Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
- Keyword
-
- Climate change (2)
- Formicidae (2)
- Resilient Communities (2)
- Warming experiment (2)
- Arthropod (1)
-
- Biodiversity sampling (1)
- Biological soil crust (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Foraging (1)
- Leaf litter (1)
- Lichen (1)
- Long-term ecological research (1)
- Natural experiment (1)
- Null model (1)
- Open-top chamber (1)
- Pitfall traps (1)
- Presence-absence matrix (1)
- Randomization test (1)
- Rarefaction (1)
- Review (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Winkler sacks (1)
Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Randomization Tests For Quantifying Species Importance To Ecosystem Function, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Werner Ulrich, Fernando T. Maestre
Randomization Tests For Quantifying Species Importance To Ecosystem Function, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Werner Ulrich, Fernando T. Maestre
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
1. Quantifying the contribution of different species to ecosystem function is an important challenge. We introduce simple randomization tests (and software) for quantifying the average effect of species on ecosystem variables measured in multiple plots with and without the presence of a particular species. These randomization tests formalize the analysis of uncontrolled 'natural experiments' and quantify species effects in standardized deviation units. 2.We tested the method with data on ecosystem function in biological soil crust assemblages of lichens in semi-arid gypsum outcrops in central Spain. In sixty-three 50cm×50cm sample plots, we measured the presence and percentage cover of 17 species …
Heating Up The Forest: Open-Top Chamber Warming Manipulation Of Arthropod Communities At Harvard And Duke Forests, Shannon L. Pelini, Francis P. Bowles, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Nathan J. Sanders, Robert R. Dunn
Heating Up The Forest: Open-Top Chamber Warming Manipulation Of Arthropod Communities At Harvard And Duke Forests, Shannon L. Pelini, Francis P. Bowles, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Nathan J. Sanders, Robert R. Dunn
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
1.Recent observations indicate that climatic change is altering biodiversity, and models suggest that the consequences of climate change will differ across latitude. However, long-term experimental field manipulations that directly test the predictions about organisms' responses to climate change across latitude are lacking. Such experiments could provide a more mechanistic understanding of the consequences of climate change on ecological communities and subsequent changes in ecosystem processes, facilitating better predictions of the effects of future climate change. 2.This field experiment uses octagonal, 5-m-diameter (c.22m 3) open-top chambers to simulate warming at northern (Harvard Forest, Massachusetts) and southern (Duke Forest, North Carolina) hardwood …
Understanding Earth's Eroding Surface With 10Be, Eric W. Portenga, Paul R. Bierman
Understanding Earth's Eroding Surface With 10Be, Eric W. Portenga, Paul R. Bierman
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
For more than a century, geologists have sought to measure the distribution of erosion rates on Earth's dynamic surface. Since the mid-1980s, measurements of in situ 10Be, a cosmogenic radionuclide, have been used to estimate outcrop and basin-scale erosion rates at 87 sites around the world. Here, we compile, normalize, and compare published 10Be erosion rate data (n = 1599) in order to understand how, on a globalscale, geologic erosion rates integrated over 103 to 106 years varybetween climate zones, tectonic settings, and different rock types. Drainage basins erodemore quickly (mean = 218 m Myr-1; median = 54 m Myr-1) …
The Effects Of Climate Change On Density-Dependent Population Dynamics Of Aquatic Invertebrates, Edmund M. Hart, Nicholas J. Gotelli
The Effects Of Climate Change On Density-Dependent Population Dynamics Of Aquatic Invertebrates, Edmund M. Hart, Nicholas J. Gotelli
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Global climate change has the potential to alter aquatic communities through changes in evapotranspiration and increased variability in precipitation. We used aquatic mesocosms to test the impacts of variable precipitation on population dynamics of commonn mosquito (Culicidae) and midge (Chironomidae) larvae that inhabit vernal pools. In a mixed deciduous forest in northern Vermont, USA, we orthogonally crossed seven levels of mean water level (increased rainfall) with seven levels of water level coefficient of variation (more variable rainfall) to simulate a broad array of climate change scenarios in 49 experimental mesocosms. The average abundance of Culicidae was highest at low water …
Effects Of Short-Term Warming On Low And High Latitude Forest Ant Communities, Shannon L. Pelini, Mark Boudreau, Neil Mccoy, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Nathan J. Sanders, Robert R. Dunn
Effects Of Short-Term Warming On Low And High Latitude Forest Ant Communities, Shannon L. Pelini, Mark Boudreau, Neil Mccoy, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Nathan J. Sanders, Robert R. Dunn
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Climatic change is expected to have differential effects on ecological communities in different geographic areas. However, few studies have experimentally demonstrated the effects of warming on communities simultaneously at different locales. We manipulated air temperature with in situ passive warming and cooling chambers and quantified effects of temperature on ant abundance, diversity, and foraging activities (predation, scavenging, seed dispersal, nectivory, granivory) in two deciduous forests at 35° and 43° N latitude in the eastern U.S. In the southern site, the most abundant species, Crematogaster lineolata, increased while species evenness, most ant foraging activities, and abundance of several other ant species …
Counting Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Biodiversity Sampling And Statistical Analysis For Myrmecologists, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron M. Ellison, Robert R. Dunn, Nathan J. Sanders
Counting Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Biodiversity Sampling And Statistical Analysis For Myrmecologists, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Aaron M. Ellison, Robert R. Dunn, Nathan J. Sanders
College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications
Biodiversity sampling is labor intensive and is especially challenging for myrmecologists, because the sampling units (individual workers) do not correspond in a simple way to the natural units of diversity (individual nests). Because it is usually not possible to reach a sampling asymptote for ants, comparisons of species richness among collections have to be carefully standardized for the number of individuals and number of samples examined. Asymptotic estimators allow for extrapolation to an estimated asymptote of species richness, and rarefaction curves permit meaningful comparisons of samples by interpolating data to a standardized number of sampling units. Winkler sacks of leaf …