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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Custom Calibration And Correction Of Photoemission Electron Microscope Images Using Graphene, Henry Bell May 2022

Custom Calibration And Correction Of Photoemission Electron Microscope Images Using Graphene, Henry Bell

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

The Photoemission Electron Microscope (PEEM) is a full-field electron microscope that utilizes the photoelectric effect to image a surface. Due to a spatial resolution on the order of 10 nanometers and its ability to image both the morphology of a surface and its band structure, it is a useful tool for understanding the properties of materials for use in electronic devices. To correct for random sample misalignment and the experimental frame of reference in the spectroscopy mode of the PEEM, the 3D dataset must be rotated in both the momentum and energy coordinates which requires pixel calibration and energy alignment. …


The Effects Of Hydrazine Monohydrate Surface Doping On Graphene, Christian M. Stewart May 2016

The Effects Of Hydrazine Monohydrate Surface Doping On Graphene, Christian M. Stewart

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

In this project we investigate how the carrier concentration and scattering time of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene samples are affected by the exposure of these samples to hydrazine monohydrate. We used both immersion techniques and vapor deposition techniques to surface dope our graphene samples. We use both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements to investigate these effects.We find that after surface doping CVD graphene samples, the electron concentration greatly increases while the scattering time is nearly unaffected. We also find that this doping process with hydrazine monohydrate is reversible.


Modelling Transient Terahertz Magneto-Spectroscopy Measurements Of P-Type Cvd Graphene Leading To A Negative Photoconductivity., Rhyan Foo Kune May 2015

Modelling Transient Terahertz Magneto-Spectroscopy Measurements Of P-Type Cvd Graphene Leading To A Negative Photoconductivity., Rhyan Foo Kune

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

Ultrafast Terahertz (THz) Magneto-Spectroscopy (UTMS) measurements were performed on p-type CVD graphene sample to investigate the intrinsic carrier dynamics of the material. We investigated static and time-resolved THz transmission measurements, in which the sample was photo-excited by a near infrared (NIR) pump pulse, in order to study its behavior in a magnetic field. In these measurements the free carriers were probed to independently measure the carrier density and scattering rate in this film. We observed, in our graphene sample, an increase in transmission related to a negative photoconductivity (decrease in conductivity after photoexcitation) consistent with previous research. This decrease is …


Mid-Ir Excitation Of Graphene, Andrew R. Banman, James Heyman May 2015

Mid-Ir Excitation Of Graphene, Andrew R. Banman, James Heyman

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

In this research we investigate how the conductivity of graphene changes in response to mid-infrared photoexcitation. Our p-type sample was formed through chemical vapor deposition. Pump/probe methodology produced the time-resolved Terahertz transmission, from which the photoconductivity was calculated. We probed the sample with energies above and below the Fermi energy, which was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our results support a model in which heating of the electron gas, leading to high carrier scattering rates, is responsible for a decrease in conductivity. We observe this negative photoconductivity at all pump energies, allowing us to rule out the possibility of …