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Articles 1 - 30 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Novel Concepts In Semiconductor Disk Lasers, Zhou Yang
Novel Concepts In Semiconductor Disk Lasers, Zhou Yang
Optical Science and Engineering ETDs
Optically-pumped semiconductor disk lasers (SDLs) have received much attention in recent years for a myriad of applications requiring intracavity access, good beam quality, wavelength versatility, and high output powers. The traditional scheme of these lasers feature a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) integrated with the active region, together forming an active mirror in an external free-space cavity. The active mirror component is fabricated by either epitaxial growth or post-growth processing. This places certain restrictions on SDL design, as material system choices become limited. It further viii hinders laser performance with regard to its thermal management and laser bandwidth (tuning range). …
Nanoscale Thermal And Electronic Properties Of Thin Films Of Graphene And Organic Polyradicals, Sabastine Chukwuemeka Ezugwu
Nanoscale Thermal And Electronic Properties Of Thin Films Of Graphene And Organic Polyradicals, Sabastine Chukwuemeka Ezugwu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Ultrathin film materials have attracted significant attention in light of their potential applications in very large scale integrated electronics and data storage. For instance, the amount of data that can be addressed and stored in a memory device scales inversely with the thinness of the active layer of these components. In our thesis, we have developed a suite of scanning-probe and nano-optical techniques focused on understanding the electronic surface properties and the thermal conductivity of ultrathin materials. We discuss a few specific examples in which we applied these techniques towards improved performance of thin films of graphene and organic polyradicals …
Scatterometry Of 50 Nm Half Pitch Features, Ruichao Zhu
Scatterometry Of 50 Nm Half Pitch Features, Ruichao Zhu
Optical Science and Engineering ETDs
Metrology technologies are an essential adjunct to Integrated Circuit (I.C.) Semiconductor manufacturing. Scatterometry, an optical metrology, was chosen to measure 50 nm half pitch feature structures. A bread-board scatterometry system has been assembled to provide a non-contact, non-destructive, accurate and flexible measurement. A real-time, on-line scatterometry system has also been demonstrated and proven to provide a high throughput measurement.
Three different types of samples have been measured using the scatterometry setup. The wire-grid polarizer (WGP) sample has been made by Jet and Flash Nanoimprint Lithography with ~100 nm pitch and ~50 nm wide ~200 nm tall Al gratings on fused …
Plasmonic Devices Based On Transparent Conducting Oxides For Near Infrared Applications, Kim Jongbum
Plasmonic Devices Based On Transparent Conducting Oxides For Near Infrared Applications, Kim Jongbum
Open Access Dissertations
In the past decade, there have been many breakthroughs in the field of plasmonics and nanophotonics that have enabled optical devices with unprecedented functionalities. Even though remarkable demonstration of at photonic devices has been reported, constituent materials are limited to the noble metals such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) due to their abundance of free electrons which enable the support of plasmon resonances in the visible range. With the strong demand for extension of the optical range of plasmonic applications, it is now a necessity to explore and develop alternative materials which can overcome intrinsic issues of noble metals …
Dynamic Holography In Semiconductors And Biomedical Optics, Hao Sun
Dynamic Holography In Semiconductors And Biomedical Optics, Hao Sun
Open Access Dissertations
Three-dimensional scanning and display are rapidly-advancing new technologies with important commercial drivers such as 3D printing and remote imaging for big data applications. Holography is a natural approach to recording and displaying three-dimensional information because it uses phase-sensitive interferometry to record interference patterns when a reference beam encounters coherent light arriving from an object. The 3D information is contained in the values of wave optics. Holography is a broad field that goes beyond recording and displaying. For instance, holographic optical elements, which take advantage of holographic imaging principles, perform the functions of lenses, gratings or mirrors. Holographic interferometry is also …
Investigating High Speed Localization Microscopy Through Experimental Methods, Data Processing Methods, And Applications Of Localization Microscopy To Biological Questions, Andrew J. Nelson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy(FPALM) and other super resolution localization microscopy techniques can resolve structures with nanoscale resolution. Unlike techniques of electron microscopy, they are also compatible with live cell and live animal studies, making FPALM and related techniques ideal for answering questions about the dynamic nature of molecular biology in living systems. Many processes in biology occur on rapid sub second time scales requiring the imaging technique to be capable of resolving these processes not just with a high enough spatial resolution, but with an appropriate temporal resolution. To that end, this Dissertation in part investigates high speed FPALM as …
Wave Propagation And Imaging In Structured Optical Media, Zun Huang
Wave Propagation And Imaging In Structured Optical Media, Zun Huang
Open Access Dissertations
Structured optical media, usually characterized by periodic patterns of inhomogeneities in bulk materials, provide a new approach to ultimate control of wave propagation with possible practical applications: from distributed feedback lasers by diffraction gratings, to highly nonlinear performance for super-continuum generation, to fiber-optic telecommunications by microstructured photonic crystal fibers, to invisibility cloaking, to super-resolution imaging with metamaterials etc.
In particular, structured optical media allow to manipulate the wave propagation and dispersion. In this thesis, we focus on engineering the propagation phase dispersion by modulating the compositions and dimensions of the periodic elements. By tailoring the dispersion in momentum space, we …
Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy In Nitrogen/Oxygen Mixtures In The Presence Of Alpha Radiation, Sidney John Gautrau
Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy In Nitrogen/Oxygen Mixtures In The Presence Of Alpha Radiation, Sidney John Gautrau
Master's Theses
This research was part of an effort to experimentally validate computational models under development for radiation-induced atmospheric effects. Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) was used to measure the concentration of chemical products generated as a result of radiation interactions in a controlled atmosphere. Experiments were conducted in a vacuum chamber interfaced with a gas introduction system that controlled the initial atmospheric composition. A quadrupole mass spectrometer and tunable dye laser were integrated to confirm initial atmospheric composition, and provide wavelength flexibility for detecting a variety of chemical products generated by radiation interactions. CRDS measurements were made for ozone production resulting from …
Quantitative Optical Studies Of Oxidative Stress In Rodent Models Of Eye And Lung Injuries, Zahra Ghanian
Quantitative Optical Studies Of Oxidative Stress In Rodent Models Of Eye And Lung Injuries, Zahra Ghanian
Theses and Dissertations
Optical imaging techniques have emerged as essential tools for reliable assessment of organ structure, biochemistry, and metabolic function. The recognition of metabolic markers for disease diagnosis has rekindled significant interest in the development of optical methods to measure the metabolism of the organ.
The objective of my research was to employ optical imaging tools and to implement signal and image processing techniques capable of quantifying cellular metabolism for the diagnosis of diseases in human organs such as eyes and lungs. To accomplish this goal, three different tools, cryoimager, fluorescent microscope, and optical coherence tomography system were utilized to study the …
Fabrication Of Infrared Photodetectors Utilizing Lead Selenide Nanocrystals, Justin Anthony Hill
Fabrication Of Infrared Photodetectors Utilizing Lead Selenide Nanocrystals, Justin Anthony Hill
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Colloidal lead selenide and lead selenide / lead sulfide core/shell nanocrystals were grown using a wet chemical synthesis procedure. Absorbance and photoluminescence measurements were made to verify the quality of the produced nanocrystals. Absorbance spectra were measured at room temperature, while photoluminescence spectra were measured at 77 K. Organic ligands were exchanged for shorter ligands in order to increase the conductivity of the nanocrystals. Absorption and PL spectra for both core and core/shell nanocrystals were compared. Interdigital photodetector devices with varying channel widths were fabricated by depositing gold onto a glass substrate. Lead selenide nanocrystals were deposited onto these metallic …
Discord And Global Discord In Systems Of Coupled Quantum Dots In Driven Cavities With Dissipation, And A Method For The Calculation Of Global Discord, Willa Danielle Rawlinson
Discord And Global Discord In Systems Of Coupled Quantum Dots In Driven Cavities With Dissipation, And A Method For The Calculation Of Global Discord, Willa Danielle Rawlinson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In the field of quantum information, which is subdivided into quantum computing and quantum cryptography, quantum correlations are essential for a performance or security boost not achievable with classical means. Various quantum correlation measures exist for evaluating a state’s potential to be a qubit (quantum bit). Entanglement, or nonseparability of quantum states, is the older, better known class of measures. However, for a mixed state, quantum entanglement is an incomplete measure of quantumness. Quantum discord, and its multibody extension global discord, encompass all quantum correlations. We study systems of coupled quantum dots using these measures.
We study the discord of …
Measuring Nonlinear Properties Of Graphene Thin Films Using Z-Scan Technique, Thekrayat Hassan Al Abdulaal
Measuring Nonlinear Properties Of Graphene Thin Films Using Z-Scan Technique, Thekrayat Hassan Al Abdulaal
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The nonlinear studies of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, specifically graphene, are very significant since graphene is finding its usefulness in handling the enormous heat in nanoscale high-density power electronics. Graphene has emerged to be a promising nanomaterial as an excellent heat spreader due to its high thermal conductivity. However, the experimental nonlinear study of graphene materials and their application in developing future optoelectronic devices demands for more developed research.
The research objective is first to build a precise, and sensitive technique to investigate and understand the thermal nonlinear properties, including nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), and thermo-optic coefficient …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Fabrication Of All Inorganic Quantum Dot Leds, Haider Baqer Salman
Synthesis, Characterization, And Fabrication Of All Inorganic Quantum Dot Leds, Haider Baqer Salman
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quantum Dot LEDs with all inorganic materials are investigated in this thesis. The research was motivated by the potential disruptive technology of core shell quantum dots in lighting and display applications. These devices consisted of three main layers: hole transport layer (HTL), electron transport layer (ETL), and emissive layer where the emission of photons occurs. The latter part was formed of CdSe / ZnS core-shell quantum dots, which were synthesized following hot injection method. The ETL and the HTL were formed of zinc oxide nanocrystals and nickel oxide, respectively. Motivated by the low cost synthesis and deposition, NiO and ZnO …
Resonant Light Scattering From Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Kumarasiri Konthasinghe
Resonant Light Scattering From Semiconductor Quantum Dots, Kumarasiri Konthasinghe
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this work, resonant laser spectroscopy has been utilized in two major projects --resonance fluorescence measurements in solid-state quantum-confined nanostructures and laser-induced fluorescence measurements in gases. The first project focuses on studying resonant light-matter interactions in semiconductor quantum dots "artificial atoms" with potential applications in quantum information science. Of primary interest is the understanding of fundamental processes and how they are affected by the solid-state matrix. Unlike atoms, quantum dots are susceptible to a variety of environmental influences such as phonon scattering and spectral diffusion. These interactions alter the desired properties of the scattered light and hinder uses in certain …
Control Of Spontanous Emission From Quantum Emitters Using Hyperbolic Metamaterial Substrates, Tal Galfsky
Control Of Spontanous Emission From Quantum Emitters Using Hyperbolic Metamaterial Substrates, Tal Galfsky
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are so named for possessing a hyperboloid-shaped dispersion which gives rise to a large photonic density of states. Quantum emitters placed inside or in the near-field of a HMM have been shown to exhibit strong enhancement of spontaneous emission due to the increase in available states. This thesis focuses on enhancing spontaneous emission of quantum emitters in optical frequencies by utilizing multilayered metal/dielectric composites that form these highly anisotropic metamaterials. In conjunction with the enhanced decay rate we experimentally demonstrate two methods for shaping and directing radiation trapped in the HMM into free space by employing a …
Photonic Crystals With Alternate Arrays Of Rods And Holes In A Low Dielectric-Index Material, Dimitar L. Dimitrov
Photonic Crystals With Alternate Arrays Of Rods And Holes In A Low Dielectric-Index Material, Dimitar L. Dimitrov
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis theoretically deals with the propagation of electromagnetic waves (light beams) in periodically modulated dielectric material structures based on Maxwell’s equations. We are interested in novel light propagation characteristics in these man-made dielectric material structures for practical applications, especially on optical communications and computations. Since the wavelength range of light is on the same order of magnitude as the modulation periods of dielectric materials, an analogy of the light propagation in dielectric-constant modulated structures with the electron transport in solid-state crystals is used throughout my thesis by using a term “photonic crystals (PhCs)” referring to these dielectric structures. I …
Transmission Of Focused Picosecond Light Pulse Through Multimode Fibers, Yin Cen
Transmission Of Focused Picosecond Light Pulse Through Multimode Fibers, Yin Cen
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis focuses on a technique of delivering spatially focused and temporally compressed picosecond laser pulses through multimode fibers. This study was inspired by recent success in focusing light through optically diffusive media of which multimode fibers were a special case in terms of causing scrambled phase distribution in the transmitted light. The approach involved controlling the phase distribution of incoming beam using a deformable mirror prior to its entry into the multimode fiber in order to achieve constructive interference at selected spots in the output. With phase control, the intensity of the focused light at the output can be …
Optical Theory Improvements To Space Domain Awareness, Tyler J. Hardy
Optical Theory Improvements To Space Domain Awareness, Tyler J. Hardy
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on increasing the ability to detect space objects and increase Space Domain Awareness (SDA) with space surveillance sensors through image processing and optical theory. SDA observations are collected through ground-based radar and optical systems as well as space based assets. This research focuses on a ground-based optical telescope system, the Space Surveillance Telescope (SST). By increasing the number of detectable Resident Space Objects (RSOs) through image processing, SDA capabilities can be expanded. This is accomplished through addressing two main degrading factors present in typical SDA sensors; spatial undersampling in the collected data and noise models and assumptions …
Parametric Design, Modeling, And Optical Evaluation Of Retroreflective Prismatic Structures, Sama Hussein
Parametric Design, Modeling, And Optical Evaluation Of Retroreflective Prismatic Structures, Sama Hussein
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Retroreflectors (RR) are defined as passive optical structures that redirect incident light to its originating source. Specific types of retroreflectors called inverted cubes (ICs) function through total internal reflection (TIR) and are used in various applications such as measurement tools, traffic signs and automotive rear and side lighting. This thesis aims to model, analyze, fabricate and study a novel type of IC retroreflectors called right triangular prism (RTP). A parametric approach is used to model existing IC geometries from a generic unit cube and is then implemented to model the novel RTP geometry. Those elements are then tested by optical …
Nanophotonics For Dark Materials, Filters, And Optical Magnetism, Mengren Man
Nanophotonics For Dark Materials, Filters, And Optical Magnetism, Mengren Man
Open Access Dissertations
Research on nanophotonic structures for three application areas is described, a near perfect optical absorber based on a graphene/dielectric stack, an ultraviolet bandpass filter formed with an aluminum/dielectric stack, and structures exhibiting homogenizable magnetic properties at infrared frequencies. The graphene stack can be treated as a effective, homogenized medium that can be designed to reflect little light and absorb an astoundingly high amount per unit thickness, making it an ideal dark material and providing a new avenue for photonic devices based on two-dimensional materials. Another material stack arrangement with thin layers of metal and insulator forms a multi-cavity filter that …
Designs And Reliability Evaluations Of A Scattered Light Measurement System, Kang-Min Lee
Designs And Reliability Evaluations Of A Scattered Light Measurement System, Kang-Min Lee
Graduate Theses - Physics and Optical Engineering
The purpose of my work was to develop an in-plane stray light measurement system having the advantage of being easily applicable in both motion control and optical configurations. First of all, mechanical designs were conducted based on both 3D modeling and structural analysis through a finite element method (FEM). Optical configurations for both the incident source and the detector were designed to achieve minimum observed source convergence angle of the system. The control panel and micro stepping system were programmed for automated measurement. Finally, the designed system was calibrated and aligned. In order to evaluate the system reliability for scatter …
Investigation Of Cellular Microenvironments And Heterogeneity With Biodynamic Imaging, Daniel Alexander Merrill
Investigation Of Cellular Microenvironments And Heterogeneity With Biodynamic Imaging, Daniel Alexander Merrill
Open Access Dissertations
Imaging of biological tissue in a relevant environment is critical to accurately assessing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents in combatting cancer. Though many three-dimensional (3D) culture models exist, conventional in vitro assays continue to use two-dimensional (2D) cultures because of the difficulty in imaging through deep tissue. 3D tomographic imaging techniques exist and are being used in the development of 3D efficacy assays. However, most of these assays look at therapy endpoint (dead or living cancer cell count) and do not capture the dynamics of tissue response.
Biodynamic imaging (BDI) is a 3D tomographic imaging and assay technique that uses …
Forward Light Scattering In An Extended Sample Of Cold Atoms, Stetson Roof
Forward Light Scattering In An Extended Sample Of Cold Atoms, Stetson Roof
Physics Theses & Dissertations
We present results on the forward emitted light from a cold atomic sample of 87Rb. Specifically,we study single-photon superradiance which is characterized by a rapid decay faster than the single atom lifetime with the light preferentially emitted in the forward direction. Additionally, we report measurements on its counterpart, the cooperative Lamb shift. The results are interpreted using microscopic light scattering theory as well as techniques from classical optics. The comparison of the two analytical techniques provides a new perspectiveon what is meant by cooperative and collective scattering effects in cold atomic physics.
Phase Sensitive Thermography Of Magnetostrictive Materials Under Periodic Excitations, Peng Yang
Phase Sensitive Thermography Of Magnetostrictive Materials Under Periodic Excitations, Peng Yang
Theses and Dissertations
The use of giant magnetostrictive materials in actuator and sensor applications is still relatively new. Giant magnetostrictive materials, such as Terfenol-D, are unique in producing large deformation under a magnetic field. Applications of these materials in solid state actuators and transducers may require more knowledge on the interaction between geometry and material properties for a specific design. In order to gain more understanding of the magnetostriction mechanism, phase sensitive or lock-in thermography has been used to study Terfenol-D. Thermography is useful in that it allows for full field measurement of the surface of an object with a relatively simple setup. …
Study Of Plasmonic Properties Of The Gold Nanorods In The Visible To Near Infrared Light Regime, Pijush Kanti Ghosh
Study Of Plasmonic Properties Of The Gold Nanorods In The Visible To Near Infrared Light Regime, Pijush Kanti Ghosh
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Nanostructures of noble metals show unique plasmonic behavior in the visible to near-infrared light range. Gold nanostructures exhibit a particularly strong plasmonic response for these wavelengths of light. In this study we have investigated optical enhancement and absorption of gold nanorods with different thickness using finite element method simulations. This study reports on the resonance wavelength of the sharp-corner and round-corner rectangles of constant length 100 nm and width 60 nm. The result shows that resonance wavelength depends on the polarization of the incident light; there also exists a strong dependence of the optical enhancement and absorption on the thickness …
Digging Deeper With Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy, Kyle J. Verdecchia
Digging Deeper With Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy, Kyle J. Verdecchia
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Patients with neurological diseases are vulnerable to cerebral ischemia, which can lead to brain injury. In the intensive care unit (ICU), neuromonitoring techniques that can detect flow reductions would enable timely administration of therapies aimed at restoring adequate cerebral perfusion, thereby avoiding damage to the brain. However, suitable bedside neuromonitoring methods sensitive to changes of blood flow and/or oxygen metabolism have yet to be established.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising technique capable of non-invasively monitoring flow and oxygenation. Specifically, diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and time-resolved (TR) NIRS can be used to monitor blood flow and tissue oxygenation, respectively, and …
Surface Roughness Effects On Light Propagation In Optical Light Pipes, Youngjin Park
Surface Roughness Effects On Light Propagation In Optical Light Pipes, Youngjin Park
Graduate Theses - Physics and Optical Engineering
Solid- and hollow-core light pipes are commonly employed to shape the intensity profile of high power lasers for applications in various technology industries such as the automobile, medical, and communications. There are several loss mechanisms present in solid-core glass and polymer light pipes, including absorption, bulk scattering in the material, surface scattering at the material-air interface, and Fresnel Loss at the material-air interface. Fresnel reflection and surface scattering losses typically dominate over other loss mechanisms in solid-core light pipes made of high quality optical materials. In order to analyze the losses in the light pipe, an approximate model is developed …
Emergence Of Collective Light Scattering In Atomic 87Rb Samples, Kasie Jean Kemp
Emergence Of Collective Light Scattering In Atomic 87Rb Samples, Kasie Jean Kemp
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Over the past half century, atomic ensembles have been used to create sensors, clocks, and quantum information systems. As these devices become more compact, and as the number of atoms increases to improve the sensitivity for detection, the atomic samples are increasing in density and optical depth. As such, the spectroscopic properties of the atomic media are modified due to interactions among the particles in the ensemble. We report investigation of near-resonance light scattering from a cold atomic sample of 87Rb. Initially prepared in a magneto-optical trap, the atoms are loaded into a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) in which …
Microcavity Enhanced Raman Scattering, Benjamin James Petrak
Microcavity Enhanced Raman Scattering, Benjamin James Petrak
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Raman scattering can accurately identify molecules by their intrinsic vibrational frequencies, but its notoriously weak scattering efficiency for gases presents a major obstacle to its practical application in gas sensing and analysis. This work explores the use of high finesse (50 000) Fabry-Pérot microcavities as a means to enhance Raman scattering from gases. A recently demonstrated laser ablation method, which carves out a micromirror template on fused silica--either on a fiber tip or bulk substrates-- was implemented, characterized, and optimized to fabricate concave micromirror templates ~10 µm diameter and radius of curvature. The fabricated templates were coated with a high-reflectivity …
Laminar Flame Combustion Diagnostics Using Imaging Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Michael R. Rhoby
Laminar Flame Combustion Diagnostics Using Imaging Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Michael R. Rhoby
Theses and Dissertations
Laminar flames are an important tool in combustion diagnostics with a host of pre-existing experimental research methods. Currently, however, no method captures time-resolved scalar profile estimates of temperature, and major species concentrations with a single measurement. This work provides IFTS with the capability to measure time-resolved 3D imaging of scalar values in laminar axisymmetric flames. This will make IFTS a useful tool for understanding combustion phenomenon, validating chemical kinetic models, verifying numerical simulations, and system performance estimate. Two algorithms are presented. The first reconstructs spectra as a function of flame period. Through selectively averaging over an ensemble of measurements, interferograms …