Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Open Access Articles

Dynamic Accretion Beneath A Slow-Spreading Ridge Segment: Iodp Hole 1473a And The Atlantis Bank Oceanic Core Complex, Henry J.B. Dick, Christopher J. Macleod, Peter Blum, Natsue Abe, Donna K. Blackman, Julie A. Bowles, M.J. Cheadle, K. Cho, Jakub Ciazela, Jeremy Deans, Virginia P. Edgcomb, C. Ferrando, Lyderic France, B. Ghosh, Benoit Ildefonse, Barbara John, Mark A. Kendrick, J. Koepke, James A.M. Leong, C. Liu, Q. Ma, T. Morishita, A. Morris, J.H. Natland, T. Nozaka, O. Pluemper, A. Sanflippo, J.B. Sylvan, Maurice A. Tivey, R. Tribuzio, G. Viegas

Faculty Publications

809 deep IODP Hole U1473A at Atlantis Bank, SWIR, is 2.2 km from 1,508‐m Hole 735B and 1.4 from 158‐m Hole 1105A. With mapping, it provides the first 3‐D view of the upper levels of a 660‐km² lower crustal batholith. It is laterally and vertically zoned, representing a complex interplay of cyclic intrusion, and ongoing deformation, with kilometer‐scale upward and lateral migration of interstial melt. Transform wall dives over the gabbro‐peridotite contact found only evolved gabbro intruded directly into the mantle near the transform. There was no high‐level melt lens, rather the gabbros crystallized at depth, and then emplaced …

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Calibration Of The Lisst-Vsf To Derive The Volume Scattering Functions In Clear Waters, Lianbo Hu, Xiaodong Zhang, Yuanheng Xiong, Ming-Xia He

Faculty Publications

The recently commercialized LISST-VSF instrument measures the volume scattering function (VSF) from 0.1° to 15° with a traditional laser diffraction unit (LISST) and from 15° to 155° with an eyeball component. Between these two optical components, only the LISST unit is calibrated. The eyeball measurements are scaled using the VSFs at 15° that are measured by both components. As this relative calibration relies on a valid measurement at 15° by the LISST, it might fail in clear oceanic waters, where the forward scattering is relative weak either due to a lack of large particles or an overall low concentration of …

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A Compilation Of Global Bio-Optical In Situ Data For Ocean-Colour Satellite Applications: Version Two, André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Baker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frounin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David Mckee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michael Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smyth-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardoski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, Giuseppe Zibordi

Faculty Publications

A global compilation of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (including, inter alia, MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT and GeP&CO) and span the period from 1997 to 2018. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and total suspended matter. The data were from …

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A Sustained Ocean Observing System In The Indian Ocean For Climate Related Scientific Knowledge And Societal Needs, J.C. Hermes, Y. Masumoto, L.M. Beal, M.K. Roxy, J. Vialard, M. Andres, H. Annamalai, S. Behera, N. D'Adamo, T. Doi, M. Feng, W. Han, N. Hardman-Mountford, H. Hendon, R. Hood, S. Kido, C. Lee, T. Lee, M. Lengaigne, J. Li, R. Lumpkin, K.N. Navaneeth, B. Milligan, M.J. Mcphaden, M. Ravichandran, T. Shinoda, A. Singh, B. Sloyan, P.G. Strutton, A.C. Subramanian, S. Thurston, T. Tozuka, C.C. Ummenhofer, A.S. Unnikrishnan, R. Venkatesan, D. Wang, J. Wiggert, L. Yu, W. Yu

Faculty Publications

The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate is uniquely driven by the presence of a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds and reversing currents. The food, water, and energy security in the Indian Ocean rim countries and islands are intrinsically tied to its climate, with marine environmental goods and services, as well as trade within the basin, underpinning their economies. Hence, there are a range of societal needs for Indian Ocean observation arising from the influence of regional phenomena and climate change on, for instance, marine ecosystems, monsoon rains, and …

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Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng-Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon

Faculty Publications

The research frontiers of radiative transfer (RT) in coupled atmosphere-ocean systems are explored to enable new science and specifically to support the upcoming Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission. Given (i) the multitude of atmospheric and oceanic constituents at any given moment that each exhibits a large variety of physical and chemical properties and (ii) the diversity of light-matter interactions (scattering, absorption, and emission), tackling all outstanding RT aspects related to interpreting and/or simulating light reflected by atmosphere-ocean systems becomes impossible. Instead, we focus on both theoretical and experimental studies of RT topics important to the science threshold …

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Deep-Ocean Mixing Driving By Small-Scale Internal Tides, Clément Vic, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, J.A. Mattias Green, Amy F. Waterhouse, Angélique Melet, Casimir De Lavergne, Maarten C. Buijsman, Gordon R. Stephenson

Faculty Publications

Turbulent mixing in the ocean is key to regulate the transport of heat, freshwater and biogeochemical tracers, with strong implications for Earth's climate. In the deep ocean, tides supply much of the mechanical energy required to sustain mixing via the generation of internal waves, known as internal tides, whose fate-the relative importance of their local versus remote breaking into turbulence-remains uncertain. Here, we combine a semi-analytical model of internal tide generation with satellite and in situ measurements to show that from an energetic viewpoint, small-scale internal tides, hitherto overlooked, account for the bulk (>50%) of global internal tide generation, …

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Reef Rover: A Low-Cost Small Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vehicle (Usv) For Mapping And Monitoring Coral Reefs, George Raber, Steven R. Schill

Faculty Publications

In the effort to design a more repeatable and consistent platform to collect data for Structure from Motion (SfM) monitoring of coral reefs and other benthic habitats, we explore the use of recent advances in open source Global Positioning System (GPS)-guided drone technology to design and test a low-cost and transportable small unmanned surface vehicle (sUSV). The vehicle operates using Ardupilot open source software and can be used by local scientists and marine managers to map and monitor marine environments in shallow areas (<20>m) with commensurate visibility. The imaging system uses two Sony a6300 mirrorless cameras to collect stereo …

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Autonomous Seawater PCo2 And Ph Time Series From 40 Surface Buoys And The Emergence Of Anthropogenic Trends, Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. Mcphaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, Robert A. Weller

Faculty Publications

Ship-based time series, some now approaching over 3 decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO₂) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous marine carbon sensors and technologies over the last 2 decades have led to the expansion of observations at fixed time series sites, thereby improving the capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability in the ocean. Here , we present a data product of 40 individual autonomous moored surface ocean pCO₂ (partial pressure of CO₂) time series established between …

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Vertical Marine Snow Distribution In The Stratified Hypersaline, And Anoxic Orca Basin (Gulf Of Mexico), Arne Diercks, Kai Ziervogel, Ryan Sibert, Samantha B. Joye, Vernon Asper

Faculty Publications

We present a complete description of the depth distribution of marine snow in Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico), from sea surface through the pycnocline to within 10 m of the seafloor. Orca Basin is an intriguing location for studying marine snow because of its unique geological and hydrographic setting: the deepest ~200 m of the basin are filled with anoxic hypersaline brine. A typical deep ocean profile of marine snow distribution was observed from the sea surface to the pycnocline, namely a surface maximum in total particle number and midwater minimum. However, instead of a nepheloid (particle-rich) layer positioned near …

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A Multiscale Approach To High-Resolution Ocean Profile Observations Within A 4dvar Analysis System, Matthew J. Carrier, John J. Osborne, Hans E. Ngodock, Scott R. Smith, Innocent Souopgui, Joseph M. D'Addezio

Faculty Publications

Most ocean data assimilation systems are tuned to process and assimilate observations to constrain features on the order of the mesoscale and larger. Typically this involves removal of observations or computing averaged observations. This procedure, while necessary, eliminates many observations from the analysis step and can reduce the overall effectiveness of a particular observing platform. Simply including these observations is not an option as doing so can produce an overdetermined, ill-conditioned problem that is more difficult to solve. An approach, presented here, aims to avoid such issues while at the same time increasing the number of observations within the assimilation. …

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Enso-Induced Co-Variability Of Salinity, Plantkton Biomass And Coastal Currents In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Luciano M. Chiaverano, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Yanyun Liu, John T. Lamkin

Faculty Publications

The northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a region strongly influenced by river discharges of freshwater and nutrients, which promote a highly productive coastal ecosystem that host commercially valuable marine species. A variety of climate and weather processes could potentially influence the river discharges into the northern GoM. However, their impacts on the coastal ecosystem remain poorly described. By using a regional ocean-biogeochemical model, complemented with satellite and in situ observations, here we show that El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a main driver of the interannual variability in salinity and plankton biomass during winter and spring. Composite analysis …

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Role Of The Atchafalaya River Basin In Regulating Export Fluxes Of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Nutrients, And Trace Elements To The Louisiana Shelf, Dongjoo Joung, Laodong Guo, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

The abundance and fluxes of selected dissolved trace elements (TE), nutrients, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were quantified in the Atchafalaya River Basin to better understand its influence on the chemical regime of the Louisiana Shelf, a region where bottom water hypoxia occurs annually during late spring to early fall. Water samples were collected from throughout the entire Atchafalaya River Basin including from the Mississippi and Red Rivers as well as basin swamp waters during April and November 2010, and June 2011, which represent “typical” high and low, and “unusual” high river discharges, respectively. Within the total dissolved (< 0.45 µm) pool, most of the TEs were mainly partitioned to the < 0.02 µm dissolved phase with the exception of Cr, Cs, Fe, Pb and Zn which were dominantly in the colloidal (0.02-0.45 µm) phase. In the Atchafalaya River, seasonal concentration variations in nutrients, DOC and most TEs were similar to those in the Mississippi River, reflecting a major contribution of water from the Mississippi River. Contributions of the Red River to the Atchafalaya River’s DOC and nutrients were estimated to be 1-35%, similar to previous estimates for this system. The Red River contribution to the fluxes of Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Mn, Pb, Rb, and Zn was generally disproportionally high (>20%), …

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Variations In The Abundance And Distribution Of Aggregates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Vernon L. Asper, Walker O. Smith

Faculty Publications

The vertical distribution and temporal changes in aggregate abundance and sizes were measured in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2002 and 2005 to acquire a more complete understanding of the mechanisms and rates of carbon export from the euphotic layer. Aggregate abundance was determined by photographic techniques, and water column parameters (temperature, salinity, fluorescence, transmissometry) were assessed from CTD profiles. During the first three years the numbers of aggregates increased seasonally, being much more abundant within the upper 200 m in late summer than in early summer from 50 to 100 m (12.5 L^–1 in early summer vs. 42.9 …

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Faculty Publications

Calibration Of The Lisst-Vsf To Derive The Volume Scattering Functions In Clear Waters, Lianbo Hu, Xiaodong Zhang, Yuanheng Xiong, Ming-Xia He

Faculty Publications

Faculty Publications

Faculty Publications

Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng-Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon

Faculty Publications

Deep-Ocean Mixing Driving By Small-Scale Internal Tides, Clément Vic, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, J.A. Mattias Green, Amy F. Waterhouse, Angélique Melet, Casimir De Lavergne, Maarten C. Buijsman, Gordon R. Stephenson

Faculty Publications

Reef Rover: A Low-Cost Small Autonomous Unmanned Surface Vehicle (Usv) For Mapping And Monitoring Coral Reefs, George Raber, Steven R. Schill

Faculty Publications

Faculty Publications

Vertical Marine Snow Distribution In The Stratified Hypersaline, And Anoxic Orca Basin (Gulf Of Mexico), Arne Diercks, Kai Ziervogel, Ryan Sibert, Samantha B. Joye, Vernon Asper

Faculty Publications

A Multiscale Approach To High-Resolution Ocean Profile Observations Within A 4dvar Analysis System, Matthew J. Carrier, John J. Osborne, Hans E. Ngodock, Scott R. Smith, Innocent Souopgui, Joseph M. D'Addezio

Faculty Publications

Enso-Induced Co-Variability Of Salinity, Plantkton Biomass And Coastal Currents In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Fabian A. Gomez, Sang-Ki Lee, Frank J. Hernandez Jr., Luciano M. Chiaverano, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Yanyun Liu, John T. Lamkin

Faculty Publications

Role Of The Atchafalaya River Basin In Regulating Export Fluxes Of Dissolved Organic Carbon, Nutrients, And Trace Elements To The Louisiana Shelf, Dongjoo Joung, Laodong Guo, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

Variations In The Abundance And Distribution Of Aggregates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Vernon L. Asper, Walker O. Smith

Faculty Publications