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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Composite Network Of Actin And Microtubule Filaments, Self-Organization And Steady-State Dynamics, Leila Farhadi
Composite Network Of Actin And Microtubule Filaments, Self-Organization And Steady-State Dynamics, Leila Farhadi
Doctoral Dissertations
Actin and microtubule filaments, with their auxiliary proteins, enable the cytoskeleton to perform vital processes in the cell by tuning the organizational, mechanical properties and dynamics of the network. Despite their critical importance and interactions in cells, we are only beginning to uncover information about the composite network. Here, I use florescence microscopy to explore the role of filaments characteristics, interactions and activities in the self-organization and steady-state dynamics of the composite network of filaments. First, I discuss active self-organization of semiflexible actin and rigid microtubule filaments in the 2D composite network while myosin II and kinesin-1 motor proteins propel …
Distortion-Controlled Isotropic Swelling And Self-Assembly Of Triply-Periodic Minimal Surfaces, Carlos M. Duque
Distortion-Controlled Isotropic Swelling And Self-Assembly Of Triply-Periodic Minimal Surfaces, Carlos M. Duque
Doctoral Dissertations
In the first part of this thesis, I propose a method that allows us to construct optimal swelling patterns that are compatible with experimental constraints. This is done using a greedy algorithm that systematically increases the perimeter of the target surface with the help of minimum length cuts. This reduces the areal distortion that comes from the changing Gaussian curvature of the sheet. The results of our greedy cutting algorithm are tested on surfaces of constant and varying Gaussian curvature, and are additionally validated with finite thickness simulations using a modified Seung-Nelson model. In the second part of the thesis, …
Searching For New Physics At Colliders And From Precision Measurements, Yong Du
Searching For New Physics At Colliders And From Precision Measurements, Yong Du
Doctoral Dissertations
Beyond the great triumph of the Standard Model of particle physics, several fundamental questions remain unknown with the framework of the Standard Model. Among them are the non-zero neutrino masses, the dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Answers to these questions require new physics beyond the Standard Model and searching for the new physics beyond the SM has been a major task for modern particle physicists. The signal of this new physics can be searched through colliders, low- and high-energy precision measurements, as well as precision cosmological observation. Here I present my work in searching for the …
Experimental Study Of Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions, Anita Anup Dey
Experimental Study Of Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure Interactions, Anita Anup Dey
Doctoral Dissertations
It is well known that when a flexible or flexibly-mounted structure is placed perpendicular to a Newtonian fluid flow, it can oscillate due to the shedding of vortices at high Reynolds numbers. Unlike Newtonian fluids, viscoelastic fluid flow can become unstable even at infinitesimal Reynolds numbers due to a purely elastic flow instability occurring at large Weissenberg numbers. This thesis focuses on exploring the mechanisms of viscoelastic fluid-structure interactions (VFSI) through experimental investigations on several different combinations of flexible and flexibly-mounted circular cylinders, micro and macro-scale cantilevered beams and viscoelastic fluids such as wormlike micelle solutions and polymer solutions. VFSI …
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Theory And Improved Methods For Probing The Cavitation To Fracture Transition, Christopher Barney
Doctoral Dissertations
A material is considered soft when its bulk modulus is significantly greater than its shear modulus. Rubbery polymers are a class of soft materials where resistance to extension is mainly entropic in nature. Polymeric soft solids differ from liquids due to the presence of a percolated network of strong bonds that resist deformation and flow on a given time scale. The incompressible nature, entropically driven elasticity, and molecular scale network structure of soft polymeric solids combine to impart unique mechanical behavior that often results in complex material responses to simple loading situations. An important example of this is cavitation in …
Filaments, Fibers, And Foliations In Frustrated Soft Materials, Daria Atkinson
Filaments, Fibers, And Foliations In Frustrated Soft Materials, Daria Atkinson
Doctoral Dissertations
Assemblies of one-dimensional filaments appear in a wide range of physical systems: from biopolymer bundles, columnar liquid crystals, and superconductor vortex arrays; to familiar macroscopic materials, like ropes, cables, and textiles. Interactions between the constituent filaments in such systems are most sensitive to the distance of closest approach between the central curves which approximate their configuration, subjecting these distinct assemblies to common geometric constraints. Dual to strong dependence of inter-filament interactions on changes in the distance of closest approach is their relative insensitivity to reptations, translations along the filament backbone. In this dissertation, after briefly reviewing the mechanics and …
Transitions Between Radial And Bipolar Liquid Crystal Drops In The Presence Of Novel Surfactants, Jake Shechter
Transitions Between Radial And Bipolar Liquid Crystal Drops In The Presence Of Novel Surfactants, Jake Shechter
Doctoral Dissertations
Liquid crystals (LCs) are a class of molecules that form a variety of configurations easily influenced by external interactions. Of particular interest are rod-like LC molecules confined to a spherical geometry, which have a competition between interfacial tension and elastic deformations. The configuration of the liquid crystal inside a droplet can be controlled using surfactants, influencing the boundary conditions, in an oil-in-water emulsion. I tested the effects of novel surfactants on the configuration of the LC droplets. These novel surfactant molecules, synthesized by collaborators, are oligomers with either a variable length hydrophobic domain or protein sensitive hydrophilic domain. I tested …
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Controlled Membrane Remodeling By Nanospheres And Nanorods: Experiments Targeting The Design Principles For Membrane-Based Materials, Sarah Zuraw-Weston
Doctoral Dissertations
In this thesis we explore two experimental systems probing the interactions of nanoparticles with lipid bilayer membranes. Inspired by the ability of cell membranes to alter their shape in response to bound particles, we report two experimental studies: one of nanospheres the other of long, slender nano-rods binding to lipid bilayer vesicles and altering the membrane shape. Our work illuminates the role of particle geometry, particle concentration, adhesion strength and membrane tension in how membrane morphology is determined. We combine giant unilamellar vesicles with oppositely charged nanoparticles, carefully tuning adhesion strength, membrane tension and particle concentration. In the case of …
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Nano- And Micro-Structured Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogels For Rapidly Responsive Devices, Qi Lu
Doctoral Dissertations
This thesis aims to extend the understanding and explore the application of temperature-responsive hydrogel systems by integrating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Stimuli-responsive hydrogel systems are immensely investigated and applied in numerous fields, and interfacing with micro- and nano-fabrication techniques will open up more possibilities. In Chapter 2, the first biologically relevant, in vitro cell stretching device based on hydrogel surface instability was developed. This dynamic platform is constructed by embedding micro-heater devices under temperature-responsive surface-attached hydrogels. The fast and regional temperature change actuates the stretching and relaxation of the seeded human artery smooth muscle cell (HASMC) via controllable surface creasing instability. …
Kinetics Of The Crystal-Melt Phase Transformation In Semicrystalline Polymers, Kiran Subramaniam Iyer
Kinetics Of The Crystal-Melt Phase Transformation In Semicrystalline Polymers, Kiran Subramaniam Iyer
Doctoral Dissertations
The assembly of long-chain polymers into an ordered state is a process that has puzzled polymer scientists for several decades. A process that is largely controlled by the strength of intermolecular attractions in small molecular systems, this crystallization in the case of polymers is controlled by a competition between the aforementioned force of attraction between monomers and the formidable conformational entropy of polymer chains. Any factor that affects this conformational entropy, whether that is an equilibrium thermodynamic factor or a kinetic factor, has the ability to control polymer crystallization. In this thesis, we focus on understanding the underlying kinetic processes …
Search For Displaced Hadronic Vertices In The Atlas Inner Detector And Muon Spectrometer In P-P Collisions At √S = 13 Tev At The Lhc, Margaret S. Lutz
Search For Displaced Hadronic Vertices In The Atlas Inner Detector And Muon Spectrometer In P-P Collisions At √S = 13 Tev At The Lhc, Margaret S. Lutz
Doctoral Dissertations
A search is performed for long-lived neutral particles using 33 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data produced by the LHC and collected by the ATLAS detector during 2016. This search focuses on the topology in which pairs of displaced hadronic jets are produced, with one in the inner detector and the other in the muon spectrometer. Special techniques are used to reconstruct the displaced decays. One event is found passing the full signal selection, which is consistent with the back- ground estimation. Limits are set at a 95% upper confidence level on the BR × σ for a SM …
Agenda, Shubha Tewari
Agenda, Shubha Tewari
Science and Engineering Saturday Seminars
Abstracts for six Science and Engineering Saturday Seminars.
Arduino Microcontrollers In The Classroom: Teaching How To Phrase Effective Science Questions And How To Answer Them With Original Data, Tony Dinsmore
Arduino Microcontrollers In The Classroom: Teaching How To Phrase Effective Science Questions And How To Answer Them With Original Data, Tony Dinsmore
Science and Engineering Saturday Seminars
Arduino microcontrollers in the classroom: teaching how to phrase effective science questions and how to answer them with original data. Prof. Tony Dinsmore, UMass Physics This workshop will develop course modules that address a challenge in the science curriculum: how do we teach basic problem-solving and curiosity-based research skills in a classroom setting? The standard science curriculum teaches concepts and theory quite well but leaves rather little opportunity for students to take the lead in designing and implementing their own investigations. The workshop will use the Arduino, an inexpensive microcontroller that is simple to set up. A huge range of …
Agenda, Revised, Shubha Tewari
Agenda, Revised, Shubha Tewari
Science and Engineering Saturday Seminars
Materials from the seminars. The agenda was revised to include online sessions due to the Covid-19 pandemic.