Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Engineering (8)
- Computer Sciences (7)
- Physics (4)
- Chemistry (3)
- Earth Sciences (3)
-
- Life Sciences (3)
- Nuclear (3)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (2)
- Computer Engineering (2)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (2)
- Environmental Chemistry (2)
- Environmental Sciences (2)
- Geology (2)
- Geophysics and Seismology (2)
- Materials Science and Engineering (2)
- Mechanical Engineering (2)
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2)
- Nuclear Engineering (2)
- Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing (2)
- Plant Sciences (2)
- Plasma and Beam Physics (2)
- Software Engineering (2)
- Agricultural Science (1)
- Agronomy and Crop Sciences (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Applied Statistics (1)
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (1)
- Astrophysics and Astronomy (1)
- Biology and Biomimetic Materials (1)
- Keyword
-
- Fertilizer (2)
- Visual Analytics (2)
- Accelerator mass spectrometry (1)
- Adhesive (1)
- Alpha Spectroscopy (1)
-
- Aluminum-26 (1)
- Background Subtraction (1)
- Bayesian calibration (1)
- Beryllium-10 (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biosolid (1)
- Bulk modulus (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Consolidation (1)
- Contaminants of emerging concern (1)
- Copper complexes (1)
- Cosmogenic radionuclides (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Dark Matter (1)
- Data visualization (1)
- Density Functional Theory (1)
- Disease simulation (1)
- Double- and single-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (1)
- Double-Pulse LIBS (1)
- Dynamic Covariance Kernel Density Estimation (1)
- Email Networks (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Granular matter (1)
- Heterogeneous composites (1)
- Hydrology (1)
Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Double-Pulse Nd:Yag-Co2 Libs Excitation For Bulk And Trace Analytes, Jason R. Becker, Patrick Skrodzki, Prasoon Diwakar, Sivanandan Harilal, Ahmed Hassanein
Double-Pulse Nd:Yag-Co2 Libs Excitation For Bulk And Trace Analytes, Jason R. Becker, Patrick Skrodzki, Prasoon Diwakar, Sivanandan Harilal, Ahmed Hassanein
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy [LIBS] is a commonly used technique for multi-element analyses for various applications such as space exploration, nuclear forensics, environmental analysis, process monitoring. The advantages of the LIBS technique include robustness, ease of use, field portability, and real-time, non-invasive multi-element analyses. However, in comparison to other lab based analytical techniques, it suffers from low precision and low sensitivity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, various approaches have been used, including double-pulse LIBS [DPLIBS]. Typically, various wavelength combinations of two Nd: yttrium aluminum garnet [YAG] lasers have been used for DPLIBS. However, the use of long wavelength (CO2 …
Vast 2014, Challenge One: Event Analysis Within Big Data, Isaac C. Sheeley, Jieqiong Zhao, Jing Xia, Shehzad Afzal, Joseph Christopher, David Ebert Dr.
Vast 2014, Challenge One: Event Analysis Within Big Data, Isaac C. Sheeley, Jieqiong Zhao, Jing Xia, Shehzad Afzal, Joseph Christopher, David Ebert Dr.
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
News articles and email conversation data could be very useful in the analysis of developing and ongoing events, such as preventing a potential threat or possibly even locating a missing person. There is currently no “one-size-fits-all” solution to visualizing diverse forms of datasets and their sheer sizes are far too great to efficiently analyze by brute force methods. However, using principles of Visual Analytics, it is possible to take this information overload and transform it into a useful tool to help increase the efficiency of event analysis. A visualization system was developed for email conversation networks using web technologies. An …
Precipitation Variability And Nitrogen Deposition Alter Root Distribution In A Tallgrass Prairie, Emmalyn P. Terracciano, Michael Schuster, Jeffrey Dukes
Precipitation Variability And Nitrogen Deposition Alter Root Distribution In A Tallgrass Prairie, Emmalyn P. Terracciano, Michael Schuster, Jeffrey Dukes
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Climate change and increases in nitrogen deposition impact ecosystems globally. Projected atmospheric warming allows rain to fall in larger events with longer dry periods in between, increasing rainfall variability in many regions. Concurrently, the combustion of fossil fuels and the heavy use of nitrogen fertilizers continue to increase the availability of nitrogen globally. However, not much is known about how these global change factors, increased rainfall variability and nitrogen deposition, interact with each other to affect ecosystem functions, particularly belowground where root production contributes to soil carbon pools- an important component in regulating climate. In order to study these factors, …
Using Stable Isotopes To Quantify Nitrogen Fates In Container Plants, Sam Raimann, Greg Michalski, Michael V. Mickelbart
Using Stable Isotopes To Quantify Nitrogen Fates In Container Plants, Sam Raimann, Greg Michalski, Michael V. Mickelbart
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Currently, in the agriculture field, it is not yet known the accurate amount of Nitrogen in fertilizer that plants take up. This statistic, known as the Nitrogen Use Efficiency is currently known to be within the 30-50% range (Lea-Cox and Ross, 2001). This is very important figure to know and it is a figure that can be improved, and therefore much time, energy, and resources can be saved. This research project will use concepts involving stable isotopes to examine red maple plant material and the soilless media that the plants were grown in. Three different isotope-labelled fertilizer treatments will be …
Cosmogenic Radionuclides In Ice Cores From West Antarctica, Zhijie Chen, Thomas Edward Woodruff, Marc W. Caffee
Cosmogenic Radionuclides In Ice Cores From West Antarctica, Zhijie Chen, Thomas Edward Woodruff, Marc W. Caffee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Cosmogenic nuclides such as 10Be and 26Al are formed in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and come down to the ground through snow which became ice in Antarctica. The concentrations of 10Be and 26Al in ice cores can reveal important information about climate change, solar activity and geomagnetic change in the past. They can also be used to date very old ice. Since there is very little 26Al in the ice, its actual concentration is poorly known and the measured results don’t agree with each other. My research is focused on the measurement of the …
Earth History Visualization System, Xinjie Lei, James G. Ogg
Earth History Visualization System, Xinjie Lei, James G. Ogg
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Time Scale Creator (TSCreator), a geological chart generator, displays any portion of Earth history including chemo- magneto-, and other aspects. TSCreator is used by many universities, petroleum companies, and international geological surveys. In order to improve the quality of Time Scale Creator, tools were developed to provide users with more friendly graphical user interfaces (GUIs), accurate scaling of specific isotope, internationalization of data input and output, and smart depth scaling in wells to age conversion. To implement such tools, research for algorithm and common methods was basically done by searching articles online and reading posts on forums for Java developers. …
Bayesian Calibration Tool, Sveinn Palsson, Martin Hunt, Alejandro Strachan
Bayesian Calibration Tool, Sveinn Palsson, Martin Hunt, Alejandro Strachan
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Fitting a model to data is common practice in many fields of science. The models may contain unknown parameters and often, the goal is to obtain good estimates of them. A variety of methods have been developed for this purpose. They often differ in complexity, efficiency and accuracy and some may have very limited applications. Bayesian inference methods have recently become popular for the purpose of calibrating model's parameters. The way they treat unknown quantities is completely different from any classical methods. Even though the unknown quantity is a constant, it is treated as a random variable and the desired …
Surgical Adhesive From Mussel Mimetic Polymer, Jenna Desousa, Cori Jenkins, Jonathan Wilker
Surgical Adhesive From Mussel Mimetic Polymer, Jenna Desousa, Cori Jenkins, Jonathan Wilker
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Injuries involving damaged tissues are currently repaired through an invasive technique involving the use of screws, plates and sutures as support, which can damage these tissues. The biomedical field currently lacks an adhesive that can replace harmful implants. A surgical adhesive can provide a quick and easy alternative, which will minimize the risk of damaging healthy tissue in surgery. Inspiration for such materials can be found by looking at marine mussels as they are able to stick to nearly any surface, even in wet environments. Marine mussels affix themselves to different surfaces using adhesive plaques consisting of various proteins. Polymer …
Doube-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Of Multi-Element Sample Containing Low- And High-Z Analytes, Patrick J. Skrodzki, Jason R. Becker, Prasoon K. Diwakar Ph. D., Sivanandan S. Harilal Ph. D., Ahmed Hassanein Ph. D.
Doube-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Of Multi-Element Sample Containing Low- And High-Z Analytes, Patrick J. Skrodzki, Jason R. Becker, Prasoon K. Diwakar Ph. D., Sivanandan S. Harilal Ph. D., Ahmed Hassanein Ph. D.
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a portable, remote, non-invasive analytical technique which effectively distinguishes neutral and ionic species for a range of low- to high-Z elements in a multi-element target. Subsequently, LIBS holds potential in special nuclear material (SNM) sensing and nuclear forensics requiring minimal sample preparation and detecting isotopic shifts which allows for differentiation in SNM (namely U) enrichment levels. Feasible applications include not only nonproliferation and homeland security but also nuclear fuel prospecting and industrial safeguard endorsement. Elements of higher mass with complex atomic structures, such as U, however, result in crowded emission spectra with LIBS, and characteristic …
Three-Dimensional Deformable Pore Networks, Jack W. Conrad, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
Three-Dimensional Deformable Pore Networks, Jack W. Conrad, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Porous structures in materials play a part in many areas of research and development. A couple of examples of this are extraction of water through aquifers and oil through fracking processes. Current understanding of the small scale fluid-fluid interactions in the structure of these porous materials stops at data of the two dimensional interface between the two fluids. This experiment aimed to create three dimensional, transparent, deformable micro-models which are expected allow us to obtain three dimensional data sets of the capillary pressure–saturation–interfacial area per volume relationship. The micro-models were synthesized using a grain deposition technique. Grains were formed using …
Evaluating Contaminants Of Emerging Concern In Commercial Biosolid-Based Fertilizers, John Hemmerling, Michael L. Mashtare, Linda S. Lee
Evaluating Contaminants Of Emerging Concern In Commercial Biosolid-Based Fertilizers, John Hemmerling, Michael L. Mashtare, Linda S. Lee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The production and popularity of commercially available biosolid-based fertilizers are increasing because of their economic, environmental, and plant nutrition benefits, particularly in urban and suburban areas. Because biosolid-based fertilizers are derived from waste water treatment plant residuals, we hypothesized that there is the potential for micropollutants to persist in these products. Their presence would be of particular concern due to their potential impact on human and ecological health and risk of bioaccumulation. This study involves quantifying contaminants of emerging concern in three biosolid-based fertilizers, and 2 non-biosolid-based fertilizers, a composted animal manure and an organic compost. Our extraction method employed …
Spatiotemporal Crime Analysis, James Q. Tay, Abish Malik, Sherry Towers, David Ebert
Spatiotemporal Crime Analysis, James Q. Tay, Abish Malik, Sherry Towers, David Ebert
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
There has been a rise in the use of visual analytic techniques to create interactive predictive environments in a range of different applications. These tools help the user sift through massive amounts of data, presenting most useful results in a visual context and enabling the person to rapidly form proactive strategies. In this paper, we present one such visual analytic environment that uses historical crime data to predict future occurrences of crimes, both geographically and temporally. Due to the complexity of this analysis, it is necessary to find an appropriate statistical method for correlative analysis of spatiotemporal data, as well …
Building Predictive Chemistry Models, Christopher Browne, Nicolas Onofrio, Alejandro Strachan
Building Predictive Chemistry Models, Christopher Browne, Nicolas Onofrio, Alejandro Strachan
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations allow for sophisticated modeling of chemical interactions, but the extreme computational cost makes it inviable for large scale applications. Molecular dynamics models, specifically ReaxFF, can model much larger simulations with greater speed, but with lesser accuracy. The accuracy of ReaxFF can be improved by comparing predictions of both methods and tuning ReaxFF’s parameters. Molecular capabilities of ReaxFF were gauged by simulating copper complexes in water over a 200 ps range, and comparing energy predictions against ReaxFF. To gauge solid state capabilities, volumetric strain was applied to simulated copper bulk and the strain response functions used …
Reconstructing A Large-Scale Attribute-Based Social Network, Weijia Luo, Mario Ventresca
Reconstructing A Large-Scale Attribute-Based Social Network, Weijia Luo, Mario Ventresca
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
An epidemic occurs when a disease rapidly infects substantially more people than expected compared to past experience of similar diseases. If an epidemic is not contained, it could turn into a pandemic, which will cause a worldwide crisis. Therefore, it is critical to determine and implement epidemic policies that are promising and effective within a short period of time. In this paper, we will develop tools that will allow us to recreate large-scale real-world social networks. Using such networks will enable us to simulate disease spread and determine critical personal and social factors that will be the key to containing …
Identifying Candidate Genes That Affect Epidermal Development, Christina J. Smith, Longfei Wang, Michael V. Mickelbart
Identifying Candidate Genes That Affect Epidermal Development, Christina J. Smith, Longfei Wang, Michael V. Mickelbart
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The regulation of stomata, pores on the epidermis of leaves that allow for gas exchange, is an ideal target for creating a plant capable of acclimating to environmental stresses such as drought. Changes in stomatal density (SD) are correlated with different environments, but the identity of genes that act as modulators of SD are mostly unknown. To identify transcription factors that may act as modulators of SD, T-DNA mutants of candidate transcription factors identified in a genome-wide association study were characterized, and one candidate mutant displaying a phenotype was further characterized for anatomical and physiological traits. Expression of Arabidopsis thaliana …
Improved Microrobotic Control Through Image Processing And Automated Hardware Interfacing, Archit R. Aggarwal, Wuming Jing, David J. Cappelleri
Improved Microrobotic Control Through Image Processing And Automated Hardware Interfacing, Archit R. Aggarwal, Wuming Jing, David J. Cappelleri
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Untethered submilliliter-sized robots (microrobots) are showing potential use in different industrial, manufacturing and medical applications. A particular type of these microrobots, magnetic robots, have shown improved performance in power and control capabilities compared to the other thermal and electrostatic based robots. However, the magnetic robot designs have not been assessed in a robust manner to understand the degree of control in different environments and their application feasibility. This research project seeks to develop a custom control software interface to provide a holistic tool for researchers to evaluate the microrobotic performance through advance control features. The software deliverable involved two main …
Granular Matter: Microstructural Evolution And Mechanical Response, Aashish Ghimire, Ishan Srivastava, Timothy S. Fisher
Granular Matter: Microstructural Evolution And Mechanical Response, Aashish Ghimire, Ishan Srivastava, Timothy S. Fisher
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Heterogeneous (nano) composites, manufactured by the densification of variously sized grains, represent an important and ubiquitous class of technologically relevant materials. Typical grain sizes in such materials range from macroscopic to a few nanometers. The morphology exhibited by such disordered materials is complex and intricately connected with its thermal and electrical transport properties. It is important to quantify the geometric features of these materials and simulate the fabrication process. Additionally, granular materials exhibit complex structural and mechanical properties that crucially govern their reliability during industrial use. In this work, we simulate the densification of soft deformable grains from a low-density …
Characterizing New Calibration Sources In Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Searches, Evan P. Bray, Rafael Lang, Sean Macmullin
Characterizing New Calibration Sources In Liquid Xenon Dark Matter Searches, Evan P. Bray, Rafael Lang, Sean Macmullin
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
In order to use the XENON1T liquid xenon detector as a means for detecting dark matter, the response to nuclear and electronic recoils must be well calibrated. Electronic-recoil calibration of XENON1T will be done by using the noble gas radon-220 that emanates from a custom thorium-228 source to observe the electron recoils that its daughter elements induce in liquid xenon. A silicon PIN diode was constructed to ensure that the Th228 source does not contaminate the system with the long-lived isotopes Th228 (T1/2 of 1.9 y) or Radium-224 (T1/2 of 3.6 d). The PIN diode was fixed in a custom …