Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Optics

PDF

2007

Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 1 - 30 of 51

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Slow-Light Fourier Transform Interferometer, Zhimin Shi, Robert W. Boyd, Ryan M. Camacho, Praveen K. Vudyasetu, John C. Howell Dec 2007

Slow-Light Fourier Transform Interferometer, Zhimin Shi, Robert W. Boyd, Ryan M. Camacho, Praveen K. Vudyasetu, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We describe a new type of Fourier transform (FT) interferometer in which the tunable optical delay between the two arms is realized by using a continuously variable slow-light medium instead of a moving arm as in a conventional setup. The spectral resolution of such a FT interferometer exceeds that of a conventional setup of comparable size by a factor equal to the maximum group index of the slow-light medium. The scheme is experimentally demonstrated by using a rubidium atomic vapor cell as the tunable slow-light medium, and the spectral resolution is enhanced by a factor of approximately 100.

Go to article

A Fast Image Super-Resolution Algorithm Using An Adaptive Wiener Filter, Russell C. Hardie Dec 2007

A Fast Image Super-Resolution Algorithm Using An Adaptive Wiener Filter, Russell C. Hardie

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A computationally simple super-resolution algorithm using a type of adaptive Wiener filter is proposed. The algorithm produces an improved resolution image from a sequence of low-resolution (LR) video frames with overlapping field of view. The algorithm uses subpixel registration to position each LR pixel value on a common spatial grid that is referenced to the average position of the input frames. The positions of the LR pixels are not quantized to a finite grid as with some previous techniques. The output high-resolution (HR) pixels are obtained using a weighted sum of LR pixels in a local moving window. Using a …

Go to article

Practical Sensor For Measurement Of Nitrogen, Dusan Popovic, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Steven Daniels Nov 2007

Practical Sensor For Measurement Of Nitrogen, Dusan Popovic, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Steven Daniels

Articles

This paper presents a method for precise measurement of atomic and molecular nitrogen in an oxygen-nitrogen dc plasma. This is achieved by monitoring the intensities of the atomic nitrogen spectral line at 821.6 nm and the molecular nitrogen bandhead at 337.1 nm, relative to the atomic oxygen spectral line at 844.7 nm. Oxygen is one of the most frequently used gases for surface chemical treatment, including deposition and etching, therefore the ability to measure and control the process and chemical composition of the process is essential. To validate this oxygen actimometry method for N2-xO2 (where x varies from 0 to …

Go to article

Collision Broadening Using Alkali-Filled, Hollow Core Fibers, Luke P. Rodgers Oct 2007

Collision Broadening Using Alkali-Filled, Hollow Core Fibers, Luke P. Rodgers

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this research was to demonstrate the possibility of collision broadening in a cesium-filled, hollow-core fiber as an alternative to the proven technique of pressure broadening. Theoretically, alkali electrons should relax from the 2P3/2 to the 2P1/2 level and the absorption spectrum should collisionally broaden due to the presence of fiber walls, as opposed to the more common pressure broadening method. An absorption dip located at 852.34nm was recorded in a pressure broadened comparison leg. This data was used as a baseline during analysis of the fiber leg's data. While the fiber was successfully …

Go to article

Passive All-Optical Diode Using Asymmetric Nonlinear Absorption, Reji Philip, M. Anij, Chandra S. Yelleswarapu, D.V.G.L.N. Rao Oct 2007

Passive All-Optical Diode Using Asymmetric Nonlinear Absorption, Reji Philip, M. Anij, Chandra S. Yelleswarapu, D.V.G.L.N. Rao

Physics Faculty Publications

Saturable and reverse saturable absorptions are well-known phenomena, originating from the imaginary component of the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility. We note that structures with an axially asymmetric nonlinear absorption can be easily realized from saturable and reverse saturable absorption materials arranged in tandem. In this paper, the basic transmission behavior of such a structure is worked out. Detailed numerical simulations demonstrate passive all-optical diode behavior, and the results are verified experimentally. The principle will work for all light polarizations, has no phase-matching restrictions, and can be extended to a large number of available nonlinear media for possible applications.

Go to article

Transients Of The Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency-Enhanced Refractive Kerr Nonlinearity, John C. Howell, M. V. Pack, R. M. Camacho Sep 2007

Transients Of The Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency-Enhanced Refractive Kerr Nonlinearity, John C. Howell, M. V. Pack, R. M. Camacho

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We report observations of the dynamics of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Λ system when the ground states are Stark shifted. Interactions of this type exhibit large optical nonlinearities called Kerr nonlinearities, and have numerous applications. The EIT Kerr nonlinearity is relatively slow, which is a limiting factor that may make many potential applications impossible. Using rubidium atoms, we observe the dynamics of the EIT Kerr nonlinearity using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to measure phase modulation of the EIT fields resulting from a pulsed signal beam Stark shifting the ground state energy levels. The rise times and transients agree well …

Go to article

Examination Of Energy And Group Velocities In Positive And Negative Index Chiral Materials With And Without Dispersion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee Sep 2007

Examination Of Energy And Group Velocities In Positive And Negative Index Chiral Materials With And Without Dispersion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Concepts of energy and group velocities, Poynting and propagation vectors are examined for both positive and negative index materials. Known definitions for these entities are explored in terms of the interplay of chirality and dispersion.

Go to article

Quantitative Methods And Detection Techniques In Hyperspectral Imaging Involving Medical And Other Applications, Ankita Roy Aug 2007

Quantitative Methods And Detection Techniques In Hyperspectral Imaging Involving Medical And Other Applications, Ankita Roy

All Dissertations

This research using Hyperspectral imaging involves recognizing targets through spatial and spectral matching and spectral un-mixing of data ranging from remote sensing to medical imaging kernels for clinical studies based on Hyperspectral data-sets generated using the VFTHSI [Visible Fourier Transform Hyperspectral Imager], whose high resolution Si detector makes the analysis achievable. The research may be broadly classified into (I) A Physically Motivated Correlation Formalism (PMCF), which places both spatial and spectral data on an equivalent mathematical footing in the context of a specific Kernel and (II) An application in RF plasma specie detection during carbon nanotube growing process. (III) Hyperspectral …

Go to article

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Line Shapes For Large Probe Fields And Optically Thick Media, M. V. Pack, R. M. Camacho, John C. Howell Jul 2007

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Line Shapes For Large Probe Fields And Optically Thick Media, M. V. Pack, R. M. Camacho, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We calculate the line shape and linewidths for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in optically thick, Doppler broadened media (buffer gasses are also considered). In generalizing the definition of the EIT linewidth to optically thick media, we find two different linewidth definitions apply depending on whether the experiment is pulsed or continuous wave (cw). Using the cw definition for the EIT line shape we derive analytic expressions describing the linewidth as a function of optical depth. We also review the EIT line shapes in optically thin media and provide physical arguments for how the line shapes change as a function of …

Go to article

Analysis Of Beam Propagation In 90-Degree Holographic Recording And Readout Using Transfer Functions And Numerical 2-D-Laplace Inversion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee, George Nehmetallah Jun 2007

Analysis Of Beam Propagation In 90-Degree Holographic Recording And Readout Using Transfer Functions And Numerical 2-D-Laplace Inversion, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, Partha P. Banerjee, George Nehmetallah

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, 2-D-Laplace analysis of recording and readout of edge-holograms was reported. Numerical Laplace inversion was examined for simple test cases. Inversion algorithms are applied to examine beam shaping and distortion in photovoltaic and photorefractive materials.

Go to article

Optical Absorption, Depolarization, And Scatter Of Epitaxial Single-Crystal Chemical-Vapor-Deposited Diamond At 1.064 Μm, Giorgio Turri, Ying Chen, Michael Bass Jun 2007

Optical Absorption, Depolarization, And Scatter Of Epitaxial Single-Crystal Chemical-Vapor-Deposited Diamond At 1.064 Μm, Giorgio Turri, Ying Chen, Michael Bass

Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Optical Properties Of Epitaxial Single-Crystal Chemical-Vapor-Deposited Diamond, Giorgio Turri, Ying Chen, Michael Bass, David Orchard, James E. Butler May 2007

Optical Properties Of Epitaxial Single-Crystal Chemical-Vapor-Deposited Diamond, Giorgio Turri, Ying Chen, Michael Bass, David Orchard, James E. Butler

Publications

Epitaxial single-crystal chemical-vapor-deposited diamond was obtained from Element Six Ltd. (Ascot, UK) and from Apollo Diamond (Boston, MA). Both companies provided 5 x 5 mm squares with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. In addition, Element Six provided 10-mm-diameter disks with a thickness of 1.0 mm. The absorptance of all specimens at 1064 nm was measured by laser calorimetry, with good agreement between independent measurements at the University of Central Florida and at QinetiQ (Malvern, UK). Depolarization at 1064 nm and ultraviolet absorption properties are also reported.

Go to article

Wide-Bandwidth, Tunable, Multiple-Pulse-Width Optical Delays Using Slow Light In Cesium Vapor, Ryan M. Camacho, Michael V. Pack, John C. Howell, Aaron Schweinsberg, Robert W. Boyd Apr 2007

Wide-Bandwidth, Tunable, Multiple-Pulse-Width Optical Delays Using Slow Light In Cesium Vapor, Ryan M. Camacho, Michael V. Pack, John C. Howell, Aaron Schweinsberg, Robert W. Boyd

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We demonstrate an all-optical delay line in hot cesium vapor that tunably delays 275 ps input pulses up to 6.8 ns and 740 input ps pulses up to 59 ns (group index of approximately 200) with little pulse distortion. The delay is made tunable with a fast reconfiguration time (hundreds of ns) by optically pumping out of the atomic ground states.

Go to article

A Study Of Bi-Directional Reflectance Distribution Functions And Their Effects On Infrared Signature Models, Samuel I. Harkiss Mar 2007

A Study Of Bi-Directional Reflectance Distribution Functions And Their Effects On Infrared Signature Models, Samuel I. Harkiss

Theses and Dissertations

Since 2004, AFIT has been developing a trend-analysis tool to assess large commercial aircraft infrared (LCAIR) signatures. In many cases, this code predicted signatures to within 10% of measured data. However, other results indicated that the single-bounce, specular-reflection algorithm being used failed to adequately simulate interactions between aircraft parts where either the specular component is dominated by diffuse reflection or part-to-part multiple-bounce reflections contribute significantly to the signature. This research incorporates Bi-Directional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF's) and multiple-bounce calculations into the LCAIR model. A physical aircraft model was constructed from aluminum, and measurements were taken before and after a surface …

Go to article

Optical Tracking For Relative Positioning In Automated Aerial Refueling, James H. Spencer Mar 2007

Optical Tracking For Relative Positioning In Automated Aerial Refueling, James H. Spencer

Theses and Dissertations

An algorithm is designed to extract features from video of an air refueling tanker for use in determining the precise relative position of a receiver aircraft. The algorithm is based on receiving a known estimate of the tanker aircraft's position and attitude. The algorithm then uses a known feature model of the tanker to predict the location of those features on a video frame. A corner detector is used to extract features from the video. The measured corners are then associated with known features and tracked from frame to frame. For each frame, the associated features are used to calculate …

Go to article

Direct Diode Pumped Raman Amplifier Based On A Multimode Graded Index Fiberr, Charles James Baird Mar 2007

Direct Diode Pumped Raman Amplifier Based On A Multimode Graded Index Fiberr, Charles James Baird

Theses and Dissertations

The direct pumping of a Raman fiber amplifier (RFA) was attempted using an array of four 25W, fiber pigtailed diodes at 936nm, combined via a 7 channel fiber beam combiner. The initial attempt was conducted using a 1.8 km, 100 micron core, GRIN fiber with an NA of .29 and attenuation 3.6 dB/km at 936nm. While amplification was not achieved, over 200mW of conversion was shown, with 10.4W of pump power and 3.5W of seed. This corresponds to an average conversion efficiency of 2.2%. The subsequent effort utilized a 2km long, 200 micron core, GRIN fiber, with NA of .27 …

Go to article

Quarter-Wave Layers With 50% Reflectance For Obliquely Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat Feb 2007

Quarter-Wave Layers With 50% Reflectance For Obliquely Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam, F. F. Sudradjat

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The conditions under which light interference in a transparent quarter-wave layer of refractive index n1 on a transparent substrate of refractive index n2 leads to 50% reflectance for incident unpolarized light at an angle φ are determined. Two distinct solution branches are obtained that correspond to light reflection above and below the polarizing angle, φp , of zero reflection for p polarization. The real p and s amplitude reflection coefficients have the same (negative) sign for the solution branch φ>φp and have opposite signs for the solution branch φ<φp . Operation at φ<φp is the basis of a 50%–50% beam splitter that divides an incident totally polarized light beam (with p and s components of equal intensity) into reflected and …

Go to article

Large-Alphabet Quantum Key Distribution Using Energy-Time Entangled Bipartite States, Irfan Ali-Khan, Curtis J. Broadbent, John C. Howell Feb 2007

Large-Alphabet Quantum Key Distribution Using Energy-Time Entangled Bipartite States, Irfan Ali-Khan, Curtis J. Broadbent, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We present a protocol for large-alphabet quantum key distribution (QKD) using energy-time entangled biphotons. Binned, high-resolution timing measurements are used to generate a large-alphabet key with over 10 bits of information per photon pair, albeit with large noise. QKD with 5% bit error rate is demonstrated with 4 bits of information per photon pair, where the security of the quantum channel is determined by the visibility of Franson interference fringes. The protocol is easily generalizable to even larger alphabets, and utilizes energy-time entanglement which is robust to transmission over large distances in fiber.

Go to article

Recollision Dynamics And Time Delay In Strong-Field Double Ionization, Stanley L. Haan, L. Breen, A. Karim, Joseph H. Eberly Feb 2007

Recollision Dynamics And Time Delay In Strong-Field Double Ionization, Stanley L. Haan, L. Breen, A. Karim, Joseph H. Eberly

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Three-dimensional classical ensembles are employed to study recollision dynamics in double ionization of atoms by 780-nm intense lasers. After recollision one electron typically remains bound to the atom for a portion of a laser cycle, during which time the nucleus strongly influences its direction of motion. The electron then escapes over a suppressed barrier, with its final momentum depending critically on the laser phase at escape. The other electron remains unbound after collision, and typically drifts out in a momentum hemisphere opposite from its motion just after the collision. Several example trajectories at intensity 0.4 PW/cm2 with various time delays …

Go to article

All-Optical Delay Of Images Using Slow Light, Ryan M. Camacho, Curtis J. Broadbent, Irfan Ali-Khan, John C. Howell Jan 2007

All-Optical Delay Of Images Using Slow Light, Ryan M. Camacho, Curtis J. Broadbent, Irfan Ali-Khan, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Two-dimensional images carried by optical pulses (2 ns) are delayed by up to 10 ns in a 10 cm cesium vapor cell. By interfering the delayed images with a local oscillator, the transverse phase and amplitude profiles of the images are shown to be preserved. It is further shown that delayed images can be well preserved even at very low light levels, where each pulse contains on average less than one photon.

Go to article

Polarizing Properties Of Embedded Symmetric Trilayer Stacks Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Siva R. Perla Jan 2007

Polarizing Properties Of Embedded Symmetric Trilayer Stacks Under Conditions Of Frustrated Total Internal Reflection, Rasheed M.A. Azzam, Siva R. Perla

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

An error in the application of the design procedure described in a previous paper [Appl. Opt. 45, 1650 (2006)] has been corrected, and new revised figures are included in this erratum.

Go to article

Optimization Of Zonal Wavefront Estimation And Curvature Measurements, Weiyao Zou Jan 2007

Optimization Of Zonal Wavefront Estimation And Curvature Measurements, Weiyao Zou

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Optical testing in adverse environments, ophthalmology and applications where characterization by curvature is leveraged all have a common goal: accurately estimate wavefront shape. This dissertation investigates wavefront sensing techniques as applied to optical testing based on gradient and curvature measurements. Wavefront sensing involves the ability to accurately estimate shape over any aperture geometry, which requires establishing a sampling grid and estimation scheme, quantifying estimation errors caused by measurement noise propagation, and designing an instrument with sufficient accuracy and sensitivity for the application. Starting with gradient-based wavefront sensing, a zonal least-squares wavefront estimation algorithm for any irregular pupil shape and size …

Go to article

All-Optical Regeneration For Phase-Shift Keyed Optical Communication Systems, Kevin Croussore Jan 2007

All-Optical Regeneration For Phase-Shift Keyed Optical Communication Systems, Kevin Croussore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

All-optical signal processing techniques for phase-shift keyed (PSK) systems were developed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Nonlinear optical effects in fibers, in particular four-wave mixing (FWM) that occurs via the ultra-fast Kerr nonlinearity, offer a flexible framework within which numerous signal processing functions can be accomplished. This research has focused on the regenerative capabilities of various FWM configurations in the context of processing PSK signals. Phase-preserving amplitude regeneration, phase regeneration, and phase-regenerative wavelength conversion are analyzed and demonstrated experimentally. The single-pump phase-conjugation process was used to regenerate RZ-DPSK pulse amplitudes with different input noise distributions, and the impact on output phase …

Go to article

Effects Of Polarization And Coherence On The Propagation And The Detection Of Stochastic Electromagnetic Beams, Mohamed Fouad Salem Jan 2007

Effects Of Polarization And Coherence On The Propagation And The Detection Of Stochastic Electromagnetic Beams, Mohamed Fouad Salem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Most of the physically realizable optical sources are radiating in a random manner given the random nature of the radiation of a large number of atoms that constitute the source. Besides, a lot of natural and synthetic materials are fluctuating randomly. Hence, the optical fields that one encounters, in most of the applications are fluctuating and must be treated using random or stochastic functions. Within the framework of the scalar-coherence theory, one can describe changes of the properties of any stochastic field such as the spectral density and the spectral degree of coherence on propagation in any linear medium, deterministic …

Go to article

Super-Resolution Enhancement Of Digital Video, Russell C. Hardie, Richard R. Schultz, Kenneth E. Barner Jan 2007

Super-Resolution Enhancement Of Digital Video, Russell C. Hardie, Richard R. Schultz, Kenneth E. Barner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

SR from digital video is a relatively new field, in only its third decade of existence. There is no doubt that as imaging sensor technologies, optical fabrication techniques, and computational algorithms mature, SR will find its way into digital video products such as cameras and digital cable set-top boxes. These papers on the fundamental SR topics of image registration, regularization, photometric diversity, detector nonuniformity, compression, optical design, and performance metrics serve as pioneers in the dynamic and evolving field of SR image reconstruction research and development. We are proud to present them to the image and video processing research community. …

Go to article

Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation Of Point Source Images Using Asynchronous Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique On Amos 3.6 M Telescope, Mikhail Vorontsov, Jim F. Riker, Gary W. Carhart, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla, Leonid A. Beresnev, Thomas Weyrauch Jan 2007

Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation Of Point Source Images Using Asynchronous Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique On Amos 3.6 M Telescope, Mikhail Vorontsov, Jim F. Riker, Gary W. Carhart, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla, Leonid A. Beresnev, Thomas Weyrauch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique-based Adaptive Optics (SPGD-AO) system described in this presentation does not use a conventional wavefront sensor. It uses a metric signal collected by a single pixel detector placed behind a pinhole in the image plane to drive three deformable mirrors (DMs). The system is designed to compensate the image for turbulence effects. The theory behind this method is described in detail in [1]. However this technique, while widely simulated and tested in the laboratory, was not yet verified in astronomical field site experiments. During the month of May 2007, a series of experiments with SPGD-AO …

Go to article

Adaptive Optics Performance Over Long Horizontal Paths: Aperture Effects In Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optical Systems, Miao Yu, Mikhail Vorontsov, Svetlana Lachinova, Jim F. Riker, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla Jan 2007

Adaptive Optics Performance Over Long Horizontal Paths: Aperture Effects In Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optical Systems, Miao Yu, Mikhail Vorontsov, Svetlana Lachinova, Jim F. Riker, Venkata S. Rao Gudimetla

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We analyze various scenarios of the aperture effects in adaptive optical receiver-type systems when inhomogeneities of the wave propagation medium are distributed over long horizontal propagation path, or localized in a few thin layers remotely located from the receiver telescope pupil. Phase aberration compensation is performed using closed-loop control architectures based on phase conjugation and decoupled stochastic parallel gradient descent (DSPGD) control algorithms. Both receiver system aperture diffraction effects and the impact of wave-front corrector position on phase aberration compensation efficiency are analyzed for adaptive systems with single or multiple wave-front correctors.

Go to article

Phase-Locked Mutually Coupled 1.3 Μm Quantum-Dot Lasers, Stephen P. Hegarty, David Goulding, Bryan Kelleher, Guillaume Huyet, Maria-Teresa Todaro, Abdelmajid Salhi, Adriana Passaseo, Massimo De Vittorio Jan 2007

Phase-Locked Mutually Coupled 1.3 Μm Quantum-Dot Lasers, Stephen P. Hegarty, David Goulding, Bryan Kelleher, Guillaume Huyet, Maria-Teresa Todaro, Abdelmajid Salhi, Adriana Passaseo, Massimo De Vittorio

Cappa Publications

Fabry-Perot InAs quantum-dot lasers grown on GaAs substrates are mutually coupled with a delay of several nanoseconds. Stable phase-locked output with narrow linewidth is obtained when the frequency detuning between the two lasers is less than 4 GHz. This simple locking scheme could find application in a variety of photonics applications.

Go to article

Magneto-Optical Imaging Of Superconducting Mgb2 Thin Films, Stephanie Maria Hummert Jan 2007

Magneto-Optical Imaging Of Superconducting Mgb2 Thin Films, Stephanie Maria Hummert

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Hologram-Based Humidity Indicator For Domestic And Packaging Applications, Izabela Naydenova, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin Jan 2007

Hologram-Based Humidity Indicator For Domestic And Packaging Applications, Izabela Naydenova, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin

Conference Papers

A passive indicator for Relative Humidity based on a photopolymer recorded hologram has been developed. The indicator works on the principle that the wavelength reconstructed by a reflection hologram is dependent on the spacing between the fringe planes of the hologram. As the Relative Humidity changes, the hologram swells or shrinks and the apparent colour of the reconstructed image changes. The response time, operational range and reversibility of the indicator have been studied in a controlled humidity environment. Response times from less than a minute to tens of minutes depending on the holograms physical properties have been measured. Indicators with …

Go to article

Next Last