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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm For Poverty Reduction And Biodiversity Conservation In Latin America, M Jahi Chappell, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, Bruce G. Ferguson, Luis García Barrios, Raúl García Barrios, Daniel Jaffee, Jefferson Lima, V. Ernesto Méndez,, Helda Morales, Lorena Soto-Pinto, John Vandermeer, Ivette Perfecto
Food Sovereignty: An Alternative Paradigm For Poverty Reduction And Biodiversity Conservation In Latin America, M Jahi Chappell, Hannah Wittman, Christopher M. Bacon, Bruce G. Ferguson, Luis García Barrios, Raúl García Barrios, Daniel Jaffee, Jefferson Lima, V. Ernesto Méndez,, Helda Morales, Lorena Soto-Pinto, John Vandermeer, Ivette Perfecto
Environmental Studies and Sciences
Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of this approach, including ecological land reform in Brazil, agroforestry, milpa, and the uses of wild varieties in …
Introduction To Empowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research For Environmental Justice, Christopher M. Bacon, Saneta Devuono-Powell, Mary Louise Frampton, Tony Lopresti, Camille Pannu
Introduction To Empowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research For Environmental Justice, Christopher M. Bacon, Saneta Devuono-Powell, Mary Louise Frampton, Tony Lopresti, Camille Pannu
Environmental Studies and Sciences
This article introduces a special section on empowered partnerships that deepens a dialogue initiated during the 2010 symposium titled EmPowered Partnerships: Community-Based Participatory Action Research for Environmental Justice. The articles in this section will be divided between issues 1 and 2 of the Journal. After briefly reviewing the definitions and the steps associated with community-based participatory action research (CBPAR), we identify the synergies connecting the underlying principles and values of the environmental justice (EJ) movement and CBPAR. The principles-based comparison is part of an ongoing effort to craft a framework that produces research partnerships that are simultaneously more responsive to …
Early Cenozoic Evolution Of Topography, Climate, And Stable Isotopes In Precipitation In The North American Cordillera, Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix, Andreas Mulch
Early Cenozoic Evolution Of Topography, Climate, And Stable Isotopes In Precipitation In The North American Cordillera, Ran Feng, Christopher J. Poulsen, Martin Werner, C. Page Chamberlain, Hari T. Mix, Andreas Mulch
Environmental Studies and Sciences
Paleoelevation reconstructions of the North American Cordillera inferred from the oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of terrestrial paleoclimate proxy materials (soils, ashes, lake sediments) suggest rapid north-to-south migration of topography in the early Cenozoic (pre-49 Ma to 28 Ma). The validation of this reconstruction relies on an accurate understanding of the δ¹⁸Op and the associated regional climate change in response to the uplift of the western North America. Here we study this response using a global climate model (GCM) with explicit δ¹⁸Op diagnostics (ECHAM5-wiso) focusing on the isotopic effects of different types of precipitation, vapor mixing, recycling and …
Rapid Diffusion Of Electrons In Gamnas, Christopher P. Weber, Eric A. Kittlaus, Kassandra B. Mattia, Christopher J. Waight, J. Hagmann, X. Liu, M. Dobrowolska, J. K. Furdyna
Rapid Diffusion Of Electrons In Gamnas, Christopher P. Weber, Eric A. Kittlaus, Kassandra B. Mattia, Christopher J. Waight, J. Hagmann, X. Liu, M. Dobrowolska, J. K. Furdyna
Physics
We report ultrafast transient‐grating measurements, above and below the Curie temperature, of the dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As containing 6% Mn. At 80 K (15 K), we observe that photoexcited electrons in the conduction band have a lifetime of 8 ps (5 ps) and diffuse at about 70 cm2/s (60 cm2/s). Such rapid diffusion requires either an electronic mobility exceeding 7700 cm2/V s or a conduction‐band effective mass less than half the GaAs value. Our data suggest that neither the scattering rate nor the effective mass of the (Ga,Mn)As conduction band differs significantly from that …
Diffusion Of Degenerate Minority Carrier In A P-Type Semiconductor, Christopher P. Weber, Eric A. Kittlaus
Diffusion Of Degenerate Minority Carrier In A P-Type Semiconductor, Christopher P. Weber, Eric A. Kittlaus
Physics
We report ultrafast transient-grating experiments on heavily p-type InP at 15 K. Our measurement reveals the dynamics and diffusion of photoexcited electrons and holes as a function of their density n in the range 2 × 1016 to 6 × 1017 cm−3. After the first few picoseconds, the grating decays primarily due to ambipolar diffusion. While, at low density, we observe a regime in which the ambipolar diffusion is electron-dominated and increases rapidly with n, it appears to saturate at 34 cm2/s at high n. We present a simple calculation that reproduces the main …
Quality Revolutions, Solidarity Networks, And Sustainability Innovations: Following Fair Trade Coffee From Nicaragua To California, Christopher M. Bacon
Quality Revolutions, Solidarity Networks, And Sustainability Innovations: Following Fair Trade Coffee From Nicaragua To California, Christopher M. Bacon
Environmental Studies and Sciences
Nicaraguan smallholder cooperative leaders working in partnership with a California-based small-scale roasting company pioneered an alternative approach to confronting the post-1999 coffee crisis. They built coffee tasting laboratories and integrated grassroots organizing efforts to create a national smallholder cooperative association that dramatically improved the quality, consistency, and prices from of the coffee they exported. Cooperative leaders used this development project to gain a more significant share of political economic power in a domestic coffee industry historically dominated by colonial powers, and corporate and domestic elites. This alliance between the artisanal small-scale roasting companies and cooperative leaders also proved that smallholders …