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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Nitrogen Deposition In China: Synthesis Of Observational Data, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu, Hanqin Tian
Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Nitrogen Deposition In China: Synthesis Of Observational Data, Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu, Hanqin Tian
Chaoqun (Crystal) Lu
Anthropogenic nitrous pollutant emissions in China significantly increased during the last decades, which contributed to the accelerated nitrogen (N) deposition. In order to characterize spatial pattern of nitrogen deposition, we employed the kriging technique to interpolate sampling data of precipitation chemistry and ambient air concentration from site-network observations over China. The estimation of wet deposition in China was limited to aqueous NO3− and NH4+, while ambient NO2 was the only species involved in the predicted dry deposition fluxes. To obtain wet deposition fluxes, precipitation concentration was multiplied by 20-year mean precipitation amounts with a resolution of 10 × 10 km. …
Approaches To Mitigating Decayed Buried Timber Within Railway Embankments, Barry A. Palynchuk Phd
Approaches To Mitigating Decayed Buried Timber Within Railway Embankments, Barry A. Palynchuk Phd
Barry A. Palynchuk PhD
During the last three years, several sinkholes have been observed along CPR railway lines in Southern Ontario. The sinkholes have formed as a result of the decay of buried timber trestles in railway embankments. Although it has not occurred the sinkholes could result in hazardous changes in track geometry under load. This study summarizes the site investigation results and remedial methods implemented at five sites in southern Ontario. Remedial methods include placement geosynthetic reinforcement, soil-cement column reinforcement and grouting of voids at the trestle bents. The design, installation methods and construction constraints for the remedial options are described in this …
Top Ten Geological Reason To Use The Library, Maxine G. Schmidt
Top Ten Geological Reason To Use The Library, Maxine G. Schmidt
Maxine G Schmidt
Geoscience researchers rely heavily on electronic resources. Unfortunately, they tend to access these resources through Google, or, sometimes, Google Scholar. The Library has provided resources which cannot be found or cannot be accessed using Google.
Preliminary Model Tests For The Design Of A Gliding Deep Water Elevator, Christopher Roman, T. Gregory, E. Martin, A. Sanguinetti, J. Drummond
Preliminary Model Tests For The Design Of A Gliding Deep Water Elevator, Christopher Roman, T. Gregory, E. Martin, A. Sanguinetti, J. Drummond
Christopher N. Roman
This paper presents progress on the design of a "smart elevator" to be used in conjunction with deep sea ROV operations. Deep sea elevators are gravity driven untethered platforms used to deliver and or return items from the sea floor. Elevators are used when items are too large or heavy to be handled by the ROV, or when the turn around time to recover and redeploy the ROV system for sample removal is prohibitive. Unfortunately, efficiency is complicated by the precision with which elevators can be landed at a specific location on the bottom and recovered on the surface because …
Multimodel Projections Of Stratospheric Ozone In The 21st Century, V. Eyring, D. W. Waugh, G. E. Bodeker, Eugene C. Cordero, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. R. Beagley, B. A. Boville, P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, M. Deushi, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, D. R. Marsh, S. Matthes, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, J. F. Scinocca, K. Semeniuk, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, B. Steil, R. S. Stolarski, W. Tian, M. Yoshiki
Multimodel Projections Of Stratospheric Ozone In The 21st Century, V. Eyring, D. W. Waugh, G. E. Bodeker, Eugene C. Cordero, H. Akiyoshi, J. Austin, S. R. Beagley, B. A. Boville, P. Braesicke, C. Brühl, N. Butchart, M. P. Chipperfield, M. Dameris, R. Deckert, M. Deushi, S. M. Frith, R. R. Garcia, A. Gettelman, M. A. Giorgetta, D. E. Kinnison, E. Mancini, E. Manzini, D. R. Marsh, S. Matthes, T. Nagashima, P. A. Newman, J. E. Nielsen, S. Pawson, G. Pitari, D. A. Plummer, E. Rozanov, M. Schraner, J. F. Scinocca, K. Semeniuk, T. G. Shepherd, K. Shibata, B. Steil, R. S. Stolarski, W. Tian, M. Yoshiki
Eugene C. Cordero
[1] Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout the 21st century. The model-to-model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling of the stratosphere over the next 5 decades, increasing from around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa to around 1 K/decade at 1 hPa under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. In general, the simulated ozone evolution is mainly determined by decreases in halogen concentrations and continued cooling of …
Design Of A Gas Tight Water Sampler For Auv Operations, Christopher Roman, R. Camilli
Design Of A Gas Tight Water Sampler For Auv Operations, Christopher Roman, R. Camilli
Christopher N. Roman
This paper presents the design and preliminary test results for a small gas tight water sampler intended to work on scientific AUVs. In recent years AUVs have developed into reliable platforms capable of carrying a wide variety of environmental sensors for in-situ chemical measurements. Physical sample collection however remains difficult, due to the combination of space, power and complexity constraints inherent in working with autonomous platforms. The AUV sampler is a small (12 cm times 85 cm) cylindrical package designed to collect eight 20 ml gas tight volumes of water, with each sample maintained at high pressure to depths of …
Dialogue Television: The Climate Engineers, James Fleming
Dialogue Television: The Climate Engineers, James Fleming
James R. Fleming
The problem of global warming is getting massive public attention. This comes forty years after the first major government report outlining the problem. But there is considerable disagreement over what steps should be taken to mitigate the problem and some scientist fear that politicians are not displaying sufficient urgency. James Fleming describes the technological quick fixes proposed by some scientists and the problems they might create.
Guest Perspective: Energy Efficiency And Conservation: The Most Cost-Effective Approach To Climate Change, John Dernbach
Guest Perspective: Energy Efficiency And Conservation: The Most Cost-Effective Approach To Climate Change, John Dernbach
John C. Dernbach
No abstract provided.
International, Cooperative Research In The Apuseni Mountains Of Western Romania, Lee J. Florea, Bogdan P. Onac
International, Cooperative Research In The Apuseni Mountains Of Western Romania, Lee J. Florea, Bogdan P. Onac
Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.
In May of 2006, nine American scientists and cavers from the Karst Research Group at the University of South Florida traveled to western Romania to attend and present at an international conference on records of climate change in caves in the historic Roman town of Baile Hurculane. The conference, co-sponsored by the “Emil Racoviţă” Speleological Institute of Romania and the Karst Waters Institute, drew more than 100 experts in the field of climate change and karst, and was a wonderful time spent alongside the thermal springs and Austro-Hungarian bathhouses nestled within the massive limestone canyon of the Cerna River. Following …
Rectification Of The Bias In The Wavelet Power Spectrum, Yonggang Liu, X. San Liang, Robert H. Weisberg
Rectification Of The Bias In The Wavelet Power Spectrum, Yonggang Liu, X. San Liang, Robert H. Weisberg
Yonggang Liu
This paper addresses a bias problem in the estimate of wavelet power spectra for atmospheric and oceanic datasets. For a time series comprised of sine waves with the same amplitude at different frequencies the conventionally adopted wavelet method does not produce a spectrum with identical peaks, in contrast to a Fourier analysis. The wavelet power spectrum in this definition, that is, the transform coefficient squared (to within a constant factor), is equivalent to the integration of energy (in physical space) over the influence period (time scale) the series spans. Thus, a physically consistent definition of energy for the wavelet power …
Current Patterns On The West Florida Shelf From Joint Self-Organizing Map Analyses Of Hf Radar And Adcp Data, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg, Lynn K. Shay
Current Patterns On The West Florida Shelf From Joint Self-Organizing Map Analyses Of Hf Radar And Adcp Data, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg, Lynn K. Shay
Yonggang Liu
To assess the spatial structures and temporal evolutions of distinct physical processes on the West Florida Shelf, patterns of ocean current variability are extracted from a joint HF radar and ADCP dataset acquired from August to September 2003 using Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analyses. Three separate ocean– atmosphere frequency bands are considered: semidiurnal, diurnal, and subtidal. The currents in the semidiurnal band are relatively homogeneous in space, barotropic, clockwise polarized, and have a neap-spring modulation consistent with semidiurnal tides. The currents in the diurnal band are less homogeneous, more baroclinic, and clockwise polarized, consistent with a combination of diurnal tides and …
An Ozone-Modified Refractive Index For Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene C. Cordero
An Ozone-Modified Refractive Index For Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves, Terrence R. Nathan, Eugene C. Cordero
Eugene C. Cordero
[1] An ozone-modified refractive index (OMRI) is derived for vertically propagating planetary waves using a mechanistic model that couples quasigeostrophic potential vorticity and ozone volume mixing ratio. The OMRI clarifies how wave-induced heating due to ozone photochemistry, ozone transport, and Newtonian cooling (NC) combine to affect wave propagation, attenuation, and drag on the zonal mean flow. In the photochemically controlled upper stratosphere, the wave-induced ozone heating (OH) always augments the NC, whereas in the dynamically controlled lower stratosphere, the wave-induced OH may augment or reduce the NC depending on the detailed nature of the wave vertical structure and zonal mean …
The Climate Engineers: Playing God To Save The Planet, James Fleming
The Climate Engineers: Playing God To Save The Planet, James Fleming
James R. Fleming
As alarm over global warming spreads, a radical idea is gaining momentum. Forget cuts in greenhouse-gas emissions, some scientists argue. Find a technological fix. Bounce sunlight back into space by pumping reflective nanoparticles into the atmosphere. Launch mirrors into orbit around the earth. Create a “planetary thermostat.” But what sounds like science fiction is actually an old story. For more than a century, scientists, soldiers, and charlatans have hatched schemes to manipulate the weather and climate. Like them, today’s aspiring climate engineers wildly exaggerate what is possible, and they scarcely consider political, military, and ethical implications of attempting to manage …
U.S. Policy, John Dernbach
Stabilizing And Then Reducing U.S. Energy Consumption: Legal And Policy Tools For Efficiency And Conservation, John Dernbach
Stabilizing And Then Reducing U.S. Energy Consumption: Legal And Policy Tools For Efficiency And Conservation, John Dernbach
John C. Dernbach
Rising global demand for energy, high energy prices, climate change, and the threat of terrorism all point to the need for greater energy efficiency and conservation in the United States. While technological innovation is plainly needed, our laws and institutional arrangements must also play an important role. The United States has scores of legal and policy tools from which to choose to improve energy efficiency and curb energy consumption. This article evaluates a handful of these tools: transit-oriented development; fuel taxation; real-time pricing for electricity use; public benefit funds; improved efficiency in existing residential and commercial buildings; and expanded use …
Overcoming The Behavioral Impetus For Greater U.S. Energy Consumption, John C. Dernbach
Overcoming The Behavioral Impetus For Greater U.S. Energy Consumption, John C. Dernbach
John C. Dernbach
No abstract provided.