Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Health And Healthcare: Designing For The Social Determinants Of Health And Blue Zones In North Nashville, Rebecca Tonguis, Honor Thomas, Olivia Hobbs

Belmont University Research Symposium (BURS)

Owned by North Nashville’s First Community Church, a now empty site in the Osage-North Fisk neighborhood of North Nashville has been identified as a potential site for a new location of The Store, in addition to a community-centric architectural development based on the social determinants of health and informed by the principles behind Blue Zones, the locations with the highest lifespans in the world. Opened by Brad Paisley and Kimberly Williams-Paisley, The Store is a free grocery store that “allow[s] people to shop for their basic needs in a way that protects dignity and fosters hope”, for which North Nashville …

Eyris: From The Lab To The Market, Steven Miller, David Gomulya, Mahima Rao-Kachroo

Asian Management Insights

Singapore’s trailblazer AI algorithm for detecting diabetes-related eye diseases. Can you imagine getting the results of your eye disease screening within minutes rather than days? This capability is what EyRIS, a Singapore-based start-up that uses the AI (Artificial Intelligence)-driven Singapore Eye LEsion Analyzer (SELENA+) algorithm to screen for diabetes-related eye diseases, set out to productise and commercialise.

Decoding U.S. Tort Liability In Healthcare's Black-Box Ai Era: Lessons From The European Union, Mindy Duffourc, Sara Gerke

Faculty Scholarly Works

The rapid development of sophisticated artificial intelligence (“AI”) tools in healthcare presents new possibilities for improving medical treatment and general health. Currently, such AI tools can perform a wide range of health-related tasks, from specialized autonomous systems that diagnose diabetic retinopathy to general-use generative models like ChatGPT that answer users’ health-related questions. On the other hand, significant liability concerns arise as medical professionals and consumers increasingly turn to AI for health information. This is particularly true for black-box AI because while potentially enhancing the AI’s capability and accuracy, these systems also operate without transparency, making it difficult or even impossible …

A Reliable And Secure Mobile Cyber-Physical Digital Microfluidic Biochip For Intelligent Healthcare, Yinan Yao, Decheng Qiu, Huangda Liu, Zhongliao Yang, Ximeng Liu, Yang Yang, Chen Dong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Digital microfluidic, as an emerging and potential technology, diversifies the biochemical applications platform, such as protein dilution sewage detection. At present, a vast majority of universal cyberphysical digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) transmit data through wires via personal computers and microcontrollers (like Arduino), consequently, susceptible to various security threats and with the popularity of wireless devices, losing competitiveness gradually. On the premise that security be ensured first and foremost, calls for wireless portable, safe, and economical DMFBs are imperative to expand their application fields, engage more users, and cater to the trend of future wireless communication. To this end, a new …

Delivering Healthcare To The Underserved, Edward Booty

Asian Management Insights

Non-profits, governments, and businesses need to come together and use a data-driven approach to improve local basic healthcare access.

Healthaichain: Improving Security And Safety Using Blockchain Technology Applications In Ai-Based Healthcare Systems, Naresh Kshetri, James Hutson, Revathy G

Faculty Scholarship

Blockchain as a digital ledger for keeping records of digital transactions and other information, it is secure and decentralized technology. The globally growing number of digital population every day possesses a significant threat to online data including the medical and patients’ data. After bitcoin, blockchain technology has emerged into a general-purpose technology with applications in medical industries and healthcare. Blockchain can promote highly configurable openness while retaining the highest security standards for critical data of medical patients. Referred to as distributed record keeping for healthcare systems which makes digital assets unalterable and transparent via a cryptographic hash and decentralized network. …

Commentary On Healthcare And Disruptive Innovation, Hilary Finch, Affia Abasi-Amefon, Woosub Jung, Lucas Potter, Xavier-Lewis Palmer

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Exploits of technology have been an issue in healthcare for many years. Many hospital systems have a problem with “disruptive innovation” when introducing new technology. Disruptive innovation is “an innovation that creates a new market by applying a different set of values, which ultimately overtakes an existing market” (Sensmeier, 2012). Modern healthcare systems are historically slow to accept new technological advancements. This may be because patient-based, provider-based, or industry-wide decisions are tough to implement, giving way to dire consequences. One potential consequence is that healthcare providers may not be able to provide the best possible care to patients. For example, …

Medical Racism: Comparing Prenatal Care Across Races In The United States, Rubina Cheema

Student Research

Prenatal care describes any care a woman receives during her pregnancy. It is intended to keep both the mother and the child healthy and also to reduce the risk of complications during and after birth. This care is especially important for women with high-risk factors so that doctors and nurses are able to monitor their health and the health of their baby during the duration of their pregnancy. For prenatal care to be most effective, it is imperative to begin prenatal care within the first trimester of a woman's pregnancy. However, in the United States, medical racism creates a major …

Clinical Interactions In Electronic Medical Records Towards The Development Of A Token-Economy Model, Nicole Allison S. Co, Jason Limcaco, Hans Calvin L. Tan, Ma. Regina Justina E. Estuar, Christian E. Pulmano, Dennis Andrew Villamor, Quirino Sugon Jr, Maria Cristina G. Bautista, Paulyn Jean Acacio-Claro

Graduate School of Business Publications

The use of electronic medical records (EMRs) plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of the Universal Healthcare Law which promises quality and affordable healthcare to all Filipinos. Consequently, the current adoption of EMRs should be studied from the perspective of the healthcare provider. As most studies look into use of EMRs by doctors or patients, there are very few that extend studies to look at possible interaction of doctor and patient in the same EMR environment. Understanding this interaction paves the way for possible incentives that will increase the use and adoption of the EMR. This study uses …

Liability For Use Of Artificial Intelligence In Medicine, W. Nicholson Price, Sara Gerke, I. Glenn Cohen

Law & Economics Working Papers

While artificial intelligence has substantial potential to improve medical practice, errors will certainly occur, sometimes resulting in injury. Who will be liable? Questions of liability for AI-related injury raise not only immediate concerns for potentially liable parties, but also broader systemic questions about how AI will be developed and adopted. The landscape of liability is complex, involving health-care providers and institutions and the developers of AI systems. In this chapter, we consider these three principal loci of liability: individual health-care providers, focused on physicians; institutions, focused on hospitals; and developers.

Trust In Human-Robot Interaction Within Healthcare Services: A Review Study, Dedra Townsend, Amirhossein Majidirad

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

There has always been a dilemma of the extent to which human can rely on machines in different activities of daily living. Ranging from riding on a self-driving car to having an iRobot vacuum clean the living room. However, when it comes to healthcare settings where robots are intended to work next to human, making decision gets difficult because repercussions may jeopardize people’s life. That has led scientists and engineers to take one step back and think out of the box. Having concept of trust under scrutiny, this study helps deciphering complex human-robot interaction (HRI) attributes. Screening essential constituents of …

Big Data Analytics Applied To Healthcare, Xuejuan Zhang, Boris Vishnevsky

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Student Papers

In this paper, we review the recent literature related to Big Data Analytics (BDA). We also discuss ways of applying BDA in Healthcare. In Section 1, we discuss the definition of Big Data Analytics and its characteristics. In Section 2, we discuss the healthcare ecosystem's main stakeholders and the data of each main stakeholder. Section 3 discusses the challenges and opportunities of leveraging Big Data Analytics by healthcare stakeholders.

Prospects And Challenges Of Population Health With Online And Other Big Data In Africa; Understanding The Link To Improving Healthcare Service Delivery, Rowland Edet, Bolarinwa Afolabi

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Big data analytics offers promises to many health care service challenges and can provide answers to many population health issues. Big data is having a positive impact in almost every sphere of life in more advanced world while developing countries are striving to meet up. Even though healthcare systems in the developed world are recording some breakthroughs due to the application of big data, it is important to research the impact of big data in developing regions of the world, such as Africa and identify its peculiar needs. The purpose of this review was to summarize the challenges faced by …

Disparities In Prostate Cancer Survival In Appalachian Kentucky: A Population-Based Study, Zin W. Myint, Richard O'Neal, Quan Chen, Bin Huang, Robin C. Vanderpool, Peng Wang

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common male cancer in the USA. When comparing the incidence and mortality rates of PC, the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data of 2005–2014 show that Appalachian Kentucky had a lower incidence (113/100 000 v 137/100 000) but a higher mortality rate (23.8% v 21.8%) when compared to non-Appalachian Kentucky. The aim of this study was to further characterize the survival disparities of PC between Appalachian and non-Appalachian Kentucky.

Methods: All stages of PC patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 were collected through the Kentucky Cancer Registry. Baseline characteristics and survival outcomes were …

Proof-Of-Familiarity: A Privacy-Preserved Blockchain Scheme For Collaborative Medical Decision-Making, Jinhong Yang, Md Mehedi Hassan Hasan Onik, Nam-Yong Lee, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Chul-Soo Kim

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The current healthcare sector is facing difficulty in satisfying the growing issues, expenses, and heavy regulation of quality treatment. Surely, electronic medical records (EMRs) and protected health information (PHI) are highly sensitive, personally identifiable information (PII). However, the sharing of EMRs, enhances overall treatment quality. A distributed ledger (blockchain) technology, embedded with privacy and security by architecture, provides a transparent application developing platform. Privacy, security, and lack of confidence among stakeholders are the main downsides of extensive medical collaboration. This study, therefore, utilizes the transparency, security, and efficiency of blockchain technology to establish a collaborative medical decision-making scheme. This study …

Healthcare Robotics: Key Factors That Impact Robot Adoption In Healthcare, Sujatha Alla, Pilar Pazos

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

In the current dynamic business environment, healthcare organizations are focused on improving patient satisfaction, performance, and efficiency. The healthcare industry is considered a complex system that is highly reliant of new technologies to support clinical as well as business processes. Robotics is one of such technologies that is considered to have the potential to increase efficiency in a wide range of clinical services. Although the use of robotics in healthcare is at the early stages of adoption, some studies have shown the capacity of this technology to improve precision, accessibility through less invasive procedures, and reduction of human error during …

Better Inpatient Health Quality At Lower Cost: Should I Participate In The Online Healthcare Community First?, Kai Luo, Qiu-Hong Wang, Hock Hai Teo, Xi Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

As policy makers across the globe look to health information technology (HIT) as a meansof improving the efficiency of the healthcare systems, it has sparked significant interestin understanding how HIT might help achieve that. While researchers have examined anddocumented the efficiency-improving effect of various institution HITs (e.g., electronicclinic pathways and telemedicine), the impacts of consumer HITs such as onlinehealthcare communities have been generally overlooked. Utilizing two unique datasetsfrom both an online healthcare community and a general hospital, we study the impactof online healthcare community on offline inpatient care efficiency. Through rigorousanalysis, we find that communications between physicians and patients on …

Workshop On Emerging Technology And Data Analytics For Behavioral Health, David Kotz, Sarah E. Lord, A. James O'Malley, Luke Stark, Lisa Marsch

Dartmouth Scholarship

Wearable and portable digital devices can support self-monitoring for patients with chronic medical conditions, individuals seeking to reduce stress, and people seeking to modify health-related behaviors such as substance use or overeating. The resulting data may be used directly by a consumer, or shared with a clinician for treatment, a caregiver for assistance, or a health coach for support. The data can also be used by researchers to develop and evaluate just-in-time interventions that leverage mobile technology to help individuals manage their symptoms and behavior in real time and as needed. Such wearable systems have huge potential for promoting delivery …

Privacy And Security In Mobile Health – A Research Agenda, David Kotz, Carl A. Gunter, Santosh Kumar, Jonathan P. Weiner

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mobile health technology has great potential to increase healthcare quality, expand access to services, reduce costs, and improve personal wellness and public health. However, mHealth also raises significant privacy and security challenges.

Improving Patient Flow With Data-Driven Patient Prioritization Method In The Emergency Department, Kar Way Tan, Sean Shao Wei Lam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We aim to improve the length-of-stay (LOS) of patients in the Emergency Department (ED) ambulatory care area. We propose the use of real-time computerized physician order entry data and ED patient flow management system to estimate the consultation time of patients re-entering the queue to consult a doctor again after receiving treatment or results of tests. The estimation allows decision-makers to apply dynamic prioritization strategies that help the ED to identify patients who can complete their ED treatment process quickly, freeing up resources in the ED and lowering overall LOS.

The Plight Of The Lucluc: Examining The Deadly Mystery Of Nodding Syndrome, Ethan K. Mcgann

Senior Honors Theses

Nodding syndrome (NS) is an emerging epidemic neurological disease that is shrouded in mystery. It is currently only found in the post-conflict regions of South Sudan, northern Uganda, and Tanzania. NS occurs in children from the ages of five to fifteen and is characterized by a loss of motor control in the neck muscles. Seizure episodes can range in intensity from atonic to tonic-clonic, and the onset of the first episode generally marks the beginning of a decline in the child’s physical and mental health. NS is a progressive disease that generally results in physical wasting, stunted growth, behavioral difficulties, …

Bridging The Vocabulary Gap Between Health Seekers And Healthcare Knowledge, Liqiang Nie, Yiliang Zhao, Akbari Mohammad, Jialie Shen, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The vocabulary gap between health seekers and providers has hindered the cross-system operability and the interuser reusability. To bridge this gap, this paper presents a novel scheme to code the medical records by jointly utilizing local mining and global learning approaches, which are tightly linked and mutually reinforced. Local mining attempts to code the individual medical record by independently extracting the medical concepts from the medical record itself and then mapping them to authenticated terminologies. A corpus-aware terminology vocabulary is naturally constructed as a byproduct, which is used as the terminology space for global learning. Local mining approach, however, may …

The Potentials And Challenges Of Big Data In Public Health, Rena N. Vithiatharan

Australian eHealth Informatics and Security Conference

The potential to use big data sources for public health increases with the broadening availability of data and improved methods of analysis. Whilst there are some well-known examples of the opportunistic use of big data, such as GoogleFlu, public health has not yet realised the full potential of such data sources. A literature review was undertaken to identify the potential of such data collections to impact public health, and to identify what challenges are currently limiting this potential. The potential include improved real-time analysis, research and development and genome studies. However, challenges listed are poor universal standardisation and classification, privacy …

Byod In Ehealth: Herding Cats And Stable Doors, Or A Catastrophe Waiting To Happen?, Krishnun Sansurooh, Patricia A H Williams

Australian eHealth Informatics and Security Conference

The use of personal devices in the work environment has crossed the boundaries of work and socially related tasks. With cyber criminals seriously targeting healthcare for medical identity theft, the lack of control of new technologies within healthcare networks becomes an increasing vulnerability. The prolific adoption of personal mobile devices in the healthcare environment requires a proactive approach to the management of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). This paper analysed the current state of the problem and the challenges that this creates in an environment that has stringent privacy and security requirements. The discourse demonstrates that the issue is not …

Big Data In Healthcare: What Is It Used For?, Rebecca Hermon, Patricia A H Williams

Australian eHealth Informatics and Security Conference

Big data analytics is a growth area with the potential to provide useful insight in healthcare. Whilst many dimensions of big data still present issues in its use and adoption, such as managing the volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value, the accuracy, integrity, and semantic interpretation are of greater concern in clinical application. However, such challenges have not deterred the use and exploration of big data as an evidence source in healthcare. This drives the need to investigate healthcare information to control and reduce the burgeoning cost of healthcare, as well as to seek evidence to improve patient outcomes. Whilst …

Privacy In Mobile Technology For Personal Healthcare, Sasikanth Avancha, Amit Baxi, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Information technology can improve the quality, efficiency, and cost of healthcare. In this survey, we examine the privacy requirements of \emphmobile\/ computing technologies that have the potential to transform healthcare. Such \emphmHealth\/ technology enables physicians to remotely monitor patients' health, and enables individuals to manage their own health more easily. Despite these advantages, privacy is essential for any personal monitoring technology. Through an extensive survey of the literature, we develop a conceptual privacy framework for mHealth, itemize the privacy properties needed in mHealth systems, and discuss the technologies that could support privacy-sensitive mHealth systems. We end with a list of …

Adapt-Lite: Privacy-Aware, Secure, And Efficient Mhealth Sensing, Shrirang Mare, Jacob Sorber, Minho Shin, Cory Cornelius, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

As healthcare in many countries faces an aging population and rising costs, mobile sensing technologies promise a new opportunity. Using mobile health (mHealth) sensing, which uses medical sensors to collect data about the patients, and mobile phones to act as a gateway between sensors and electronic health record systems, caregivers can continuously monitor the patients and deliver better care. Although some work on mHealth sensing has addressed security, achieving strong security and privacy for low-power sensors remains a challenge. \par We make three contributions. First, we propose Adapt-lite, a set of two techniques that can be applied to existing wireless …

Recognizing Whether Sensors Are On The Same Body, Cory Cornelius, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

As personal health sensors become ubiquitous, we also expect them to become interoperable. That is, instead of closed, end-to-end personal health sensing systems, we envision standardized sensors wirelessly communicating their data to a device many people already carry today, the cellphone. In an open personal health sensing system, users will be able to seamlessly pair off-the-shelf sensors with their cellphone and expect the system to ıt just work. However, this ubiquity of sensors creates the potential for users to accidentally wear sensors that are not necessarily paired with their own cellphone. A husband, for example, might mistakenly wear a heart-rate …

Leveraging Complex Event Processing For Smart Hospitals Using Rfid, Wen Yao, Chao-Hsien Chu, Zang Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

RFID technology has been examined in healthcare to support a variety of applications such as patient identification and monitoring, asset tracking, and patient–drug compliance. However, managing the large volume of RFID data and understanding them in the medical context present new challenges. One effective solution for dealing with these challenges is complex event processing (CEP), which can extract meaningful events for context-aware applications. In this paper, we propose a CEP framework to model surgical events and critical situations in an RFID-enabled hospital. We have implemented a prototype system with the proposed approach for surgical management and conducted performance evaluations to …

A Threat Taxonomy For Mhealth Privacy, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Networked mobile devices have great potential to enable individuals (and their physicians) to better monitor their health and to manage medical conditions. In this paper, we examine the privacy-related threats to these so-called \emphmHealth\/ technologies. We develop a taxonomy of the privacy-related threats, and discuss some of the technologies that could support privacy-sensitive mHealth systems. We conclude with a brief summary of research challenges.