Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Heavy Metals In Afforested Mangrove Sediment From The World's Largest Delta: Distributional Mapping, Contamination Status, Risk Assessment And Source Tracing, Md Saifur Rahman, Moshiur Rahman, Yeasmin N Jolly, Md Kamal Hossain, Sanjida Afrin Semme, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Takaomi Arai, Jimmy Yu, M Belal Hossain

Journal Articles

This study aims to assess seasonal and spatial variations, contamination status, ecological risks, and metal sources (Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in human-afforested mangrove sediments in a deltaic region. Five sampling locations were sampled during dry and wet seasons. Heavy metal concentrations followed the order: Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb. Metal loads, except Cu and Pb, were higher during the dry season, aligning with national and international recommendations. Sediment quality guidelines, contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, enrichment factors, and pollution load index indicated uncontaminated sediment in both seasons. Potential ecological risk assessment showed low risk conditions in all …

Artificial Intelligence Model Predicts Sudden Cardiac Arrest Manifesting With Pulseless Electric Activity Versus Ventricular Fibrillation, Lauri Holmstrom, Bryan Bednarski, Harpriya Chugh, Habiba Aziz, Hoang Nhat Pham, Arayik Sargsyan, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Damini Dey, Angelo Salvucci, Jonathan Jui, Kyndaron Reinier, Piotr J Slomka, Sumeet S Chugh

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: There is no specific treatment for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) manifesting as pulseless electric activity (PEA) and survival rates are low; unlike ventricular fibrillation (VF), which is treatable by defibrillation. Development of novel treatments requires fundamental clinical studies, but access to the true initial rhythm has been a limiting factor.

METHODS: Using demographics and detailed clinical variables, we trained and tested an AI model (extreme gradient boosting) to differentiate PEA-SCA versus VF-SCA in a novel setting that provided the true initial rhythm. A subgroup of SCAs are witnessed by emergency medical services personnel, and because the response time is …

Significant Improvement Of Fidelity For Encoded Quantum Bell Pairs At Long And Short-Distance Communication Along With Generalized Circuit, Syed Emad Uddin Shubha, Md Saifur Rahman, M R C Mahdy

Journal Articles

Quantum entanglement is a unique criterion of the quantum realm and an essential tool to secure quantum communication. Ensuring high-fidelity entanglement has always been a challenging task owing to interaction with the hostile channel environment created due to quantum noise and decoherence. Though several methods have been proposed, correcting almost all arbitrary errors is still a gigantic task. As one of the main contributions of this work, a new model for 'large distance communication' has been proposed, which may correct all bit flip errors or other errors quite extensively if proper encoding and subspace measurements are used. To achieve this …

A Simple Method For Determining Shallow Charge Distributions In Dielectrics Via Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison

Journal Articles

The understanding of charge dynamics in dielectric materials is paramount in mitigating electrostatic discharge events for spacecraft. The most critical spacecraft charging events are found to result from incident electrons in the energy range of 10 keV to 50 keV. The charge embedded in dielectric materials in this energy range are deposited a distance into the material on the order of a few to tens of microns. One way to measure and understand the deposited charge is via pulsed electroacoustic measurements (PEA). However, the typical PEA spatial resolution of ~ 10 μm is not sufficient to resolve or discern charge …

Artificial Intelligence Cad Tools In Trauma Imaging: A Scoping Review From The American Society Of Emergency Radiology (Aser) Ai/Ml Expert Panel., David Dreizin, Pedro V Staziaki, Garvit D Khatri, Nicholas M Beckmann, Zhaoyong Feng, Yuanyuan Liang, Zachary S Delproposto, Maximiliano Klug, J Stephen Spann, Nathan Sarkar, Yunting Fu

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: AI/ML CAD tools can potentially improve outcomes in the high-stakes, high-volume model of trauma radiology. No prior scoping review has been undertaken to comprehensively assess tools in this subspecialty.

PURPOSE: To map the evolution and current state of trauma radiology CAD tools along key dimensions of technology readiness.

METHODS: Following a search of databases, abstract screening, and full-text document review, CAD tool maturity was charted using elements of data curation, performance validation, outcomes research, explainability, user acceptance, and funding patterns. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate key trends.

RESULTS: A total of 4052 records were screened, and 233 full-text …

Rapid Assessment Of Fish Freshness For Multiple Supply-Chain Nodes Using Multi-Mode Spectroscopy And Fusion-Based Artificial Intelligence, Hossein Kashani Zadeh, Mike Hardy, Mitchell Sueker, Yicong Li, Angelis Tzouchas, Nicholas Mackinnon, Gregory Bearman, Simon A Haughey, Alireza Akhbardeh, Insuck Baek, Chansong Hwang, Jianwei Qin, Amanda M Tabb, Rosalee S Hellberg, Shereen Ismail, Hassan Reza, Fartash Vasefi, Moon Kim, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Christopher T Elliott

Journal Articles

This study is directed towards developing a fast, non-destructive, and easy-to-use handheld multimode spectroscopic system for fish quality assessment. We apply data fusion of visible near infra-red (VIS-NIR) and short wave infra-red (SWIR) reflectance and fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy data features to classify fish from fresh to spoiled condition. Farmed Atlantic and wild coho and chinook salmon and sablefish fillets were measured. Three hundred measurement points on each of four fillets were taken every two days over 14 days for a total of 8400 measurements for each spectral mode. Multiple machine learning techniques including principal component analysis, self-organized maps, linear and …

Relevancy Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements For Investigating Spacecraft Charging, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison

Journal Articles

The magnitude and spatial distribution of charge embedded in dielectric materials and the evolution of the charge distributions with time are paramount for the understanding and mitigation of spacecraft charging. Spacecraft materials are charged primarily by incident fluxes of low-energy electrons, with electron fluxes in the 10–50 keV range often responsible for the most deleterious arcing effects. While the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method can provide sensitive nondestructive measurements of the internal charge distribution in insulating materials, it has often been limited for spacecraft charging applications by typical spatial resolutions of ≤ 10 μm , with a 10- μm …

Space Environment Effects On The Electron Yields Of Ldef Thermal Control Coatings, Trace Taylor, Matthew Robertson, Heather Allen, Jr Dennison, Michael Guy, Emily Willis

Journal Articles

Space-environment-induced degradation of white thermal control coatings from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) was investigated. Much of the exterior of the LDEF was painted with a white thermal control coating, Aeroglaze A276; and most of the interior was coated with a black thermal control coating, Aeroglaze Z306. Outgassing from these coatings and other LDEF materials interacted with the white surface when exposed to sunlight after volatile materials condensed on the LDEF surfaces. Surface morphology was characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopies. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy were used to identify the chemical compounds and elements present …

Comparison Of Pulsed Electroacoustic Measurements And Af-Numit3 Modeling Of Polymers Irradiated With Monoenergetic Electrons, Zachary Gibson, J. R. Dennison, Brian Beecken, Ryan Hoffmann

Journal Articles

Successful spacecraft design and charging mitigation techniques require precise and accurate knowledge of charge deposition profiles. This paper compares models of charge deposition and transport using a venerable deep dielectric charging code, AF-NUMIT3, with direct measurements of charge profiles via pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) measurements. Eight different simulations were performed for comparison to PEA experiments of samples irradiated by 50 or 80 keV monoenergetic electrons in vacuum and at room temperature. Two materials, polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), were chosen for their very low conductivities so that minimal charge migration would occur between irradiation and PEA measurements. PEEK was found …

Lessons Learned From Interdisciplinary Efforts To Combat Covid-19 Misinformation: Development Of Agile Integrative Methods From Behavioral Science, Data Science, And Implementation Science, Sahiti Myneni, Paula Cuccaro, Sarah Montgomery, Vivek Pakanati, Jinni Tang, Tavleen Singh, Olivia Dominguez, Trevor Cohen, Belinda Reininger, Lara S Savas, Maria E Fernandez

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness about and advances in addressing social media misinformation, the free flow of false COVID-19 information has continued, affecting individuals' preventive behaviors, including masking, testing, and vaccine uptake.

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we describe our multidisciplinary efforts with a specific focus on methods to (1) gather community needs, (2) develop interventions, and (3) conduct large-scale agile and rapid community assessments to examine and combat COVID-19 misinformation.

METHODS: We used the Intervention Mapping framework to perform community needs assessment and develop theory-informed interventions. To supplement these rapid and responsive efforts through large-scale online social listening, we developed a …

Spacecraft Charging Test Considerations For Composite Materials, Allen Andersen, Wousik Kim, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Todd A. Schneider, Jason Vaughn, Kenneth H. Wright Jr., Nelson W. Green, Eric Suh, Joel Schwartz, Abdul-Majeed Azad

Journal Articles

Composite materials present a growing challenge for spacecraft charging assessments. We review some recent lessons learned for charging tests of composite materials using both parallel-plate and electron beam test geometries. We also discuss examples of materials that exhibit significant variations between samples, despite them all having the same trade name.

A Novel Qkd Approach To Enhance Iiot Privacy And Computational Knacks, Kranthi Kumar Singamaneni, Gaurav Dhiman, Sapna Juneja, Ghulam Muhammad, Salman A Alqahtani, John Zaki

Journal Articles

The industry-based internet of things (IIoT) describes how IIoT devices enhance and extend their capabilities for production amenities, security, and efficacy. IIoT establishes an enterprise-to-enterprise setup that means industries have several factories and manufacturing units that are dependent on other sectors for their services and products. In this context, individual industries need to share their information with other external sectors in a shared environment which may not be secure. The capability to examine and inspect such large-scale information and perform analytical protection over the large volumes of personal and organizational information demands authentication and confidentiality so that the total data …

Generalization In Quantum Machine Learning From Few Training Data, Matthias C Caro, Hsin-Yuan Huang, M Cerezo, Kunal Sharma, Andrew Sornborger, Lukasz Cincio, Patrick J Coles

Journal Articles

Modern quantum machine learning (QML) methods involve variationally optimizing a parameterized quantum circuit on a training data set, and subsequently making predictions on a testing data set (i.e., generalizing). In this work, we provide a comprehensive study of generalization performance in QML after training on a limited number N of training data points. We show that the generalization error of a quantum machine learning model with T trainable gates scales at worst as [Formula: see text]. When only K ≪ T gates have undergone substantial change in the optimization process, we prove that the generalization error improves to [Formula: see …

New Methods For Assessing The Sustainability Of Wood-Burning Energy Facilities, Sarah Mittlefehldt, Erin Bunting, Emily Huff, Joseph Welsh, Robert Goodwin

Journal Articles

Methods to assess wood-based bioenergy projects have tended to focus on technological and physical constraints. Less is known about how longer-term environmental, economic, and social systems—the three pillars of sustainable development—have influenced technological development in the context of woody biomass energy. This research offers new methods for assessing the sustainability of wood-based energy projects by combining spatial analysis, semi-structured interviews, and archival data analysis. By integrating quantitative and qualitative methods, this project offers ways to understand how social and environmental dynamics from the past shape technological development in the future. A propensity analysis of biomass energy plants in Michigan, USA …

Ion Beam-Treated Space Polymers: Long-Term Stability In Geo-Simulated Environments, Jacob Kleiman, Zelina Iskanderova, Leonid Krishtein, J. R. Dennison, Brian Wood, Anatoly Grigorievsky, Carl Best

Journal Articles

As part of a large program conducted between years 2010 and 2018, a number of ion beam surface treatments and proprietary coatings formed on advanced space polymers by direct ion beam deposition were developed at Integrity Testing Laboratory (ITL) Inc, in Canada. Thistechnology allowed producing surfaces with controlled surface resistivity in a wide range of charge dissipation values, with negligibly low additional RF losses and other important functional properties, that allowed using such treated materials and products in modern space antennae, solar arrays and other external applications on spacecrafts in GEO environment. This paper will present an overview of results …

Moonlight: A Photo Essay, David A. Westbrook

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

The Synergistic Effects Of Elevated Temperature And Co2 - Induced Ocean Acidification Reduce Cardiac Performance And Increase Disease Susceptibility In Subadult, Female American Lobsters Homarus Americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Nephropidae) From The Gulf Of Maine, Amalia M. Harrington, Robert Harrington, Heather J. Hamlin, Deborah A. Bouchard

Journal Articles

Increased greenhouse gas emissions have caused rapid ocean warming (OW) and reduced ocean pH via acidification (OA). Both OW and OA will likely impact marine crustaceans, but they are often examined in isolation. We conducted an environmental-stressor experiment to understand how exposure to current summer conditions (16 °C, pH 8.0), OW only (20 °C, pH 8.0), OA only (16 °C, pH 7.6), or both acidification and warming, OAW (20 °C, pH 7.6), differentially influence thermal physiology and immune response of female subadults of the American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837. Following a 42 d exposure, cardiac performance was …

Experimental Investigation Of The Secondary And Backscatter Electron Emission From New Spacecraft Surface Materials, Millan F. Diaz-Aguado, John W. Bonnell, Stuart D. Bale, Justin Christensen, Phillip Lundgreen, Jordan Lee, Jr Dennison, Justin Dekany, Brian Wood, Mike Gruntman

Journal Articles

The emission of secondary and backscattered electrons influences spacecraft surface potentials and the surrounding plasma. Modern spacecraft use new materials for which secondary emission properties have been unavailable. In this work, the total electron yield (i.e., the sum of secondary and backscattered electron yields) was measured for niobium-C103 alloy, molybdenum Titanium, Zirconium, Molybdenum (TZM) alloy, tantalum-tungsten alloy, Elgiloy®, graphite lubricant (DAG 213®), and titanium nitride. The surface properties of tungsten were also measured for comparison with past test data. The materials were readied as spacecraft flight materials and temperature-treated ("annealed") to predicted peak flight temperatures. The yield properties for 10 …

A Bivariate Life Distribution And Notions Of Negative Dependence, Prajamitra Bhuyan, Shyamal Ghosh, Priyanka Majumder, Murari Mitra

Journal Articles

Bivariate life distributions used to model negative dependence typically possess certain limitations; in particular, the correlation coefficient takes values in a restricted subrange of (Formula presented.). We construct a new bivariate life distribution to remedy this. Properties of the proposed distribution are studied. It is shown that the distribution satisfies most of the popular notions of negative dependence prevalent in the literature. Stress–strength reliability bounds are obtained, and parameter estimation methodology has been discussed. Performance of the estimators are compared through a simulation study.

Relativistic Quantum Heat Engine From Uncertainty Relation Standpoint, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Goutam Paul

Journal Articles

Established heat engines in quantum regime can be modeled with various quantum systems as working substances. For example, in the non-relativistic case, we can model the heat engine using infinite potential well as a working substance to evaluate the efficiency and work done of the engine. Here, we propose quantum heat engine with a relativistic particle confined in the one-dimensional potential well as working substance. The cycle comprises of two isothermal processes and two potential well processes of equal width, which forms the quantum counterpart of the known isochoric process in classical nature. For a concrete interpretation about the relation …

Physics-Driven Dual-Defect Model Fits Of Voltage Step-Up To Breakdown Data In Spacecraft Polymers, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison

Journal Articles

Overly conservative estimates of breakdown strength can increase the mass and cost of spacecraft electrostatic discharge (ESD) mitigation methods. Improved estimates of ESD likelihood in the space environment require better models of ESD distributions. The purpose of this work is to evaluate our previously proposed dual-defect model of voltage step-up-to-breakdown tests with a case study across four dielectric materials. We predicted that materials best fit by mixed Weibull distributions would exhibit better fits with the dual-defect model compared to a mean field single defect theory. Additional data for biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyimide (PI or Kapton) from three sources, and …

Multiplicativity Of Connes' Calculus, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Satyajit Guin

Journal Articles

In his book on noncommutative geometry, Connes constructed a differential graded algebra out of a spectral triple. Lack of monoidality of this construction is investigated. We identify a suitable monoidal subcategory of the category of spectral triples and show that when restricted to this subcategory the construction of Connes is monoidal. Richness of this subcategory is exhibited by establishing a faithful endofunctor to this subcategory.

Revisiting Singlino Dark Matter Of The Natural Z 3-Symmetric Nmssm In The Light Of Lhc, Waleed Abdallah, Arindam Chatterjee, Asesh Krishna Datta

Journal Articles

Inspired by the fact that relatively small values of the effective higgsino mass parameter of the Z3-symmetric Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) could render the scenario ‘natural’, we explore the plausibility of having relatively light neutralinos and charginos (the electroweakinos or the ewinos) in such a scenario with a rather light singlino-like Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP), which is a Dark Matter (DM) candidate, and singlet-dominated scalar excitations. By first confirming the indications in the existing literature that finding simultaneous compliance with results from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and those from various DM experiments with such light states is, in …

Probing Uncertainty Relations In Non-Commutative Space, Pritam Chattopadhyay, Ayan Mitra, Goutam Paul

Journal Articles

In this paper, we compute uncertainty relations for non-commutative space and obtain a better lower bound than the standard one obtained from Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation. We also derive the reverse uncertainty relation for product and sum of uncertainties of two incompatible variables for one linear and another non-linear model of the harmonic oscillator. The non-linear model in non-commutating space yields two different expressions for Schrödinger and Heisenberg uncertainty relation. This distinction does not arise in commutative space, and even in the linear model of non-commutative space.

Secondary Electron Yield Measurements Of Carbon Nanotube Forests: Dependence On Morphology And Substrate, Brian Wood, Jordan Lee, Gregory Wilson, T. -C. Shen, Jr Dennison

Journal Articles

Total, secondary, and backscatter electron yield data were taken with beam energies between 15 eV and 30 keV, in conjunction with energy emission data, to determine the extent of suppression of yield caused by carbon nanotube (CNT) forest coatings on substrates. CNT forests can potentially lower substrate yield due to both its inherently low-yield, low-atomic number (Z) carbon composition, and its bundled, high-aspect ratio structure. Rough surfaces, and in particular, surfaces with deep high-aspect-ratio voids, can suppress yields, as the electrons emitted from lower lying surfaces are recaptured by surface protrusions rather than escaping the near-surface region. Yields of multilayered …

Wireless Antenna Detection Of Electrostatic Discharge Events, Allen Andersen, Jr Dennison

Journal Articles

Wireless intraspacecraft communication technology is being developed for signal transfer on space missions to save weight and simplify the design. One consideration for this new technology is its interaction with space environmentinduced electrostatic discharges (ESDs). The short time scales of spacecraft ESD events result in broad frequency band signals that can interact with high-frequency wireless antennas. These interactions present a source of signal noise. However, they also present a possibility of in-flight wireless ESD monitoring. We present laboratory measurements of arcing on common spacecraft insulators using commercially available single-band 2.4-GHz and dual-band 2.4-/5.8-GHz Wi-Fi antennas. These wireless detections are shown …

Some Theoretical Links Between Shortest Path Filters And Minimum Spanning Tree Filters, Sravan Danda, Aditya Challa, B. S.Daya Sagar, Laurent Najman

Journal Articles

Edge-aware filtering is an important pre-processing step in many computer vision applications. In the literature, there exist several versions of collaborative edge-aware filters based on spanning trees and shortest path heuristics which work well in practice. For instance, tree filter (TF) which is recently proposed based on a minimum spanning tree (MST) heuristic yields promising results in many filtering applications. However, links between the tree-based filters and shortest path-based filters are faintly explored. In this article, we introduce an edge-aware generalization of the TF termed as UMST filter based on a subgraph generated by edges of all MSTs. The major …

Tracing Cyclic Homology Pairings Under Twisting Of Graded Algebras, Sayan Chakraborty, Makoto Yamashita

Journal Articles

We give a description of cyclic cohomology and its pairing with K-groups for 2-cocycle deformation of algebras graded over discrete groups. The proof relies on a realization of monodromy for the Gauss–Manin connection on periodic cyclic cohomology in terms of the cup product action of group cohomology.

Ranking And Clustering Of Drosophila Olfactory Receptors Using Mathematical Morphology, Jayanta Kumar Das, Pabitra Pal Choudhury, Neelambuj Chaturvedi, Mohd Tayyab, Sk Sarif Hassan

Journal Articles

This article introduces an alignment-free clustering method in order to cluster all the 66 DORs sequentially diverse protein sequences. Two different methods are discussed: one is utilizing twenty standard amino acids (without grouping) and another one is using chemical grouping of amino acids (with grouping). Two grayscale images (representing two protein sequences by order pair frequency matrices) are compared to find the similarity index using morphology technique. We could achieve the correlation coefficients of 0.9734 and 0.9403 for without and with grouping methods respectively with the ClustalW result in the ND5 dataset, which are much better than some of the …

On The Bures–Wasserstein Distance Between Positive Definite Matrices, Rajendra Bhatia, T. Jain, Yongdo Lim

Journal Articles

The metric d(A,B)=trA+trB−2tr(A1∕2BA1∕2)1∕21∕2 on the manifold of n×n positive definite matrices arises in various optimisation problems, in quantum information and in the theory of optimal transport. It is also related to Riemannian geometry. In the first part of this paper we study this metric from the perspective of matrix analysis, simplifying and unifying various proofs. Then we develop a theory of a mean of two, and a barycentre of several, positive definite matrices with respect to this metric. We explain some recent work on a fixed point iteration for computing this Wasserstein barycentre. Our emphasis is on ideas natural to …