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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Improving Pain Management In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques, Fan Yang
Improving Pain Management In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Using Machine Learning Techniques, Fan Yang
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited red blood cell disorder that can cause a multitude of complications throughout a patient's life. Pain is the most common complication and a significant cause of morbidity. Since pain is a highly subjective experience, both medical providers and patients express difficulty in determining ideal treatment and management strategies for pain. Therefore, the development of objective pain assessment and pain forecasting methods is critical to pain management in SCD. On the other hand, the rapidly increasing use of mobile health (mHealth) technology and wearable devices gives the ability to build a remote health intervention …
Anthrax Event Detection: Analysis Of Public Opinion Using Twitter During Anthrax Scares, The Mueller Investigation, And North Korean Threats, Michele E. Miller
Anthrax Event Detection: Analysis Of Public Opinion Using Twitter During Anthrax Scares, The Mueller Investigation, And North Korean Threats, Michele E. Miller
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When people allow fear to drive their decision making, they often make decisions that do more harm than good. Examples of this include stocking up on ciprofloxacin, flooding doctors’ offices and buying black market antibiotics after the anthrax attacks of 2001. Therefore, it is important to be able to address what people are saying when another anthrax attack occurs. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning methodologies can be utilized to detect an event, classify the tweets by event, and to determine the main topics of discussion. Over the period of data collection, twenty events were detected. Three of these events concerned …
Extracting Information From Subroutines Using Static Analysis Semantics, Luke A. Burnett
Extracting Information From Subroutines Using Static Analysis Semantics, Luke A. Burnett
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Understanding how a system component can interact with other services can take an immeasurable amount of time. Reverse engineering embedded and large systems can rely on understanding how components interact with one another. This process is time consuming and can sometimes be generalized through certain behavior.We will be explaining two such complicated systems and highlighting similarities between them. We will show that through static analysis you can capture compiler behavior and apply it to the understanding of a function, reducing the total time required to understand a component of whichever system you are learning.
Finding Data Races In Software Binaries With Symbolic Execution, Nathan D. Jackson
Finding Data Races In Software Binaries With Symbolic Execution, Nathan D. Jackson
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Modern software applications frequently make use of multithreading to utilize hardware resources better and promote application responsiveness. In these applications, threads share the program state, and synchronization mechanisms ensure proper ordering of accesses to the program state. When a developer fails to implement synchronization mechanisms, data races may occur. Finding data races in an automated way is an already challenging problem, but often impractical without source code or understanding how to execute the program under analysis. In this thesis, we propose a solution for finding data races on software binaries and present our prototype implementation BINRELAY. Our solution makes use …
Hierarchical Anomaly Detection For Time Series Data, Ryan E. Sperl
Hierarchical Anomaly Detection For Time Series Data, Ryan E. Sperl
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With the rise of Big Data and the Internet of Things, there is an increasing availability of large volumes of real-time streaming data. Unusual occurrences in the underlying system will be reflected in these streams, but any human analysis will quickly become out of date. There is a need for automatic analysis of streaming data capable of identifying these anomalous behaviors as they occur, to give ample time to react. In order to handle many high-velocity data streams, detectors must minimize the processing requirements per value. In this thesis, we have developed a novel anomaly detection method which makes use …
Development Of Embedded Atom Method Interatomic Potentials For Ge-Sn-Si Ternary And Constituent Binary Alloys For Modeling Material Crystallization, Sudip Acharya
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Group IV elements based nanoelectronics devices (mainly Si and Ge based devices) have been developed and improved over a long period of time and are the most influencing materials of semiconductor electronics, but due to their indirect bandgap their use in optoelectronics is limited. Alternatively, new Group IV alloys comprised of Ge, Si, and Sn semiconductor materials have emerged as attractive options for various electronic and optoelectronic applications. The binary and ternary alloys provide strain and energy bandgap engineering by controlling element content, a route for realizing direct-transition semiconductors, improvement in interface and defect properties, and a reduction of the …
Characterization Of A Novel Terahertz Chemical Sensor, Daniel J. Tyree
Characterization Of A Novel Terahertz Chemical Sensor, Daniel J. Tyree
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A recently constructed novel analytical tabletop terahertz (THz) chemical sensor capable of detecting a wide range of gases with high sensitivity and specificity was characterized to assess its performance over a range of operational parameters. The sensor was designed with an objective of quantifying composition of exhaled human breath, where target concentrations span part per trillion (ppt) to part per billion (ppb) level of dilutions. The sensor utilizes terahertz rotational spectroscopy of sampled gases for quantification of dilutions. The sensor occupies a volume of ~ 2 ft3 and incorporates a coiled absorption cell, thermal desorption tubes, and all necessary electronic …
Predicting Subjective Sleep Quality Using Objective Measurements In Older Adults, Reza Sadeghi
Predicting Subjective Sleep Quality Using Objective Measurements In Older Adults, Reza Sadeghi
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Humans spend almost a third of their lives asleep. Sleep has a pivotal effect on job performance, memory, fatigue recovery, and both mental and physical health. Sleep quality (SQ) is a subjective experience and reported via patients’ self-reports. Predicting subjective SQ based on objective measurements can enhance diagnosis and treatment of SQ defects, especially in older adults who are subject to poor SQ. In this dissertation, we assessed enhancement of subjective SQ prediction using an easy-to-use E4 wearable device, machine learning techniques and identifying disease-specific risk factors of abnormal SQ in older adults. First, we designed a clinical decision support …
Targeting Oncogenic K-Ras And Monoamine Oxidase B Utilizing Chalcones Bearing The 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl Motif, Cody Fourman
Targeting Oncogenic K-Ras And Monoamine Oxidase B Utilizing Chalcones Bearing The 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl Motif, Cody Fourman
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Oncogenic K-Ras is a driver protein found in specific cancers and was once thought to be “undruggable.” However, recent advances have suggested that mislocalizing K-Ras from the plasma membrane could be a viable strategy to target these cancers. The objective of this project was to identify a lead compound and determine a structure-activity relationship from chalcones bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxy motif towards oncogenic K-Ras and MAO-B. This was accomplished by keeping the trimethoxy group consistent on one ring while varying the electron-donating or -withdrawing groups on the opposite ring. Previous work showed chalcones of this specific archetype exhibiting indiscriminate MAO inhibition, …
The Fate Of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Along Hydrologic Continuums: Patterns Of Transformation And Recycling In A Eutrophic Lake And Coastal Marine Sediments, Daniel K. Hoffman
The Fate Of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Along Hydrologic Continuums: Patterns Of Transformation And Recycling In A Eutrophic Lake And Coastal Marine Sediments, Daniel K. Hoffman
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Eutrophication of aquatic systems can have cascading effects along hydrological continua from watersheds to coasts that result in impaired ecosystem health. In freshwater systems, blooms of toxic, non-nitrogen (N) fixing cyanobacteria (cyanoHABs), such as Microcystis, proliferate due to external loading of chemically reduced forms of N (e.g., ammonium (NH4+) and urea), which promote growth and toxin production. In coastal marine systems, nutrient loading can promote harmful algae blooms and threaten vulnerable, native vegetation, such as seagrasses, which provide valuable ecosystem services but are under threat globally from anthropogenic stressors. This dissertation focuses on NH4+ cycling in the water column of …
Design Of A Novel Wearable Ultrasound Vest For Autonomous Monitoring Of The Heart Using Machine Learning, Garrett G. Goodman
Design Of A Novel Wearable Ultrasound Vest For Autonomous Monitoring Of The Heart Using Machine Learning, Garrett G. Goodman
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As the population of older individuals increases worldwide, the number of people with cardiovascular issues and diseases is also increasing. The rate at which individuals in the United States of America and worldwide that succumb to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is rising as well. Approximately 2,303 Americans die to some form of CVD per day according to the American Heart Association. Furthermore, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that 647,000 Americans die yearly due to some form of CVD, which equates to one person every 37 seconds. Finally, the World Health Organization reports that the number one cause of …
Development Of Tetrathiafulvalene Fused N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds, William J. Robinson Iii
Development Of Tetrathiafulvalene Fused N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds, William J. Robinson Iii
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Separately, N-Heterocyclic carbene and Tetrathiafulvalene compounds show great promise for a variety of applications. N-heterocyclic carbenes exhibit desirable metal bonding characteristics which allow for modulation of the metal center via back-bonding interactions. Additionally, this creates a system of increased bonding strength creating stable complexes. Tetrathiafulvalene exhibits strong redox-active and optical characteristics. These are owed to an increased aromaticity as oxidation of the compound occurs and thus, is stable through a multitude of oxidative states. The marriage of these two functionalization creates a unique opportunity for a “cure-all” compound, able to address many problems the world faces today including, but not …
Stream Clustering And Visualization Of Geotagged Text Data For Crisis Management, Nathaniel C. Crossman
Stream Clustering And Visualization Of Geotagged Text Data For Crisis Management, Nathaniel C. Crossman
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In the last decade, the advent of social media and microblogging services have inevitably changed our world. These services produce vast amounts of streaming data, and one of the most important ways of analyzing and discovering interesting trends in the streaming data is through clustering. In clustering streaming data, it is desirable to perform a single pass over incoming data, such that we do not need to process old data again, and the clustering model should evolve over time not to lose any important feature statistics of the data. In this research, we have developed a new clustering system that …
Optimization Study Of A Combined Wind-Solar Farm For A Specified Demand, Venkat Siddhartha Rama
Optimization Study Of A Combined Wind-Solar Farm For A Specified Demand, Venkat Siddhartha Rama
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At the present time, using wind and solar energy for producing electricity in the United States is becoming cost competitive. According to Lazard’s 2019 [36] levelized cost of energy (LCOE) analysis of a number of energy sources used for producing electricity in the United States, wind and solar are cheaper than natural gas and coal. While capital, maintenance, operation, and fuel costs are included in LCOE numbers, energy source intermittency is not. Intermittency is an important issue with wind and solar energy sources, but not with natural gas or coal energy sources. Combining wind and solar energy sources into one …
Quantifying Contributions To The Variance Of Permeability And Porosity Within The Western Belt Sandstones Of The Cypress Formation, Illinois Basin, Nathaniel Frederick Dulaney
Quantifying Contributions To The Variance Of Permeability And Porosity Within The Western Belt Sandstones Of The Cypress Formation, Illinois Basin, Nathaniel Frederick Dulaney
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One of the strategies for reducing the emission of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and mitigating its accumulation into the Earth’s atmosphere is geologic sequestration (GSCO2). This process might be paired with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) within depleted oil reservoirs to provide an economic incentive for GSCO2. Heterogeneity within reservoirs (e.g. spatial differences in entry pressure, permeability, and porosity) can exert significant influence on the dynamics of fluid flow during EOR and GSCO2, and thus on the ultimate success of GSCO2-EOR. The Western Belt sandstones of the Cypress Formation in the Illinois Basin are candidate reservoirs for GSCO2-EOR. Heterogeneity …
An Adversarial Framework For Deep 3d Target Template Generation, Walter E. Waldow
An Adversarial Framework For Deep 3d Target Template Generation, Walter E. Waldow
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This paper presents a framework for the generation of 3D models. This is an important problem for many reasons. For example, 3D models are important for systems that are involved in target recognition. These systems use 3D models to train up accuracy on identifying real world object. Traditional means of gathering 3D models have limitations that the generation of 3D models can help overcome. The framework uses a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) that learns latent representations of two dimensional views of a model to bootstrap the network’s ability to learn to generate three dimensional objects. The novel architecture is …
Evolution Of Electron Properties After Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges In Air Measured By Thomson Scattering, Chase S. Murray
Evolution Of Electron Properties After Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Discharges In Air Measured By Thomson Scattering, Chase S. Murray
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This work was an investigation of nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges in air by measuring the evolution of electron density and electron temperature between pulses using Thomson scattering of laser light. Bursts of repetitive pulses within several microseconds after the initial pulse were found to exhibit a coupling effect and create an even higher electron density than the initial pulse. The wide range of temperatures and densities of the electrons existing between pulses allow an opportunity to explore both the collective and non-collective regimes of Thomson scattering. By measuring electron density and temperature at a variety of times, an accurate description …
Quantum Chemical Pka Estimation Of Carbon Acids, Saturated Alcohols, And Ketones Via Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, Corey Adam Baldasare
Quantum Chemical Pka Estimation Of Carbon Acids, Saturated Alcohols, And Ketones Via Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, Corey Adam Baldasare
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Acid dissociation constants, often expressed as pKa values, afford vital information with regards to molecular behavior in various environments and are of significance in fields of organic, inorganic, and medicinal chemistry. Several quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed that correlate experimental pKas for a given class of compounds with a descriptor(s) calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level utilizing the CPCM solvent model. A set of carbon acids provided a good final QSAR model of experimental aqueous pKas versus ΔEH2O (R2 = 0.9647) upon removal of three aldehydes as outliers. A study of saturated alcohols offered a final …
Degradation Of Trichloroethene By Radicals Produced By Oxygenation Of Various Reduced Iron Minerals, Jonathon Michael Deeter
Degradation Of Trichloroethene By Radicals Produced By Oxygenation Of Various Reduced Iron Minerals, Jonathon Michael Deeter
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Fe(II)-containing minerals (often as oxides and sulfides) are commonly present in the shallow subsurface and aquifers. Recent studies have shown that Fe(II) can generate reactive oxygen species upon oxygenation. This bench-scale investigation examined the generation of radical species from [Fe(II)]-containing mineral phases when exposed to oxygen. The Fe(II)-minerals in this study were chemically-reduced hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) and goethite, magnetite, and mackinawite (FeS). This research demonstrated that trichloroethene (TCE) can rapidly degrade by radicals produced from Fe(II)-containing oxides if gaseous oxygen is introduced in reactors. In contrast, there was little or no TCE degradation from oxygenation of freshly-prepared ferrous sulfide …
Geoaware - A Simulation-Based Framework For Synthetic Trajectory Generation From Mobility Patterns, Jameson D. Morgan
Geoaware - A Simulation-Based Framework For Synthetic Trajectory Generation From Mobility Patterns, Jameson D. Morgan
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Recent advances in location acquisition services have resulted in vast amounts of trajectory data; providing valuable insight into human mobility. The field of trajectory data mining has exploded as a result, with literature detailing algorithms for (pre)processing, map matching, pattern mining, and the like. Unfortunately, obtaining trajectory data for the design and evaluation of such algorithms is problematic due to privacy, ethical, dataset size, researcher access, and sampling frequency concerns. Synthetic trajectories provide a solution to such a problem as they are cheap to produce and are derived from a fully controllable generation procedure. Citing deficiencies in modern synthetic trajectory …
Marine Vertebrate Communities From The Cisuralian Epoch (Permian Period) Of Central North America, Ryan C. Shell
Marine Vertebrate Communities From The Cisuralian Epoch (Permian Period) Of Central North America, Ryan C. Shell
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Marine vertebrates from the Cisuralian Epoch early Permian Period) are rare in the global fossil record. In particular, species-rich faunas from individual localities are poorly represented, with single occurrence localities that do not fully capture faunal tends in marine vertebrate ecology across this interval. This dissertation helps to close this gap by reporting marine vertebrate fossils from five localities across central North America, containing four to 15 unequivocal vertebrate taxa, as well as a new single occurrence locality near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary. This survey includes representatives from the first three of the four Cisuralian faunal stages, and is the result …
Topological Analysis Of Averaged Sentence Embeddings, Wesley J. Holmes
Topological Analysis Of Averaged Sentence Embeddings, Wesley J. Holmes
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Sentence embeddings are frequently generated by using complex, pretrained models that were trained on a very general corpus of data. This thesis explores a potential alternative method for generating high-quality sentence embeddings for highly specialized corpora in an efficient manner. A framework for visualizing and analyzing sentence embeddings is developed to help assess the quality of sentence embeddings for a highly specialized corpus of documents related to the 2019 coronavirus epidemic. A Topological Data Analysis (TDA) technique is explored as an alternative method for grouping embeddings for document clustering and topic modeling tasks and is compared to a simple clustering …
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (Qsm) Reconstruction From Mri Phase Data, Sara Gharabaghi
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (Qsm) Reconstruction From Mri Phase Data, Sara Gharabaghi
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a powerful technique that reveals changes in the underlying tissue susceptibility distribution. It can be used to measure the concentrations of iron and calcium in the brain both of which are linked with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. However, reconstructing the QSM image from the MRI phase data is an ill-posed inverse problem. Different methods have been proposed to overcome this difficulty. Still, the reconstructed QSM images suffer from streaking artifacts and underestimate the measured susceptibility of deep gray matter, veins, and other high susceptibility regions. This thesis proposes a structurally constrained Susceptibility Weighted Imaging and Mapping …
Enabling Static Program Analysis Using A Graph Database, Jialun Liu
Enabling Static Program Analysis Using A Graph Database, Jialun Liu
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This thesis presents the design, the implementation, and the evaluation of a database-oriented static program analysis engine for the PHP programming language. This engine analyzes PHP programs by representing their semantics using a graph-based data structure, which will be subsequently stored into a graph database. Such scheme will fundamentally facilitate various program analysis tasks such as static taint analysis, visualization, and data mining. Specifically, these complex program analysis tasks can now be translated into built-in declarative graph database operations with rich features. Our engine fundamentally differs from other existing static program analysis systems that mainly leverage intermediate representation (IRs) to …
One-Dimensional Kinetic Particle-In-Cell Simulations Of Various Plasma Distributions, Richard N. Vanderburgh
One-Dimensional Kinetic Particle-In-Cell Simulations Of Various Plasma Distributions, Richard N. Vanderburgh
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A one-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) MATLAB simulation was created to demonstrate the time-evolution of various plasma distributions. Building on previous plasma PIC programs written in FORTRAN and Python, this work recreates the computational and diagnostic tools of these packages in a more user- and educational-friendly development environment. Plasma quantities such as plasma frequency and species charge-mass ratios are arbitrarily defined. A one-dimensional spatial environment is defined by total length and number and size of spatial grid points. In the first time-step, charged particles are given initial positions and velocities on a spatial grid. After initialization, the program solves for the …
Organic Blue Tadf Chromophore Tag For Monitoring Transfection Studies, Brandon G. Bresler
Organic Blue Tadf Chromophore Tag For Monitoring Transfection Studies, Brandon G. Bresler
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A novel organic TADF chromophore was synthesized via a 3-step process to emit a blue fluorescent light upon excitation. The chromophore was covalently attached to a 61% isobutyryl amidated poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI-IBAm0.61) non-viral gene vector utilized in gene transfection experiments. The gene vectors are loaded with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and are monitored via fluorescence microscopy. The addition of the blue chromophore therefore allows for the monitoring of the movements of the PEI-IBAm0.61 through the full delivery mechanism of the GFP inside the cells. This can give vital information about the overall toxicity of these non-viral gene vectors to biological …
Community Structure Has Greater Effect On Water Column Ammonium Cycling Than Nutrients And Temperature In Shallow Lake Mesocosms, Shannon Marie Collins
Community Structure Has Greater Effect On Water Column Ammonium Cycling Than Nutrients And Temperature In Shallow Lake Mesocosms, Shannon Marie Collins
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) impact lakes worldwide and are caused by excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from watersheds. Climate warming and nutrient loading effects on N cycling were examined in shallow lake mesocosms in Denmark. N loading to some mesocosms ceased in June 2018 and resumed in June 2019. Ammonium (NH4+) uptake, regeneration, and nitrification and nitrate uptake rates were evaluated. High nutrient, ambient temperature mesocosms exhibited the highest NH4+ cycling rates. Before resumption of N loading in high nutrient mesocosms, NH4+ regeneration supported 46 % of potential microbial NH4+ demand, versus 24 % with N loading. Nutrient …
Investigating Heterogeneous Nucleation Of Barite Using Hydrothermal Atomic Force Microscopy And Optical Microscopy, Ankita B. Gurav
Investigating Heterogeneous Nucleation Of Barite Using Hydrothermal Atomic Force Microscopy And Optical Microscopy, Ankita B. Gurav
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In order to develop a better understanding heterogeneous nucleation of barite, barite precipitation was studied under varying experimental parameters. Hydrothermal atomic force microscopy (HAFM) and optical microscopy were used to investigate the effect of change in temperature, supersaturation and varying ratios of ions on heterogeneous nucleation of barite. In the experiments conducted at higher temperatures, the particles thus nucleated were found to display characteristic hexagonal and rhomboidal shapes. In comparing results of particle densities among different ion ratios, there is evidence suggesting that barium to sulfate ratio plays a role of promoter. Wherein, the ratios with higher [Ba2+] concentration were …
Development Of Real-Time Systems For Supporting Collaborations In Distributed Human And Machine Teams, Aishwarya Bositty
Development Of Real-Time Systems For Supporting Collaborations In Distributed Human And Machine Teams, Aishwarya Bositty
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Real-time distributed systems constitute computing nodes that are connected by a network and coordinate with one another to accomplish a cooperative task, combining the responsiveness, fault-tolerance and geographic independence to support time-constrained collaborative applications, including distributed Human-Machine Teaming. In this thesis research the viability of real-time distributed collaborative technologies is demonstrated through the design, development and validation of prototype systems that support two human-machine teaming scenarios namely, ACE-IMS (Affirmation Cue based Interruption Management Systems) and ReadMI (Real-time Assessment of Dialogue in Motivational Interview). ACE-IMS demonstrates how a combination of AI capabilities and the cloud and mobile computing infrastructure can be …
Exploring The Multiplex Detection Capabilities Of Raman Spectroscopy On Mock Street Samples Containing Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyls, Mia Laverne Williams Burnett
Exploring The Multiplex Detection Capabilities Of Raman Spectroscopy On Mock Street Samples Containing Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyls, Mia Laverne Williams Burnett
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Illicitly manufactured fentanyls (IMFs) have become a global and local epidemic and have recently caused an increase in the number of accidental exposures and overdoses in first responders and the community. The aim of the research is to explore a method to discriminate between IMFs and cutting agents in mock street samples using Raman Spectroscopy. Predominant Raman bands corresponding to the structural moieties of each individual illicit, licit drugs, and cutting agents were tracked, then used to discriminate between varying components in a mock street sample. In conclusion, discrimination between the components in the mixture was obtained using Raman Spectroscopy. …