Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Estimation Of Cold Plasma Outflow During Geomagnetic Storms, S. Haaland, A. Eriksson, M. Andre, L. Maes, L. Baddeley, A. Barakat, R. Chappell, V. Eccles, C. Johnsen, B. Lybekk, K. Li, A. Pedersen, Robert W. Schunk, D. Welling

All Physics Faculty Publications

Low-energy ions of ionospheric origin constitute a significant contributor to the magnetospheric plasma population. Measuring cold ions is difficult though. Observations have to be done at sufficiently high altitudes and typically in regions of space where spacecraft attain a positive charge due to solar illumination. Cold ions are therefore shielded from the satellite particle detectors. Furthermore, spacecraft can only cover key regions of ion outflow during segments of their orbit, so additional complications arise if continuous longtime observations, such as during a geomagnetic storm, are needed. In this paper we suggest a new approach, based on a combination of synoptic …