predict the impacts of cloud seeing on the aquatic ecosystem within the area subject to weather modification. A small mountain watershed near Logan, Utah, was selected for the study. Measurements were made of the significant parameter levels under current conditions. A hydrologic and …

Regional Development: An Econometric Study Of The Role Of Water Development In Effectuating Population And Income Changes, Herbert H. Fullerton, Chris W. Lewis, Jay C. Andersen, John E. Keith, Reed Willis

Reports

Twelve measures of regional economic growth, including populations and three measures of income were compared for areas with and without water investment in 246 counties and 42 water resources subareas in the states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada. Simple mean omparisons for these measures compiled for the decades of 1940-1950, 1950-1960, and 1960-1970 failed to support the hypothesis that economic growth of those counties and subareas receiving water investment was significantly highter than in those areas which did not, with the possible exception of the 1940-1950 decade. This result is obciously tempered by the fact …

Process Studies And Modeling Of Self-Cleaning Capacity Of Mountain Creeks For Recreation Planning And Management, Cheng-Lung Chen, Keith D. Davis

Reports

Reaeration process studies were conducted on a mountain creek and a large laboratory flume. The method of evaluating the dispersion coefficient, mean velocity, and reaeration coefficient for both creek and flume consisted of finding these values for a deoxygenated portion of the flow containing a conservative tracer (dye). The deoxygenated slug is measured as it moved downstream and the three values are best fit in the analytical solution of the longitudinal dispersion equation which dynamically describes the flow of the dispersing slug in the stream. The best fit was accomplished by using the method of least squares of the differences …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 1: Computer Analysis Of Runoff From Urban Highway Watersheds Under Time- And Space-Varying Rainstorms, Chen-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The most comprehensive mathematical model based on the method of characteristics was developed for computing the runoff inlet hydrograph. All flood routing methods were extensively reviewed and the most efficient and accurate technique was adopted for the formulation of a numerical (computer) model including all the rainfall-runoff processes on a highway watershed. Accuracy of the computer model was then examined by comparing …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 4; Synthetic Storms For Design Of Urban Highway Drainage Facilities., Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Knowledge of the time distribution of rainfall in heavy storms constitutes a basis for the design of an urban storm sewer system. A unified time-coordinate system and the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relationships are used to develop the generalized synthetic (design) hyetograph equations for all types of storms. The hyetograph equations are further normalized for identifying the dimensionless parameters that play predominant roles in …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study, Volume 5, Soil-Cover-Moisture Complex: Analysis Of Parametric Infiltration Models For Highway Sideslopes, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrographs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. The boundary-value problem of one-dimensional infiltration resulting from rainfall is formulated and solved numerically on a digital computer. The numerical solutions of this idealized mathematical model is used as a basic testing tool in the subsequent analysis of various parametric infiltration models including the Green-Ampt, Kostiakov, Philip, Horton, and Holtan equations. The time of ponding is shown to be the most important …

Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds And Algal Growth In A Eutrophic Lake, V. Dean Adams, Russell R. Renk, Peter A. Cowan, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

No abstract provided.

Watershed Management On Range And Forest Lands Proceedings Of The Fifth Workshop Of The United States/Australia Rangelands Panel, R. J. Mcconnen, B. S. Sadler, Colin L. Pierrehumbert, Kenneth G. Renard, Donald L. Brakensiek, Alden R. Hibbert, T. Talsma, C. W. Rose, Ronald E. Sosebee, Richard Meeuwig, Paul Packer, Walter C. Boughton, J. Paul Riley, Richard H. Hawkins

Reports

Preface: The U.S.-Australia Cooperative Rangeland Science Program In October 1968 the governments of the United States and Australia entered into an agreement for the purpose of facilitating close cooperative activities between the scientific communities of the two countries. The joint communique issued at that time designated the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Science as the coordinating agencies. Both countries were to encourage binational teamwork in research, interchanges of scientists, joint seminars, and exchanges of information. A United States-Australia Rangeland Panel was established in December 1969 to further cooperation between the two countries in …

An Application Of The Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model To The Entiat Experimental Watershed, Washington State, David S. Bowles, J. Paul Riley, George B. Shih

Reports

To study the effects of a forest fire on runoff characteristics, the Utah State University Watershed Simulation Model (USUWSM) has been applied to three small drainage areas in the Entiat Experimental Watershed which is located within the Wenatchee National Forest of central Washington. Each component of the USUWSM has been described in the report, including structural changes to the model that were necessary to achieve reasonable agreement between observed and simulated runoff hydrographs. Lack of information on the spatial distribution and precipitation due to the absence of an adequate precipitation gaging network on or close to the study area was …

Colorado River Regional Assessment Study Part Three: Area-Specific Water Quality Analysis And Environmental Assessment, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

The Colorado River Bain contains the most diverse environment setting of any American river. High mountainous elevations (>14,000 feet) are ultimately succeeded by sea level plains and low valleys. Geological structures and formations include deep, intricately carved river canyons, high mountain slopes, large saline shale structures, and long verdant irrigated river valleys. Fir forests are succeeded by arid rangelands. The river produces the lowest outflow per unit area (60 acre feet per square mile) of any river basin in the United States. It contains the largest number of unique and endangered species in the United States. Finally, it is …

Colorado River Regional Assessment Study Part One: Executive Summary, Basin Profile, And Report Digest, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Economic Value Of Water-Oriented Recreation Quality, E. Boyd Wennergren, Herbert H. Fullerton, John E. Keith, Robin Meale

Reports

No abstract provided.

A Field Technique Measuring Virus Decay And Potential Aerosol Hazard From Wastewater Sprinkler Irrigation, Michael F. Torpy, Robert A. Gearheart, J. Clifton Spendlove, Rex S. Spendlove

Reports

The increased use of domestic wastewater for irrigation purposes has stimulated a growing practice of sprinkler irrigating from oxidation ponds and other domestic wastewaters. Aerosols generated from these sprinkler irrigation systems may contain potentially hazardous pathogens. Subsequently, the aerosols can contain infective viruses which can be carried through the air to surrounding populations. Thus, a public health hazard can be created by sprinkler irrigating domestic wastewater. This study is an investigation of a means by which the virus decay rate of viruses in aerosols and the potentials hazard of sprinkler irrigation aerosol clouds may be examined. A means of injection …

Development Of A Dynamic Programming Model For The Regionalization And Staging Of Wastewater Treatment Plants, Stanley L. Klemetson, William J. Grenney

Reports

No abstract provided.

Colorado River Regional Assessment Study Part Four: Bibliography And Appendices, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.

Optimization Of Water Allocation, Wastewater Treatment, And Reuse Considering Nonlinear Costs, Seasonal Variations, And Stochastic Supplies, A. Bruce Bishop, Rangesan Narayanan, Suravuth Pratishthananda, Stanley L. Klemetson, William J. Grenney

Reports

Two significant, interrelated water resources problems are: (1) efficiently salvaging and reusing effluent water in order to augment limited water supplies; and (2) economically managing and treating wastewater to meet water quality standards. Using systems engineering and operations research techniques, the report focuses on the optimal management and use of water of impaired quality in a water resources system, including utilization or irrigation return flows and other poor quality water, water quantity and quality management systems, and wastewater reclamation opportunities. The study develops a mathematical programming transportation or transshipment model formulated for the Lower Jordan River Basin in Utah. The …

A Water-Land Use Management Model For The Sevier River Basin, V. A. Narasimhan, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

A hydrologic model for the Sevier River Basin above Sevier Bridge Reservoir was developed. The model considers large space increments on a monthly time increment. Additional data would improve the reliability of the model developed for some subbasins. A daily hydrologic model was also calibrated to the Circle Valley Subbasin. Data requirements for a daily model using small space increments seems to negate the possibility of the micro-model, for the present at least.

Biostimulation And Nutrient Assessment, Thomas E. Mahoney, A. G. Payne, C. M. Weiss, W. E. Miller, J. C. Greene, T. Shiroyama, R. A. Soltero, A. F. Gasperino, D. T. Specht, R. M. Gerhold, P. D. Uttormark, J. P. Wall, J. H. Reynolds, E. J. Middlebrooks

Reports

No abstract provided.

Modeling Phytoplankton Blooms In A Stratified Embayment, William J. Grenney

Reports

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the nitrogen limited growth dynamics of phytoplankton in a stratefied embayment. The representation of biological growth dynamics includes consideration of intracellular nutrient storage as well as the effects of temperature and light intensity. Several competing species can be represented simultaneously. Model hydrodynamics represent the effects of vertical mixing in the water column on the physical distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton. Sinking velocities of the cells are also included. The model was applied to Auke Bay, Alaska, and model responses are compared to data observed during the spring and summer of 1967.

Nutrient Dynamics And Gas Production In Aquatic Ecosystems: The Effects And Utilization Of Mercury And Nitrogen In Sediment-Water Microcosms, D. B. Porcella, V. D. Adams, P. A. Cowan, S. Austrheim-Smith, W F. Holmes, J. Hill Iv, W. J. Grenney, E. J. Middlebrooks

Reports

Sixteen sediment-water microcosms designed to allow complete gas, liquid, and solid mass balances of gases, nutrients, and mercury were studies under dark conditions or varying light intensity for a period of 189 days. Results indicated that the microcosm technique is a very sensitive method of analyzing microbial dynamics in sediment water systems. Gas quantity and composition changes were easy to monitor and were especially sensitive to light and nutrient variations. Nitrogen fixation occurred in all lighted systems (blue-green algae nitrogen fixers, Anabaena, and others) and was adequate to insure that no nitrogen limitation occurred even though nitrogen limitation was imposed …