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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An Analysis Of The Dry Matter Intake And Rate Of Live-Weight Gain Of Growing Cattle Fed Forage Diets, J G. Buchanan-Smith
An Analysis Of The Dry Matter Intake And Rate Of Live-Weight Gain Of Growing Cattle Fed Forage Diets, J G. Buchanan-Smith
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The intake and rate of live-weight gain of 500 growing steer calves fed experimental forage diets in 7 trials were compared with corresponding values predicted using the Na1ional Research Council (NRC) model (1984). The cattle were predominantly weaned calves and most of the experimental diets were alfalfa-grass silage, either unsupplemented or supplemented with various protein sources, but some diets were based on maize silage or maize grain. The feeding period evaluated in this study ranged between the first 84 and 147 days when protein accretion rate in the cattle would be relatively high. Dry matter intakes were overpredicted by the …
Quantification Of Nutrients Consumed And Utilized By Holstein Cows Grazing Grass Pastures In The North-Eastern Usa, Lisa A. Holden, L D. Muller, G A. Varga, S L. Fales
Quantification Of Nutrients Consumed And Utilized By Holstein Cows Grazing Grass Pastures In The North-Eastern Usa, Lisa A. Holden, L D. Muller, G A. Varga, S L. Fales
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Managing the nutrition of high producing dairy cows on pasture in the north-eastern USA is challenging owing to difficulty in accurately estimating intake and In determining nutrient utilisation by grazing dairy cows. In Trial 1, 16 lactating Holstein cows were used to estimate intake with an intensively grazed orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture with 2 stocking rates of 2.S and 3,9 cows/ha in a 24 week grazing season. Cows were fed a grain supplement which comprised about 35% of the diet dry matter. Chromium oxide was used as an external marker in faeces, Results of Trial 1 indicated total …
Utilization Of Tall Fescue In Pure Stand, In Association With White Clover And In Complex Mixtures, S Badoux
Utilization Of Tall Fescue In Pure Stand, In Association With White Clover And In Complex Mixtures, S Badoux
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was cultivated in pure stand, in association with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and in various complex grass-legume mixtures. Forage yield and quality were always higher in associations with white clover than in tall fescue pure stands. However, under dry conditions, the balance between the two components was difficult to maintain. In more complex mixtures cocksfoot and tall fescue tended to become dominant and to produce a forage of lower quality. In mixtures of long duration, we replaced meadow fescue by tall fescue. Total yield over 3 years was improved; the digestibility of …
Foraging Strategies Of Ruminant Livestock On Intensively Managed Grasslands: Potential And Constraints, I J. Gordon, C Lascano
Foraging Strategies Of Ruminant Livestock On Intensively Managed Grasslands: Potential And Constraints, I J. Gordon, C Lascano
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
All grazed swards exhibit heterogeneity in the spatial (horizontal and vertical) dispersion of species/biomass. A herbivore foraging at random within such a heterogeneous environment would ingest less nutrients than wou Id one which exploited the heterogeneity on offer through selective grazing. The suite of decision-making processes involved in the selective grazing we observe is termed the animal's foraging strategy. On first observation, intensively managed sown swards appear to offer little opportunity for a herbivore to exhibit a foraging strategy; however, opporlunities do exist and there is empirical evidence that herbivores foraging on sown swards tend to have a diet higher …
A Conceptual Model To Explain Variation In Ingestive Behavior Within A Feeding Patch, Emilio M. Laca, M W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs
A Conceptual Model To Explain Variation In Ingestive Behavior Within A Feeding Patch, Emilio M. Laca, M W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A conceptual model is presented that links the mechanics of bite formation to the characteristics of the sward to explain variation in bite weight, bite area, bite depth and biting rate measured in a series of experiments with hand-constructed swards. Bite area is determined by the behaviour used by the animal to collect and grasp the tillers, and the length and stiffness of the sward, Bite depth is affected by height and the degree of vertical heterogeneity in stiffness. Time per bite is controlled by bite weight. These mechanisms of bite formation and time per bite ex.plain many observed effects, …
Selective Behaviour Of Cattle Grazing Ryegrass Swards With Horizontal Heterogeneity In Patch Height And Bulk Density, Montague W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs, E A. Laca, G P. Deo
Selective Behaviour Of Cattle Grazing Ryegrass Swards With Horizontal Heterogeneity In Patch Height And Bulk Density, Montague W. Demment, R A. Distel, T C. Griggs, E A. Laca, G P. Deo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Patches of different height and/or bulk density were created in ryegrass pasture to study selective responses of steers to horizontal variability in patch structure. The experiment involved 3 heterogeneity treatments with 2 patch types each. Steers encountered and entered both patch types available in each treatment with the same frequency. In contrast, they grazed for a longer time (T,) at; and removed more bites (B) from the patch type that yielded greater intake rates. While T, and B varied for a patch type depending on the alternative patch, bite rate and likely bite size were constant for a given patch …
Diet Selection, Diet Quality, Dry Matter Intake And Growth Rate Of Cattle Grazing Tropical Grass-Legume, D B. Coates, A J. Ash, R W. Mclean
Diet Selection, Diet Quality, Dry Matter Intake And Growth Rate Of Cattle Grazing Tropical Grass-Legume, D B. Coates, A J. Ash, R W. Mclean
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Dietary attributes and growth of cattle grazing tropical grass-legume pastures were ex.amined in 2 experiments in northern Queensland. Pastures oversown with legume gave substantial improvements in dietary ,nitrogen, digestibility and dry mauer intake compared with native 1rass pasture. On phosphorus (P)-deficient soils, applying P fertiliser or supplementing with P, improved P jntake, feed intake and growth rate of .cattle. Once nitrogen and P deficiencies were overcome, it was com:luded that diet digestibility was the main factor limiting the growth. of cattle and that the severity of this limitation was determined primarily by seasonal conditions.
Use Of A Simple Model Of Continuous And Rotational Grazing To Compare Herbage Consumption, Simon J.R Woodward, G `C Wake, D G. Mccall, A B. Pleasants
Use Of A Simple Model Of Continuous And Rotational Grazing To Compare Herbage Consumption, Simon J.R Woodward, G `C Wake, D G. Mccall, A B. Pleasants
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A simple mathematical model (a linear dynamical system) was constructed to predict herbage consumption by grazing animals. This model was used to compare 3 grazing methods over a range of stocking rates at low pasture mass. The grazing methods compared were: continuous grazing (CTS), rotational grazing with equal time intervals (BQ), and rotational grazing where the time of shift was optimal for maximising intake (OPT). The rotational methods were the simplest possible, the land being subdivided into 2 fields, each of which was grazed once. The order of grazing the fields was also considered. The model predicts (I) that at …
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa, D V. Paulsmeier, J H.F Meyer
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa, D V. Paulsmeier, J H.F Meyer
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A comparison between ryegrass, clover and a ryegrass-clover mixture was made in terms of animal production and possible limitations on intake. The occurrence of bloat on leguminous pastures restricts the use of these species in pasture systems in southern Africa. Highest average daily gains of 215 g were obtained on the clover pastures while average daily gains on ryegrass were I 63 g. Low specific gravity of the rumen content of sheep grazing pure clover, 0.62 kg/I, indicated gas formation in the rumen. On the ryegrass-clover mixture,· the influence of the lower degradability of ryegrass (P= S3.8%) effectively eliminated possible …
Effect Of Varying Trace Elements Intakes On Their Concentrations In The Skeleton Of Grazing Sheep, N D. Grace, J Lee
Effect Of Varying Trace Elements Intakes On Their Concentrations In The Skeleton Of Grazing Sheep, N D. Grace, J Lee
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The trace mineral composition of the skeleton was studied in 42 Romney wether lambs, which were divided into 7 treatment groups· and grazed on a ryegrass-white clove. pasture. The trace element intakes were increased by drenching daily with various salt solutions. Treatments were (a) control distilled water (b) 8 mg Cu (c) 580 mg Fe (d) 350 mg Mn (e) 2 mg Mo (f) 0.08 mg Se and (g) 30 mg Zn. Treatments had no significant effect on the mean DM intakes (1.2 kg/day) or live-weight gains (178 g/day). Increasing the Mo, Se and Mn, intakes increased their concentrations in …
Applications Of Height-Based Grazing Management In Mixed Swards, A Singh, J E. Johnston, E A. Clark
Applications Of Height-Based Grazing Management In Mixed Swards, A Singh, J E. Johnston, E A. Clark
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Grazing efficiency and livestock performance were compared on swards rotationally grazed down to either 50 or 100 mm for three years. With a fixed entry height of 200-250 mm, standing swards of mixed grasses and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were stratified into 50 mm vertical layers both pre- and post-grazing. Through four or five cycles of grazing each year for three years, a fixed entry height range stabilized total standing herbage at 3250 to 3690 kg OM ha-1. Organic matter on-offer above 100 mm was 36, 45, and 43% of total standing herbage in the three years, compared …
Intake Of High Producing Holstein Cows Grazing Pasture Or Fed A Total Mixed Ration, E S. Kolver, L D. Muller
Intake Of High Producing Holstein Cows Grazing Pasture Or Fed A Total Mixed Ration, E S. Kolver, L D. Muller
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The ability of a pasture diet to support a high dry matter intake without supplementary feed was determined using 16 high producing Holstein cows. Cows (n=8) were adapted to an all-pasture diet by incrementally reducing the amount of total mixed ration (TMR) fed over four weeks. A control group of cows (n=8) remained in confinement and were fed a TMR. Performance of grazing cows differed significantly (P < 0.001) from TMR fed cows by intake (19.0 vs. 23.4 kg DM/d), milk production (29.6 vs. 44.1 kg/d), milk protein content (2.61 vs. 2.80%), liveweight (562.1 vs. 597.3 kg), and condition score (2.02 vs. 2.50). Results indicate that intake of good quality pasture is higher than previously estimated for high producing Holstein cows in the USA, but that milk production is 15 kg/d less than when cows are fed a TMR.
Milk Production And Feed Intake At Different Stocking Rates In An Intensive Grazing System, Y Togamura, K Ochiai, S Shioya, K Otsuki
Milk Production And Feed Intake At Different Stocking Rates In An Intensive Grazing System, Y Togamura, K Ochiai, S Shioya, K Otsuki
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The purpose of this research was to determine milk productivity from pasture, using dairy cows of higher performance (>7500 kg for a 305-day lactation) in an intensive grazing system. In both 1993 and 1994 two groups of 3 cows each were grazed from spring to autumn: one group in 1.1 ha (LS) and the other group in 0.65 ha (HS) pasture. A different part of each pasture was cut for hay or silage twice a year. Concentrate and roughage were supplied according to the nutrient requirement of the cows. Milk production from grazed and harvested herbage of the LS …
Effect Of Grazing Pressure And Supplemental Level On Weight Gain In Dairy Heifers, J M. Mieres, Y M. Acosta
Effect Of Grazing Pressure And Supplemental Level On Weight Gain In Dairy Heifers, J M. Mieres, Y M. Acosta
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
An experiment designed to assess the effect of two grazing pressures (GP, expressed as kg MS/100 kg LW) and four levels of supplement (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 expressed as kg/100 kg LW) fed to yearling heifers (212 kg) on live weight gain, was carried out at the Dairy Unit of INIA La Estanzuela (Uruguay). The experiment consisted of 8 treatments. Forty animals were used in the experiment, 5 per treatment, each animal being a replication of the treatment. The animals were blocked by weight in 5 blocks of 8 animals each, and then randomly assigned to the different treatments. …
Recent Developments In The Use Of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy For The Evaluation Of Grass Silage, N W. Offer, D S. Percival, C Thomas
Recent Developments In The Use Of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy For The Evaluation Of Grass Silage, N W. Offer, D S. Percival, C Thomas
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
This work assessed the potential of near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the voluntary intake and fermentation characteristics of grass silage. NIRS spectra were obtained from dried milled (Dry) or fresh samples by two methods (Wet1 - vertical transport mechanism and Wet2 - rotating cup drawer). Prediction errors (SECV as a percentage of mean values) were 5.5, 6.5 and 2.5 for Dry, Wet1 and Wet2 respectively for intake by dairy cows (n=28). Corresponding values were 10.3, 16.1 and 10.9 for lambs (n=88). The Wet2 method gave more accurate predictions than Wet1 except for predictions of ADF and unfermentable metabolisable energy …
Mineral Intake And Utilization By Dairy Cows Offered Grass Fertilized With Different Levels Of Nitrogen, H Valk, A M. Van Vuuren
Mineral Intake And Utilization By Dairy Cows Offered Grass Fertilized With Different Levels Of Nitrogen, H Valk, A M. Van Vuuren
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In four zero-grazing experiments, the effects ofN fertilizer (450 to 300 to 150 kg/ha/yr) on intake and utilization of some grass minerals (Ca, P and Mg), were investigated. Grass was offered ad lib to 12 cows per N treatment. A reduction in N fertilizer resulted in lower mean contents and intakes of Ca and Mg while P content and intake increased in late summer/autumn. The output of these minerals in milk and urine was relatively low. Therefore, a reduced intake of Ca and Mg resulted in a lower faecal output of these minerals. The ratio between intake and requirement varied …
Intake, Growth And Feed Preference By Steers Fed Combinations Of Alfalfa And Annual Ryegrass Silage, E Charmley
Intake, Growth And Feed Preference By Steers Fed Combinations Of Alfalfa And Annual Ryegrass Silage, E Charmley
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Nutritive value and intake of legumes is generally considered superior to grasses when ensiled at similar digestibility. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the optimum combination of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) silages to maximize growth rate of steers fed silage, determine chemical components which influenced performance, and to determine if steers selected the optimum mixture when given a choice. Both silages contained similar concentrations of dry matter, acid detergent fibre and organic acids, but alfalfa silage had higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), soluble N and ammonia N. Annual ryegrass contained …
Intake, Digestion And Performance Comparisons For Cattle Fed Macerated Vs. Roller-Conditioned Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Forage, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
Intake, Digestion And Performance Comparisons For Cattle Fed Macerated Vs. Roller-Conditioned Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Forage, Suwarno, K M. Wittenberg, W P. Mccaughey
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine whether maceration of alfalfa forage at the time of harvest will have a positive impact on intake, digestibility and performance in beef cattle. A performance trial conducted with 24 growing beef calves resulted in a 7% and 10% increase (P<0.05) in dry matter intake (kg/d) and daily gain (kg), respectively, when animals were fed alfalfa silage harvested with a macerator vs. a mower conditioner. Feed efficiency was not affected by treatment. Four steers assigned to alfalfa hay harvested with a macerator vs. mower conditioner showed no differences in dry matter intake, however, dry matter digestibility for the macerated hay was higher.
Effect Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Hay On Dairy Heifers Under European Intensive Management, J C. Emile, J P. Ravault, J M. Chabosseau
Effect Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Hay On Dairy Heifers Under European Intensive Management, J C. Emile, J P. Ravault, J M. Chabosseau
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Two fields were established at Lusignan (France) with the same variety of tall fescue but differing in the rate of Acremonium coenophialum seed infestation : 0 % = E- ; 100 % = E+. Dairy heifers were fed ad libitum with E- or E+ hay and were given in addition 1.7 kg DM of concentrates. No effect was noticed on the intake (5.65 vs 5.63 kg DM) as well as on ADG (874 vs 838 g/d) regarding E- vs E+ hay resp. However, prolactin concentration was significantly halved when heifers were fed with the E+ hay. More temperate climatic conditions …
Effect Of Slurry Application On Cell Wall Components And Silage Intake By Sheep Of Italian Ryegrass And Triticale, H Kawamoto, N Shimizu, R Uegaki, R Kobayashi
Effect Of Slurry Application On Cell Wall Components And Silage Intake By Sheep Of Italian Ryegrass And Triticale, H Kawamoto, N Shimizu, R Uegaki, R Kobayashi
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The study was to elucidate the effect of application of slurry manure from dairy cows on chemical components, the rumen degradation characteristics and silage intake by sheep of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Triticale ( rye-wheat hybrid). The amounts of application of slurry were 0, 50, 100 and 150 t/ha. The increasing level of slurry application resulted in a decrease of lower digestible cell wall and an increase of degradation rate. The silage of 150 t /ha treatment was significantly more consumed by sheep than the other treatments (p<0.05). The changes in cell wall components in both quantity and quality by the slurry application were advantageous to the increase of voluntary dry matter intake of the forage.
The Effects Of Two Levels Of Concentrates Supplying The Same Amount Of Protein On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows Given Two Grass Silages, H Khalili, P Huhtanen, K Rinne, M Suvitie
The Effects Of Two Levels Of Concentrates Supplying The Same Amount Of Protein On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows Given Two Grass Silages, H Khalili, P Huhtanen, K Rinne, M Suvitie
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of two levels of concentrate (5 and 10 kg) supplying the same amount of protein on feed intake, milk production and rumen fermentation in cows given two different grass silages. The silages were ensiled either with a formic acid based additive (F) or with a mixture of acids and lignosulphonates (L). Fermentation quality and digestibility were better in F silage than in L silage. There were no significant differences between the silages in feed intake, milk yield and milk composition. Feeding F silage increased rumen ammonia concentration and molar proportion …
Using Cuticular Wax Alkanes And Computer Simulation To Estimate Diet Selection, Herbage Intake And Nutrient Cycling In Grazing Sheep, H Dove, R J. Simpson
Using Cuticular Wax Alkanes And Computer Simulation To Estimate Diet Selection, Herbage Intake And Nutrient Cycling In Grazing Sheep, H Dove, R J. Simpson
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
In grazing ewes, plant cuticular wax alkanes were used as markers to estimate diet selection, herbage intake, N intake and N excretion in faeces. Pasture and animal data were then used as inputs to the decision-support system GrazFeed, which simulates grazing and digestion to predict herbage intake, N intake and N excretion. Estimated and predicted intakes agreed closely, especially for N intake, and it is concluded that, subject to further investigation of the possibility that GrazFeed slightly under-estimated faecal N excretion, the close agreement between estimated and predicted OM and N intakes suggests that this combined use of alkane methods …
Foraging Behavior Of Zebu Cattle Grazing Deciduous Forest, L Ortega, J Castillo, F Rivas
Foraging Behavior Of Zebu Cattle Grazing Deciduous Forest, L Ortega, J Castillo, F Rivas
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine whether the foraging behavior of Zebu cattle in deciduous forest was affected by time of the year. Data were recorded during the wet, nortes and dry seasons. Ten Zebu cows were used to record biting rate. Intake and bite size was estimated using three esophageally fistulated animals. Cattle browsed shrubs and trees in the wet season and ingested litter leaves in the dry season which resulted in differences of ingestive behavior. In general, bite size and intake were higher in the wet season and decreased during the nortes and dry seasons.
Intake And Diet Selection By Sheep Grazing Grass/Clover Patches, I J. Gordon, A W. Illius
Intake And Diet Selection By Sheep Grazing Grass/Clover Patches, I J. Gordon, A W. Illius
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The effects of the spatial dispersion of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) and clover (Trifolium repens L), at the feeding station scale, on diet composition and feeding behaviour were studied for sheep. There were no significant changes in diet composition with changes in the spatial dispersion of sward components. Bite size, bite rate and intake rate did increase as the species became more aggregated.
Modeling Intake Of Grazing Cows Fed Complementary Feeds, D R. Buckmaster, L A. Holden, L D. Muller, R H. Mohtar
Modeling Intake Of Grazing Cows Fed Complementary Feeds, D R. Buckmaster, L A. Holden, L D. Muller, R H. Mohtar
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
A model suitable for predicting intake for grazing or non-grazing dairy cows is presented. The model integrates the potentially intake limiting factors of physical fill, physiological energy demand, wet mass, herbage availability, herbage cover, and grazing time. Integration of these factors with a simple set of linear ration balancing constraints yields a model suitable for predicting supplemental feed requirements as well as potential animal production from a grazed land. The model is semi-theoretical, being descriptive in structure, but containing empirical relationships.
Intake And Quality Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) Receiving Different Levels Of Nitrogen During Autumn, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman
Intake And Quality Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) Receiving Different Levels Of Nitrogen During Autumn, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of N fertilization on the quality of Panicum maximum cv. Gatton (Panicum) and the subsequent intake thereof. Hand cut samples increased in N (1.8 - 2.7%) and NO3-N content (0.75 - 1.54%) and decreased in WSC (14.6 - 13.9 g/kg) content, but with no changes in IVDOM as N fertilization levels raised from 0 to 150 kg N/ha respectively. No changes occurred in the NDF and ADL values. The animal selected N, and IVDOM values were higher and NDF value lower than the hand cut samples, which was expected due …
Intake And Partial Digestibility Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) At Three Stages Of Maturity During Summer, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman
Intake And Partial Digestibility Of Panicum Maximum (Cv. Gatton) At Three Stages Of Maturity During Summer, W.A. Van Niekerk, N F.G. Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stage of maturity on the intake and digestibility of P. maximum (cv. Gatton) during the active growing season. Low DM content at the young and medium growth stages (24.9 and 25.2%) did not hamper DOMI (48.8 and 44.1 g/kg W0.75/d) respectively. The N concentration of the three stages were well within the limit required for optimal rumen microbial production (1.8 - 2.0%). The high NDF value of the adult stage (59.5%) resulted in a significantly lower IVDOM value (62.3%) but the IVDOM values of all stages were on the …
Effects On Intake Of Supplementing Low-Quality Roughage With Protein-Rich Feeds, J.J. M.H. Ketelaars, G A. Kaasschieter, M Kane
Effects On Intake Of Supplementing Low-Quality Roughage With Protein-Rich Feeds, J.J. M.H. Ketelaars, G A. Kaasschieter, M Kane
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Intake responses of ruminants to supplementation with protein-rich concentrates or legume hays have been related to the ratio of nitrogen (N) content and organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the basal feed. Marginal intake effect of supplements, i.e. change of organic matter intake (OMI) from the basal feed per unit OMI from supplement, decreased on average from 1.7 to 0 and -0.8 g. g-1 at N/OMD of 0.010, 0.016 and > 0.030 g. g-1, respectively. Marginal effect of supplements defined as change of total digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) per g DOMI from supplement was 2.5, 1 and 0.3 g. g-1 for …
The Effect Of Sward Height And Bulk Density On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Dairy Cows, C S. Mayne, D Mcgilloway, A Cushnahan, A S. Laidlaw
The Effect Of Sward Height And Bulk Density On Herbage Intake And Grazing Behaviour Of Dairy Cows, C S. Mayne, D Mcgilloway, A Cushnahan, A S. Laidlaw
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
The effects of sward height and bulk density on herbage intake and grazing behaviour of dairy cows during 1 hour grazing periods was investigated. Sward factors had a marked effect on dry matter (DM) intake/bite, which ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 g, and this was reflected in hourly intake rates. Intake/bite was largely influenced by sward height, reflecting increased bite depth in taller swards, with inherent differences between swards at low sward heights largely attributable to differences in bulk density (BD). The results indicate that DM intake rates up to 4.0 kg DM/hour can be achieved in short term grazing …
Intake, Relative Palatability Indices And Blood Parameters Of Vetch Varieties As A Component Of Goat Diet, N. H. Msiza, K. E. Ravhuhali, H. K. Mokoboki, Sydney Mavengahama, G. M. Chelopo
Intake, Relative Palatability Indices And Blood Parameters Of Vetch Varieties As A Component Of Goat Diet, N. H. Msiza, K. E. Ravhuhali, H. K. Mokoboki, Sydney Mavengahama, G. M. Chelopo
IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)
Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the feed intake, relative palatability indices and blood parameters of vetch varieties as a component of goat diet. The field and palatability study was carried out at the North West University, Molelwane Farm, North West province, South Africa. Ten weaner goats (16 ±2 kg) were used in this experiment. Four feeds (Vicia sativa – common & volga vetch ), Vicia villosa Roth (haymaker plus vetch) and buffalo hay grass were used in this experiment and each goat was exposed to these treatment diets. A cafeteria feeding method was used, allowing …