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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Josephson Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Local And Direct Probe Of The Superconducting Order Parameter, Richard P. Barber Jr., Hikari Kimura, Shuhei Ono, Yoichi Ando, Robert C. Dynes
Josephson Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Local And Direct Probe Of The Superconducting Order Parameter, Richard P. Barber Jr., Hikari Kimura, Shuhei Ono, Yoichi Ando, Robert C. Dynes
Physics
Direct measurements of the superconducting superfluid on the surface of vacuum-cleaved Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ BSCCO samples are reported. These measurements are accomplished via Josephson tunneling into the sample using a scanning tunneling microscope STM equipped with a superconducting tip. The spatial resolution of the STM of lateral distances less than the superconducting coherence length allows it to reveal local inhomogeneities in the pair wave function of the BSCCO. Instrument performance is demonstrated first with Josephson measurements of Pb films followed by the layered superconductor NbSe2. The relevant measurement parameter, the Josephson ICRN product, is discussed within the context of both BCS superconductors …
Emergence Of The Persistent Spin Helix In Semiconductor Quantum Wells, J. D. Koralek, Christopher P. Weber, J. Orenstein, B. Andrei Bernevig, Shou-Cheng Zhang, S. Mack, D. D. Awschalom
Emergence Of The Persistent Spin Helix In Semiconductor Quantum Wells, J. D. Koralek, Christopher P. Weber, J. Orenstein, B. Andrei Bernevig, Shou-Cheng Zhang, S. Mack, D. D. Awschalom
Physics
According to Noether’s theorem1, for every symmetry in nature there is a corresponding conservation law. For example, invariance with respect to spatial translation corresponds to conservation of momentum. In another well-known example, invariance with respect to rotation of the electron’s spin, or SU(2) symmetry, leads to conservation of spin polarization. For electrons in a solid, this symmetry is ordinarily broken by spin–orbit coupling, allowing spin angular momentum to flow to orbital angular momentum. However, it has recently been predicted that SU(2) can be achieved in a two-dimensional electron gas, despite the presence of spin–orbit coupling2. The …