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Cleveland State University

2018

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Articles 1 - 30 of 51

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Inequality, Rubber, And Thermodynamics In Indonesia, Ernest M. Oleksy Dec 2018

Inequality, Rubber, And Thermodynamics In Indonesia, Ernest M. Oleksy

The Downtown Review

Intersectionality has led the charge in ensuring that workplace justice is assured to all people, irrespective of their identities. While intersectionality is a useful theory for explaining inequality, what must not be understated is the contributions that postcolonialism and the blue-collar working identity can have on harsh working conditions. Particularly, miners in Indonesia have had to work in very hostile environments where they are at-risk for sulfur poisoning as they mine for materials to vulcanize rubber. This article serves two purposes. The first is to call attention to how place can help explain the differential experiences of miners in the …

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The Chemical Causes And Social Effects Of Acid Rain, Ernest M. Oleksy Dec 2018

The Chemical Causes And Social Effects Of Acid Rain, Ernest M. Oleksy

The Downtown Review

While global warming tends to dominate the collective conscious for environmentalism of academics and the public alike, many other physical phenomena bear serious implications for humanity's future. One such phenomenon, acid rain, has been under-reported considering how damaging it is to the ecosystem and how much politicking is involved when determining how to address it. This article serves two purposes. The first is to inform readers of the basic chemical processes underlying acid rain and why it is damaging to organisms. The second is to inform readers of how acid rain has been portrayed by other publications, like the National …

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The Theory Of Relativity And Applications: A Simple Introduction, Ellen Rea Dec 2018

The Theory Of Relativity And Applications: A Simple Introduction, Ellen Rea

The Downtown Review

This paper will provide a brief overview of the theory of relativity by looking at its two parts: special relativity and general relativity. It will omit most of the complex mathematics involved in order to focus on providing a more conceptual understanding. However, some simplified equations will be introduced to illustrate various aspects of the theory. Some of the experiments and scientific observations that support the theory as well as some of the scientific advances that emerged from the theory will also be discussed. Following the overview of the theory of relativity will be some of its applications in past …

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An Examination Of The Death Penalty, Alexandra N. Kremer Dec 2018

An Examination Of The Death Penalty, Alexandra N. Kremer

The Downtown Review

The death penalty, or capital punishment, is the use of execution through hanging, beheading, drowning, gas chambers, lethal injection, and electrocution among others in response to a crime. This has spurred much debate on whether it should be used for reasons such as ethics, revenge, economics, effectiveness as a deterrent, and constitutionality. Capital punishment has roots that date back to the 18th century B.C., but, as of 2016, has been abolished in law or practice by more than two thirds of the world’s countries and several states within the United States. Here, the arguments for and against the death …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt(Ii) N,N′‑Diphenylazodioxide Complexes, Kylin A. Emhoff, Lakshmi Balaraman, Sydney R. Simpson, Michael L. Stromyer, Haitham F. Kalil, James R. Beemiller, Philipp Sikatzki, Teya S. Eshelman, Ahmed M.H. Salem, Michael A. Debord, Matthew J. Panzer, Wiley J. Youngs, W. Christropher Boyd Nov 2018

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt(Ii) N,N′‑Diphenylazodioxide Complexes, Kylin A. Emhoff, Lakshmi Balaraman, Sydney R. Simpson, Michael L. Stromyer, Haitham F. Kalil, James R. Beemiller, Philipp Sikatzki, Teya S. Eshelman, Ahmed M.H. Salem, Michael A. Debord, Matthew J. Panzer, Wiley J. Youngs, W. Christropher Boyd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Removal of chloride from CoCl2 with TlPF6 in acetonitrile, followed by addition of excess nitrosobenzene, yielded the eight-coordinate cobalt(II) complex salt [Co{Ph(O)NN(O)- Ph}4](PF6)2, shown by single-crystal X-ray analysis to have a distorted tetragonal geometry. The analogous treatment of the bipyridyl complex Co(bpy)Cl2 yielded the mixed-ligand cobalt(II) complex salt [Co(bpy){Ph(O)NN(O)Ph}2](PF6)2, whose singlecrystal X-ray structure displays a trigonal prismatic geometry, similar to that of the iron(II) cation in the previously known complex salt [Fe{Ph(O)NN(O)Ph}3](FeCl4)2. The use of TlPF6 to generate …

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Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Via Stacked Extreme Learning Machine With Generalized Correntropy, Xiong Luo, Jiankun Sun, Long Wang, Weiping Wang, Wenbing Zhao, Jinsong Wu, Jenq-Haur Wang, Zijun Zhang Nov 2018

Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting Via Stacked Extreme Learning Machine With Generalized Correntropy, Xiong Luo, Jiankun Sun, Long Wang, Weiping Wang, Wenbing Zhao, Jinsong Wu, Jenq-Haur Wang, Zijun Zhang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, wind speed forecasting as an effective computing technique plays an important role in advancing industry informatics, while dealing with these issues of control and operation for renewable power systems. However, it is facing some increasing difficulties to handle the large-scale dataset generated in these forecasting applications, with the purpose of ensuring stable computing performance. In response to such limitation, this paper proposes a more practical approach through the combination of extreme-learning machine (ELM) method and deep-learning model. ELM is a novel computing paradigm that enables the neural network (NN) based learning to be achieved with fast training speed and …

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With-In Host Dynamics Of L. Monocytogenes And Thresholds For Distinct Infection Scenarios, Ashrafur Rahman, Daniel Munther, Aamir Fazil, Ben Smith, Jianhong Wu Oct 2018

With-In Host Dynamics Of L. Monocytogenes And Thresholds For Distinct Infection Scenarios, Ashrafur Rahman, Daniel Munther, Aamir Fazil, Ben Smith, Jianhong Wu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

The case fatality and illness rates associated with L. monocytogenes continue to pose a serious public health burden despite the significant efforts and control protocol administered by private and public sectors. Due to the advance in surveillance and improvement in detection methodology, the knowledge of sources, transmission routes, growth potential in food process units and storage, effect of pH and temperature are well understood. However, the with-in host growth and transmission mechanisms of L. monocytogenes, particularly within the human host, remain unclear, largely due to the limited access to scientific experimentation on the human population. In order to provide insight …

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Synthesis And Evaluation Of Protein-Phenylboronic Acid Conjugates As Lectin Mimetics, Joshua Whited, Czharena Kay Rama, Xue-Long Sun Oct 2018

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Protein-Phenylboronic Acid Conjugates As Lectin Mimetics, Joshua Whited, Czharena Kay Rama, Xue-Long Sun

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Glycan-binding molecules, such as lectins, are very important tools for characterizing, imaging, or targeting glycans and are often involved in either physiological or pathological processes. However, their availability is far less compared to the diversity of native glycans. Therefore, development of lectin mimetics with desired specificity and affinity is in high demand. Boronic acid reacts with 1,2- and 1,3-diols of saccharides in aqueous media through reversible boronate ester formation and are regarded as synthetic lectin mimetics. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-phenylboronic acid (PBA) conjugates were synthesized in a density-controlled manner by targeting both aspartic and glutamic acids to …

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Cmaps: A Chess-Based Multi-Facet Password Scheme For Mobile Devices, Ye Zhu, Jonathan Gurary, George Corser, Jared Oluoch, Nahed Alnahash, Huirong Fu, Junhua Tang Sep 2018

Cmaps: A Chess-Based Multi-Facet Password Scheme For Mobile Devices, Ye Zhu, Jonathan Gurary, George Corser, Jared Oluoch, Nahed Alnahash, Huirong Fu, Junhua Tang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

It has long been recognized, by both security researchers and human-computer interaction researchers, that no silver bullet for authentication exists to achieve security, usability, and memorability. Aiming to achieve the goals, we propose a Multi-fAcet Password Scheme (MAPS) for mobile authentication. MAPS fuses information from multiple facets to form a password, allowing MAPS to enlarge the password space and improve memorability by reducing memory interference, which impairs memory performance according to psychology interference theory. The information fusion in MAPS can increase usability, as fewer input gestures are required for passwords of the same security strength. Based on the idea of …

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Collective Dynamics Of Two-Dimensional Swimming Bacteria: Experiments And Models, Gil Ariel, Marina Sidortsov, Shawn D. Ryan, Sebastian Heidenreich, Markus Baer, Avraham Be'er Sep 2018

Collective Dynamics Of Two-Dimensional Swimming Bacteria: Experiments And Models, Gil Ariel, Marina Sidortsov, Shawn D. Ryan, Sebastian Heidenreich, Markus Baer, Avraham Be'er

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

The physical properties of collectively swimming bacteria have been thoroughly investigated both experimentally and theoretically using simulations. While models successfully predict some aspects of the dynamics observed in experiments, both models and experiments vary in their underlying assumptions and physical conditions. Hence, it is not clear which models are appropriate for which experimental setups. Here, we study, both experimentally and using two types of models (agent-based and continuous), the statistics of two strains of Serratia marcescens, wild-type and a nontumbling strain, swimming on a two-dimensional monolayer at varying concentrations. The experimental setup allows for a direct comparison with simulation results. …

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Manganese Oxide/Hemin-Functionalized Graphene As A Platform For Peroxynitrite Sensing, Haitham F. Kalil, Shaimaa Maher, Tiyash Bose, Mekki Bayachou Aug 2018

Manganese Oxide/Hemin-Functionalized Graphene As A Platform For Peroxynitrite Sensing, Haitham F. Kalil, Shaimaa Maher, Tiyash Bose, Mekki Bayachou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−, PON) is a powerful oxidizing agent generated in vivo by the diffusion-limited reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2˙−) radicals. Under oxidative stress, cumulated peroxynitrite levels are associated with chronic inflammatory disorders and other pathophysiological conditions. The accurate detection of peroxynitrite in biological systems is important, not only to understand the genesis and development of diseases, but also to explore and design potential therapeutics. Herein, a manganese oxide/hemin-modified graphene interface is explored as a platform for peroxynitrite amperometric detection. Hemin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide was further modified with manganese oxide nanoparticles to provide a …

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A New Research Approach For Observing And Characterizing Land-Atmosphere Feedback, Volker Wulfmeyer, David D. Turner, B. Baker, R. Banta, A. Behrendt, T. Bonin, W. A. Brewer, M. Buban, A. Choukulkar, R. Dumas, R. M. Hardesty, T. Heus, J. Ingwersen, D. Lange, T. R. Lee, S. Metzendorf, S. K. Muppa, T. Meyers, R. Newsom, M. Osman, S. Raasch, J. Santanello, C. Senff, F. Späth, T. Wagner, T. Weckwerth Aug 2018

A New Research Approach For Observing And Characterizing Land-Atmosphere Feedback, Volker Wulfmeyer, David D. Turner, B. Baker, R. Banta, A. Behrendt, T. Bonin, W. A. Brewer, M. Buban, A. Choukulkar, R. Dumas, R. M. Hardesty, T. Heus, J. Ingwersen, D. Lange, T. R. Lee, S. Metzendorf, S. K. Muppa, T. Meyers, R. Newsom, M. Osman, S. Raasch, J. Santanello, C. Senff, F. Späth, T. Wagner, T. Weckwerth

Physics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Advancing Risk Assessment: Mechanistic Dose-Response Modelling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection In Human Populations, Ashrafur Rahman, Daniel Munther, Aamir Fazil, Ben Smith, Jianhong Wu Aug 2018

Advancing Risk Assessment: Mechanistic Dose-Response Modelling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Infection In Human Populations, Ashrafur Rahman, Daniel Munther, Aamir Fazil, Ben Smith, Jianhong Wu

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. The utility of characterizing the effects of strain variation and individual/subgroup susceptibility on dose-response outcomes has motivated the search for new approaches beyond the popular use of the exponential dose-response model for listeriosis. While descriptive models can account for such variation, they have limited power to extrapolate beyond the details of particular outbreaks. By contrast, this study exhibits dose-response relationships from a mechanistic basis, quantifying key biological factors involved in pathogen-host dynamics. An …

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Entropy Driven Phase Transition In Polymer Gels: Mean Field Theory, Miron Kaufman Jul 2018

Entropy Driven Phase Transition In Polymer Gels: Mean Field Theory, Miron Kaufman

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a mean field model of a gel consisting of P polymers, each of length L and Nz polyfunctional monomers. Each polyfunctional monomer forms z covalent bonds with the 2P bifunctional monomers at the ends of the linear polymers. We find that the entropy dependence on the number of polyfunctional monomers exhibits an abrupt change at Nz = 2P/z due to the saturation of possible crosslinks. This non-analytical dependence of entropy on the number of polyfunctionals generates a first-order phase transition between two gel phases: one poor and the other rich in poly-functional molecules.

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An Optimization Of Virtual Machine Selection And Placement By Using Memory Content Similarity For Server Consolidation In Cloud, Huixi Li, Wenjun Li, Haodong Wang, Jianxin Wang Jul 2018

An Optimization Of Virtual Machine Selection And Placement By Using Memory Content Similarity For Server Consolidation In Cloud, Huixi Li, Wenjun Li, Haodong Wang, Jianxin Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Optimizing the virtual machine (VM) migration is an important issue of server consolidation in the cloud data center. By leveraging the content similarity among the memory of VMs, the time and the amount of transferred data in VM migration, as well as the pressure of network traffic, can be reduced. There are two problems in server consolidation: (1) determining which VMs should be migrated from the overloaded hosts (VM selection problem) and (2) how to place these VMs to the destination hosts (VM placement problem). By exploiting the content similarity, we redefine the above two problems into one problem to …

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N-Glycosylation In The Protease Domain Of Trypsin-Like Serine Proteases Mediates Calnexin-Assisted Protein Folding, Hao Wang, Shuo Li, Juejin Wang, Shenghan Chen, Xue-Long Sun, Qingyu Wu Jun 2018

N-Glycosylation In The Protease Domain Of Trypsin-Like Serine Proteases Mediates Calnexin-Assisted Protein Folding, Hao Wang, Shuo Li, Juejin Wang, Shenghan Chen, Xue-Long Sun, Qingyu Wu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Trypsin-like serine proteases are essential in physiological processes. Studies have shown that N-glycans are important for serine protease expression and secretion, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report a common mechanism of N-glycosylation in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin in calnexin-mediated glycoprotein folding and extracellular expression. This mechanism, which is independent of calreticulin and operates in a domain-autonomous manner, involves two steps: direct calnexin binding to target proteins and subsequent calnexin binding to monoglucosylated N-glycans. Elimination of N-glycosylation sites in the protease domains of corin, enteropeptidase and prothrombin inhibits corin and enteropeptidase cell surface …

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On Threshold-Free Error Detection For Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, Jianliang Gao, Jianxin Wang, Ping Zhong, Haodong Wang May 2018

On Threshold-Free Error Detection For Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, Jianliang Gao, Jianxin Wang, Ping Zhong, Haodong Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

One of the important sources for big data is the datasets collected by wireless sensor networks. However, errors in sensor data could result in serious damages in industrial applications. Therefore, error detection plays a crucial role in industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs). Existing approaches of error detection are generally threshold-based, which rely on a predetermined threshold to judge whether a reading is erroneous. The threshold-based approaches, however, often fail to balance between detection accuracy and false alarm rate. It is thus difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a proper threshold for various errors in real-world applications. Motivated by this consideration, …

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The Ethics In Synthetics: Statistics In The Service Of Ethics And Law In Health-Related Research In Big Data From Multiple Sources, Sharon Bassan Ph.D., Ofer Harel Ph.D. May 2018

The Ethics In Synthetics: Statistics In The Service Of Ethics And Law In Health-Related Research In Big Data From Multiple Sources, Sharon Bassan Ph.D., Ofer Harel Ph.D.

Journal of Law and Health

An ethical advancement of scientific knowledge demands a delicate equilibrium between benefits and harms, in particular in health-related research. When applying and advancing scientific knowledge or technologies, Article 4 of UNESCO’s Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, ethically justifiable research requires maximizing direct and indirect benefits and minimizing possible harms. The National Institution of Health [NIH] Data Sharing Policy and Implementation Guidance similarly states that data necessary for drawing valid conclusions and advancing medical research should be made as widely and freely available as possible (in order to share the benefits) while safeguarding the privacy of participants from potentially …

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Generalized Multiplicities Of Edge Ideals, Alie Alilooee, Ivan Soprunov, Javid Validashti May 2018

Generalized Multiplicities Of Edge Ideals, Alie Alilooee, Ivan Soprunov, Javid Validashti

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

We explore connections between the generalized multiplicities of square-free monomial ideals and the combinatorial structure of the underlying hypergraphs using methods of commutative algebra and polyhedral geometry. For instance, we show that the j-multiplicity is multiplicative over the connected components of a hypergraph, and we explicitly relate the j-multiplicity of the edge ideal of a properly connected uniform hypergraph to the Hilbert–Samuel multiplicity of its special fiber ring. In addition, we provide general bounds for the generalized multiplicities of the edge ideals and compute these invariants for classes of uniform hypergraphs.

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Reducing Transport Latency For Short Flows With Multipath Tcp, Pingping Dong, Wenjun Yang, Wensheng Tang, Jiawei Huang, Haodong Wang, Yi Pan, Jianxin Wang Apr 2018

Reducing Transport Latency For Short Flows With Multipath Tcp, Pingping Dong, Wenjun Yang, Wensheng Tang, Jiawei Huang, Haodong Wang, Yi Pan, Jianxin Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) has been an emerging transport protocol that provides network resilience to failures and improves throughput by splitting a data stream into multiple subflows across all the available multiple paths. While MPTCP is generally beneficial for throughput-sensitive large flows with large number of subflows, it may be harmful for latency-sensitive small flows. MPTCP assigns each subflow a congestion window, making short flows susceptible to timeout when a flow only contains a few packets. This condition becomes even worse when the paths have heterogeneous characteristics as packet reordering occurs and the slow paths can be used with MPTCP, causing …

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Mixing Enhancement In Serpentine Micromixers With A Non-Rectangular Cross-Section, Joshua Clark, Miron Kaufman, Petru S. Fodor Mar 2018

Mixing Enhancement In Serpentine Micromixers With A Non-Rectangular Cross-Section, Joshua Clark, Miron Kaufman, Petru S. Fodor

Physics Faculty Publications

In this numerical study, a new type of serpentine micromixer involving mixing units with a non-rectangular cross-section is investigated. Similar to other serpentine/spiral shaped micromixers, the design exploits the formation of transversal vortices (Dean flows) in pressure-driven systems, associated with the centrifugal forces experienced by the fluid as it is confined to move along curved geometries. In contrast with other previous designs, though, the use of non-rectangular cross-sections that change orientation between mixing units is exploited to control the center of rotation of the transversal flows formed. The associated extensional flows that thus develop between the mixing segments complement the …

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A Galactomannoglucan Derived From Agaricus Brasiliensis: Purification, Characterization And Macrophage Activation Via Mapk And Ikappab/Nfkappab Pathways, Yanqing Zhang, Danting Liu, Leilei Fang, Xiaotong Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Junbo Xie Jan 2018

A Galactomannoglucan Derived From Agaricus Brasiliensis: Purification, Characterization And Macrophage Activation Via Mapk And Ikappab/Nfkappab Pathways, Yanqing Zhang, Danting Liu, Leilei Fang, Xiaotong Zhao, Aimin Zhou, Junbo Xie

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, a novel galactomannoglucan named as TJ2 was isolated from Agaricus brasiliensis with microwave extraction, macroporous resin, ion exchange resin and high resolution gel chromatography. TJ2 is composed of glucose, mannose and galactose in the ratio 99.2:0.2:0.6. Infrared spectra (IR), methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated that TJ2 mainly contained a b-(1?3) – linked glucopyranosyl backbone. Interestingly, TJ2 significantly promoted RAW264.7 cell proliferation, and was able to activate the cells to engulf E. coli. In addition, TJ2 induced the expression of Interleukin 1b (IL-1b), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in …

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Wulff Shapes And A Characterization Of Simplices Via A Bezout Type Inequality, Christos Saroglou, Ivan Soprunov, Artem Zvavitch Jan 2018

Wulff Shapes And A Characterization Of Simplices Via A Bezout Type Inequality, Christos Saroglou, Ivan Soprunov, Artem Zvavitch

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Inspired by a fundamental theorem of Bernstein, Kushnirenko, and Khovanskii we study the following Bezout type inequality for mixed volumes V(L1,...,Ln)Vn(K) ≤ V(L1,K[n-1])V(L2,..., L{n},K). We show that the above inequality characterizes simplices, i.e. if K is a convex body satisfying the inequality for all convex bodies L1, ..., Ln ⊂ Rn, then K must be an n-dimensional simplex. The main idea of the proof is to …

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Development Of Bioanalytical Methods For Quantitative Measurement Of Anticancer Agents, Sandeep R. Kunati Jan 2018

Development Of Bioanalytical Methods For Quantitative Measurement Of Anticancer Agents, Sandeep R. Kunati

ETD Archive

The ever-growing need to develop new anticancer agents due to increased incidence of cancer and its recurrence has led to a broad range of investigational efforts in anticancer research. Drug discovery and development processes involve evaluations of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of potential drug candidates in order to assess their safety, toxicity, and efficacy profiles. By providing sensitivity, assay precision, reliability, and high-throughput, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool in quantitative and qualitative analysis, from early-stage drug discovery and development processes to routine laboratory analysis. Development of bioanalytical methods requires knowledge of separation science with instrumentation, data interpretation and …

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Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited Jan 2018

Biomimetic Macromolecules For Macrophage Targeting And Modulation, Joshua Whited

ETD Archive

Carbohydrate recognition has come to the forefront of biological aiming to uncover the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes. Cell surface glycans are involved in processes including cellular adhesion, cell signaling, and immune response. A new approach for profiling cell surface glycans has great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications. Lectins have been conventionally used to determine the structure and function of glycoproteins, however, their numbers are still restricted compared to the number of glycan structures. Boronic acid has proven a remarkable small molecule capable of binding diols in aqueous solution. This interaction indicates boronic acid derived molecules …

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Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Small Molecular Drug Candidates For The Treatment Of Her2 Overexpressed Breast Cancer, Anran Zhao Jan 2018

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Small Molecular Drug Candidates For The Treatment Of Her2 Overexpressed Breast Cancer, Anran Zhao

ETD Archive

In the US breast cancer is the most common cancer after skin cancer. Currently in the US the average risk of a woman to develop breast cancer in her life is roughly 12%. About 25-30% of breast cancer patients have HER2 overexpressed tumor, and the growth of tumor cell is depend on HER2 pathway. It has been well-documented that patients with over-expressed HER2 are associated with increased disease recurrence, worse prognosis and lower survival. Currently there are two type of HER2 targeting drug. The first group is HER2 monoclonal antibody drugs such as trastuzumab approved by FDA in 1998; the …

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Quantitative Analysis Of Bleomycin In Rat Plasma By Lc-Ms/Ms, Huawen Li Jan 2018

Quantitative Analysis Of Bleomycin In Rat Plasma By Lc-Ms/Ms, Huawen Li

ETD Archive

Bleomycin is the most commonly used compound in its group of antineoplastic drugs. It works on tumor cells by single and double stranded DNA cleavage after its activation, in which it blocks tumor cells’ DNA replication or transcription activities to inhibit tumor cells’ growth. Bleomycin sulfate (Blenoxane) is the most popular preparation used in clinical research, and contains Bleomycin fractions of A2 and B2, which causes difficulties in quantitative analysis. This work uses the metal chelating property of Bleomycin as an advantage to simplify and improve sensitivity of existing quantitative methods. Copper was spiked in excess to plasma samples, followed …

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Computational Investigation Of Protein Assemblies, Sm Bargeen Alam Turzo Jan 2018

Computational Investigation Of Protein Assemblies, Sm Bargeen Alam Turzo

ETD Archive

Selective nitrosylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) at Cys-247 affects gene regulation through the interferon-gamma (IFN- γ) activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT) complex. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDLox) and INF-γ induce assembly of the nitrosylase complex composed of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), S100A8, and S100A9 proteins. Crystal structure of the complex of GAPDH and S100A8A9 is not known, structural prediction method were employed by protein-protein docking and binding energy calculation with PatchDock and FIREDock respectively. Candidate models were selected, based on a weight factor calculated, from the computational method developed from the "artificial protease" cleavage mapping Fe(III) (s)-1-(p- …

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Oxidation Of Ferrocene Derivatives With Dibenzoyl Peroxide And Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid, Jos M. Halstead Jan 2018

Oxidation Of Ferrocene Derivatives With Dibenzoyl Peroxide And Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid, Jos M. Halstead

ETD Archive

The chemical oxidation of ferrocene and related derivatives (RFc) via organic peroxides solvated in acetonitrile was studied spectrophotometrically by varying concentration and temperature to determine kinetics and activation parameters. The reaction rate of ferrocene with dibenzoyl peroxide depends strongly on whether electron withdrawing or donating substituents are present. Products were analyzed and the effect of different solvents on reactivity were studied. The rate law was first order in both oxidant and reductant, and steric and solvent effects are consistent with outer sphere electron transfer (ET) as the rate-controlling step. B3YLP calculations were conducted to determine reorganization energies using Marcus theory …

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Model Chemistry Study Of Choline And Urea Based Deep Eutectic Solvents, Libby Nicole Kellat Jan 2018

Model Chemistry Study Of Choline And Urea Based Deep Eutectic Solvents, Libby Nicole Kellat

ETD Archive

Gaussian and GaussView software were utilized to characterize interactions between choline salts and urea, which form a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The initial system studied was choline chloride and urea, at a 1:2 molar ratio, which is also known as reline. Subsequent systems, substituting the chloride anion with other anions (fluoride, bromide, and hydroxide), were studied to show that the system with greater calculated strength of interaction will have more non-ideal physical properties, such as melting point (found in literature). Observations regarding structure related to counterion electron density and hydrogen bonding were made throughout the studies.

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