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Gps Normalization And Preliminary Modeling Results Of Total Electron Content During A Midlatitude Space Weather Event, J. J. Makela, M. C. Kelley, Jan Josef Sojka, X. Pi, A. J. Mannucci

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On November 22–23, 1997, a geomagnetic storm occurred during a period of excellent viewing conditions over the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. Here we explore the total electron content (TEC) registered by Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located close to the Cornell All-Sky Imager (CASI) at the Arecibo Observatory. The storm began with the equatorward surge of a very high (100% increase) TEC enhancement stretching for many hours of local time on the dayside. At dusk the TEC over the Caribbean remained elevated with levels equal to the noontime monthly averages. During the event the TEC was highly structured and …