Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

In this conceptual article, we discuss how the conventional experience sampling method (ESM) was applied to a qualitative research project to increase participants’ agency and empowerment during data collection. Specifically we outline the conceptual and methodological tensions, complexities, and power shifts that emerged during our data-collection process. Research examples illustrate the location of knowers (researchers and study participants), the knowers’ relationship to various tangible objects of research (e.g., protocols, digital devices), and how these notions shape power and data that is constructed within a research study. We conclude that it is important to analyze and reflect on how researchers conduct …