Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Ecotones: The Heartbeat Of Huxley, 2002, Fall, Issue 09, Laurel Eddy, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Epibiotic Sponges On The Scallops Chlamys Hastata And Chlamys Rubida: Increased Survival In A High-Sediment Environment, Duncan O. Burns, Brian L. Bingham

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The small free-swimming scallops, Chlamys hastata and Chlamys rubida, are frequently encrusted by the sponges Mycale adhaerens and Myxilla incrustans. It is unclear why this association exists. We hypothesized that living on scallop valves increases sponge survival by reducing the effects of sediment accumulation. Scallops were collected to measure correlations between sediment load and encrusting sponge mass. In the laboratory, the survival of sponges on living scallops and empty scallop valves was measured. Time-lapse video was used to quantify spontaneous swimming and clapping of C. hastata. In the field, both scallop size and sponge mass were significantly greater …

Ecotones: The Heartbeat Of Huxley, 2002, Fall, Issue 08, Laurel Eddy, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Reconstructing Salmon Abundance In Rivers: An Initial Dendrochronological Evaluation, James M. Helfield, Robert J. Naiman, Deanne C. Drake

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Decision-makers concerned with salmon or their stream habitats are faced with many persistent, difficult questions including: how large and variable were these populations before European settlement? Here, we examine the feasibility of reconstructing salmon abundance using links between marine nutrients carried upstream by Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) and growth of dominant riparian trees in two Alaskan systems. We employ standard dendrochronology methods and regression models to quantify relationships between annual tree-ring growth, salmon escapement, and the climate pattern that affects oceanic production of Northeast Pacific salmon stocks, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We find that known, annual salmon escapement …

The Planet, 2002, Autumn, Kate Koch, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Ecotones: The Heartbeat Of Huxley, 2002, Spring, Issue 08, Tennyson Ketcham, Laurel Eddy, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Sponge Encrustation On The Swimming Behaviour, Energetics And Morphometry Of The Scallop Chlamys Hastata, Deborah Anne Donovan, Brian L. Bingham, Heather M. (Heather Maria) Farren, Rodolfo Gallardo, Veronica L. Vigilant

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The effect of sponge encrustation on swimming ability of Chlamys hastata was determined by investigating swimming behaviour, scallop morphometry, and energy expended during swimming with and without commensal epibionts. Scallops swam significantly longer after sponge encrustation was removed from their shells, but no significant differences were detected in swimming elevation or distance. Scallops with sponge encrustation showed no adductor muscle hypertrophy or changes in shell morphometry compared to scallops without encrustation. However, C. hastatadid exhibit scaling relationships associated with maximizing swimming efficiency. Specifically, shell width and adductor muscle mass were positively allometric with shell height, while shell mass was …

Ecotones: The Heartbeat Of Huxley, 2002, Spring, Issue 04, Tennyson Ketcham, Laurel Eddy, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Hugo:The Hawaii Undersea Geo-Observatory, Fred K. Duennebier, David Harris, James Jolly, Jacqueline Caplan-Auerbach, Robert Jordan, Kurt Stiffel, Jeff Bosel

Geology Faculty Publications

The Hawaii Undersea Geo-Observatory, HUGO, was installed with the intent of supplying infrastructure for researchers interested in studies of undersea volcanism and associated phenomena at Loihi, the newest volcano of the Hawaiian chain. Much like an astronomical observatory, HUGO is a facility where scientists can perform experiments while sharing resources with others. The main components of HUGO are the shore station, supplying power to the observatory and recording data; the main cable-an electro-optical cable connecting the shore station to the summit of Loihi; the Junction box-the power distribution and data collection center on Loihi; multiplexing (mux) nodes-secondary distribution points; and …

The Planet, 2002, Spring, Levi Pulkkinen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Geologic Modeling Of Magnetic Data For Cypress Island, Washington, Ian Mynatt

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Cypress Island, Washington is composed of three distinct rock units separated by two major faults with east-west trending surface traces. The rock units are from south to north; an ultramafic unit with varyingly serpentinized harzburgite, a volcanic/ sedimentary unit composed of basalt, numerous pelagic sediments and serpentine, and a greywacke unit. The orientations of the fault contacts at depth are not interpretable by surface data. This study compiled magnetic data from several sources to model subsurface geologic aspects of the island. Magnetic anomaly profiles were created from the data, then analyzed and modeled using the computer program GM-SYS. The primary …

Applications In Landscape Ecology: A Simple Rule-Based Simulation Approach To Modeling Windthrow Disturbance In Forests Of The Western Cascades In Oregon, Brendan C. (Brendan Charles) Ward

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

The study of how biotic and abiotic processes function and interact within the biosphere is fundamental to the field of ecology. In particular, the field of landscape ecology focuses on the relationship between patterns and process at the landscape level. Windthrow is an important, though unfortunately under-studied agent of disturbance in the temperate coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Along with wildfire, windthrow is a dominant force in shaping the structure of the region's forested landscapes, resulting in visible vegetation patterns at the landscape level. The present study involved the development of a windthrow simulation model for the Bull Run …

Lake Whatcom Monitoring Project 2000/2001 Report, Robin A. Matthews, Michael Hilles, Joan Vandersypen, Robert J. Mitchell, Geoffrey B. Matthews

Lake Whatcom Annual Reports

This report is part of an on-going series of annual reports and special project reports that document the Lake Whatcom monitoring program.

This work is conducted by the Institute for Watershed Studies and other departments at Western Washington University. The major objective of this program is to provide long-term baseline water quality monitoring in Lake Whatcom and selected tributaries. Each section contains brief explanations about the water quality data, along with discussions of patterns observed in Lake Whatcom.

Ecotones: The Heartbeat Of Huxley, 2002, Winter, Issue 01, Laurel Eddy, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

The Brunn-Minkowski Inequality, Richard J. Gardner

Mathematics Faculty Publications

In 1978, Osserman [124] wrote an extensive survey on the isoperimetric inequality. The Brunn-Minkowski inequality can be proved in a page, yet quickly yields the classical isoperimetric inequality for important classes of subsets of Rⁿ, and deserves to be better known. This guide explains the relationship between the Brunn-Minkowski inequality and other inequalities in geometry and analysis, and some applications.

Form Domains And Eigenfunction Expansions For Differential Equations With Eigenparameter Dependent Boundary Conditions, Branko Ćurgus, Paul Binding

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Form domains are characterized for regular 2n-th order differential equations subject to general self-adjoint boundary conditions depending affinely on the eigenparameter. Corresponding modes of convergence for eigenfunction expansions are studied, including uniform convergence of the first n - 1 derivatives.

Hurricane Mitch: Impacts On Mangrove Sediment Elevation Dynamics And Long-Term Mangrove Sustainability, Donald R. Cahoon, Philippe Hensel, John M. Rybczyk, Brian Christopher Perez

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Hurricane Mitch left three very different impacts on mangroves in the coastal zone of Central America. First, in the Caribbean, direct wind and flood-induced mangrove mortality was seen in the Bay Islands. Second, wave-induced erosion of beaches and subsequent sediment deposition buried mangrove forests of Punta de Manabique, Guatemala. Finally, along the Pacific coast, some mangroves of the Gulf of Fonseca were buried under up to 100 cm of sediments eroded from uplands and carried down slope by river flooding. Each of these three impacts left a different footprint on the mangrove communities, and these communities are expected to follow …

The Planet, 2002, Winter, Levi Pulkkinen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Huxley Horizon, 2002, Winter, Volume 02, Issue 01, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

A New Hypothesis For The Origin Of Dune Ridges, Neil Duffin

WWU Graduate School Collection

In support of a new hypothesis concerning the origin of dune ridges, fieldwork was carried out on the Long Beach Peninsula, SW Washington State, between 1997 and 2002. Procedures included coring, profiling, measuring and recording cross-section stratigraphy, and collected data analyzed and compiled at Western Washington University. The proposed hypothesis envisions coseismic subsidence, formation of a berm or beach ridge, subsequent uplift, and eolian deposition on the berm or beach ridge to form a new dune ridge. Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence from the Long Beach Peninsula is presented and compared to the standard models outlined in the literature.

Most of …

Paleomagnetism Of The Jura-Cretaceous Kyuquot Group, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Chad K. Hults

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Kyuquot Group is a series of marine clastic deposits of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age located on the NW portion of Vancouver Island. These sediments have been folded, but not metamorphosed, and so provide an attractive target for paleomagnetic study. Results from these rocks fill a significant (50 m.y.) time gap in our knowledge of the paleomagnetic paleolatitude record of Wrangellia. Paleomagnetic results from the underlying Bonanza Volcanics (Symons, 1984) show no significant relative latitudinal displacement of Wrangellia with respect to North America. This, along with geological correlations between other similar-aged clastic sediment units, has led several workers …

Paleogeography Of The Spieden Group, San Juan Islands, Washington, Patricia Allison Dean

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Spieden Group in the San Juan Islands of Washington State consists of the Lower Cretaceous Sentinel Island Formation and the Upper Jurassic Spieden Bluff Formation. In order to constrain the location of its origin, paleomagnetism of the sedimentary rocks of the Spieden Group was studied to obtain paleolatitudes. Two components of magnetization were measured in most of the Sentinel Island Formation specimens. The second-removed component had a mean in-situ direction of D = 34.1°, I == 44. 2°, α₉₅ = 12.0° and a mean tilt-corrected direction of D = 49.3°, I = 71.5°, α₉₅ = 6.9°. Uncertainty …