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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Climate. Stern Review: The Economics Of Climate Change, Nicholas Stern Jul 2007

Climate. Stern Review: The Economics Of Climate Change, Nicholas Stern

New England Journal of Public Policy

This chapter examines the increasingly serious impacts on people as the world warms. Climate change is a serious and urgent issue. The Earth has already warmed by 0.7°C since around 1900 and is committed to further warming over coming decades simply due to past emissions. On current trends, average global temperatures could rise by 2–3°C within the next fifty years or so, with several degrees more in the pipeline by the end of the century if emissions continue to grow. This chapter examines how the physical changes in climate . . . affect the essential components of lives and livelihoods …


Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006, Shaun O'Connell Jul 2007

Climate. A Period Of Consequence: Environmental Literature Of 2006, Shaun O'Connell

New England Journal of Public Policy

The author talks about the consequences of not respecting the climate and understanding global warming will cause ecocide and our own extinction.


Climate. Scrubbing The Sky: Climate Change And The Productive Center, Marcy Murninghan Jul 2007

Climate. Scrubbing The Sky: Climate Change And The Productive Center, Marcy Murninghan

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article sketches out the efforts of government, business, and civil society to address the problem of climate change. It identifies some of the key initiatives underway — including proposals for more stringent caps on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; the creation of a market-based trading system that provides incentives and profits for entities that reduce their GHG emission levels; more robust research and development of alternative energy sources as well as new approaches to traditional ones; and continued public education — and portrays the bipartisan, collaborative, multilateral nature of saving Mother Nature. While acknowledging that ultimately these efforts may be …


The Freak Wave Mystery ??A New Hypothesis For Its Occurrence, Nai-Kuang Liang Jun 2007

The Freak Wave Mystery ??A New Hypothesis For Its Occurrence, Nai-Kuang Liang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Freak waves are known as a maritime myth, which have damaged large cargo and cruise ships. So far freak waves are explained by strong current focusing and nonlinear wave interaction. The latter may results in a single large wave. However this can still not explain the disappearance of the cargo ship Muenchen in December, 1978. This paper proposes a new hypothesis which stems from the wave/ swell energy flux accumulation due to the moving wind system. Nature might play the game by controlling the moving speed to approach the wave/swell group velocity.


High Resolution Dune Complex Mapping For The Monitoring Of Coastal Landform Change, First Landing State Park, Virginia, George M. Mcleod, Joe Daigneau, James Collins, Norma Swan, Thomas R. Allen Apr 2007

High Resolution Dune Complex Mapping For The Monitoring Of Coastal Landform Change, First Landing State Park, Virginia, George M. Mcleod, Joe Daigneau, James Collins, Norma Swan, Thomas R. Allen

Virginia Journal of Science

First Landing State Park is located on the southern shore of the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. The park contains a prograding shoreline and dune complex that has been steadily growing northward. Accurate three dimensional mapping of the resident coastal dune features is challenging due to the dynamic nature of the dunescape. Precise mapping within First Landing was accomplished through careful planning, employ of advanced Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, and intensive data analysis. Mapping ensued during a period of optimal satellite signal availability and strength. Data points were collected at manual intervals with a Leica GS50+ GPS receiver, utilizing …


Generation Of Internal Solitary Wave By Gravity Collapse, Chen-Yuan Chen, John Rong-Chung Hsu, Cheng-Wu Chen, Hsin-Hsun Chen, Ching-Feng Kuo, Min-Hung Cheng Feb 2007

Generation Of Internal Solitary Wave By Gravity Collapse, Chen-Yuan Chen, John Rong-Chung Hsu, Cheng-Wu Chen, Hsin-Hsun Chen, Ching-Feng Kuo, Min-Hung Cheng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the generation of an internal solitary wave (ISW) in a two-layer free surface fluid system in wave flume (12 m × 0.5 m × 0.7 m), which included wave channel and compartment. There is filled with stratified twolayer fluid system in the channel and small compartment, respectively. These two regions in the wave flume are separated by a movable vertical gate at one end of the flume for generating the ISW (internal solitary wave). An ISW generation is thus caused by gravity collapse upon raising the vertical gate. Given positive potential energies, an elevation-type …


Wave Propagation At The Interface Of A Two-Layer Fluid System In The Laboratory, Chen-Yuan Chen, John Rong-Chung Hsu, Cheng-Wu Chen, Ching-Feng Kuo, Hsin-Hsun Chen, Min-Hung Cheng Feb 2007

Wave Propagation At The Interface Of A Two-Layer Fluid System In The Laboratory, Chen-Yuan Chen, John Rong-Chung Hsu, Cheng-Wu Chen, Ching-Feng Kuo, Hsin-Hsun Chen, Min-Hung Cheng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

A series of laboratory experiments on internal solitary wave (ISW) had been conducted in a two-layer fluid system. Internal solitary waves were generated in laboratory which was controlled by several variables, including different layer thickness ratios H1/H2, interface differences ηo, and the density ratios ρ1/ρ2. The wave flume used in this experiment was 12 meter long with a cross-section 0.5 m wide by 0.7m in height. Five ultrasonic probes placed at equidistance recorded the interface fluctuations, and one density probe measured the change of density across the interface. Data collection and processing were carried out via control software. This paper …


Comparison Of Aquatic-Insect Habitat And Diversity Above And Below Road Crossings In Low-Order Streams, J. Wesley Neal, Nathan J. Harris, Sathyanand Kumaran, David A. Behler, Thomas J. Lang, Paul R. Port, Marcella Melandri, Benjamin G. Batten Jan 2007

Comparison Of Aquatic-Insect Habitat And Diversity Above And Below Road Crossings In Low-Order Streams, J. Wesley Neal, Nathan J. Harris, Sathyanand Kumaran, David A. Behler, Thomas J. Lang, Paul R. Port, Marcella Melandri, Benjamin G. Batten

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The effects of road crossings on fish communities have been extensively studied; yet little attention has been given to macroinvertebrate communities. This study evaluated physical stream characteristics, water quality, and aquatic-insect richness from above and below road crossings of low-order streams in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas. Fifteen road crossings were sampled during October and November 2005. Erosion was significantly higher below road crossings than above. Sites downstream of road crossings had significantly lower pH and significantly higher turbidity than sites upstream of road crossings. Despite differences in water quality and habitat, there was no apparent difference in aquatic-insect …