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- Phase-contrast microscopy (4)
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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Evaluating The Health Impacts Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake At The Individual Level And Food Pantry Level Among Food Pantry Users, Jiacheng Chen
Evaluating The Health Impacts Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake At The Individual Level And Food Pantry Level Among Food Pantry Users, Jiacheng Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background: Chronic diseases impose heavy burdens on individuals and the healthcare system in the US. Many factors were found to be associated with chronic diseases, including demographics, family history, social environmental factors, and individual behavioral factors such as diet and physical activity. Among those factors, fruit and vegetable intake can have substantial health impacts via a variety of causal pathways. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is generally lower among individuals living in households experiencing food insecurity and rely on food assistance programs. Decreased F&V intake among food pantry users may negatively impact health. However, conducting quantitative analysis on this population …
Metabolic Alterations And Cardiovascular Risk After Hepatitis C Cure In Subjects With Or At Risk For Hiv, Christophe Maxime Fokoua Dongmo
Metabolic Alterations And Cardiovascular Risk After Hepatitis C Cure In Subjects With Or At Risk For Hiv, Christophe Maxime Fokoua Dongmo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection engenders substantial metabolic changes. These changes are altered when the virus is cleared after successful treatment. We measured these metabolic alterations that occur after HCV cure; further, we assessed whether these alterations differed in subgroups defined by patients’ characteristics.
Space Weather And Criminal Violence : A Longitudinal Analysis Of Major Us Urban Areas, Richard Mcmillan
Space Weather And Criminal Violence : A Longitudinal Analysis Of Major Us Urban Areas, Richard Mcmillan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The study of criminology began with the investigation of the physical features of humans committing crimes such as homicide. The study of space weather includes the investigation of the physiological manifestations of various forms of space weather on terrestrial-bound humans. These two fields of inquiry are joined in this investigation of the association of space weather with the incidence of criminal violence in the United States. This study of the possibility that a physical force emanating from the Sun or from outer space can affect human behavior in the form of criminal violence is part of a long search for …
System Measurements For X-Ray Phase And Diffraction Imaging, Erik Wolfgang Tripi
System Measurements For X-Ray Phase And Diffraction Imaging, Erik Wolfgang Tripi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In medical imaging, X rays are used to look inside the body to find fractures in bones, abnormal masses, cavities in teeth, and so on. What makes X rays so good at looking at these types of structures is the X ray’s penetration power. When imaging soft tissue to search for tumors, X-ray images tend to have difficulty performing well. The reason for this is that the background structures, such as fat or fibro glandular tissue have similar absorption coefficients as the tumor. Mammography tends to have a high false positive rate and can miss tumors entirely as well. There …
Examining The Benefits Of A Sustained Balance And Fall Prevention Programming For Independent Older Adults Living In A Community Setting, Noah Davis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Falls have been an identified public health and social problem since the 1980’s and now recognized as a global health problem in many of the developed nations. The National Council on Aging and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acknowledge many evidence-based fall prevention programs. However, there are identified concerns to the programs; for example, a lack of sustained programming for older adults in the community setting. The literature review on fall prevention interventions identifies that few programs are sustained after two years, primarily due to a lack of funding and a lack of interest by older adults. However, …
Legacy And Emerging Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Analysis, Environmental Distribution, And Bioconcentration, Richard Anthony Brase
Legacy And Emerging Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances : Analysis, Environmental Distribution, And Bioconcentration, Richard Anthony Brase
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a broad class of anthropogenic chemicals that have been used in numerous industrial and consumer-product applications since the late 1940s. The environmental persistence of these compounds in combination with their widespread commercial use have led PFAS to be recognized as contaminants of concern on the global scale. Despite regulatory efforts calling for the decreased use of certain perfluorocarboxylic and -sulfonic acids referred to as “legacy” PFAS, these compounds continue to be detected in both environmental and biological matrices. Moreover, manufacturers have begun to replace the legacy PFAS with emerging alternatives for which the regulations …
Therapy And Medical Imaging Applications Of Focusing Polycapillary X-Ray Optics, Weiyuan Sun
Therapy And Medical Imaging Applications Of Focusing Polycapillary X-Ray Optics, Weiyuan Sun
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Focusing polycapillary optics yield high gains in intensity and increased spatial resolution for a variety of clinical, lab-based, synchrotron, or in situ analysis applications. In this dissertation we investigate the extension of two applications of focusing polycapillary optics. The first is the application of polycapillary optics in radiation therapy. This discussion includes measurements and calculation of dose for focused beam orthovoltage therapy. A system has been designed to investigate whether the polycapillary optics can produce an X-ray beam which can give more accurate dose painting due to the higher dose concentration at the focal spot. X-ray exposures were measured with …
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Cocaine Detection, Kiersten Jo Mead
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy For Cocaine Detection, Kiersten Jo Mead
Chemistry
The detection of drugs of abuse using Raman spectroscopy is of particular interest to forensic researchers at the moment. Raman spectroscopy is highly specific, fast, non-destructive, and can be adapted for in-situ measurements, making it the ideal forensic technique. Researchers working under the guidance of Doctor Igor Lednev have been able to use UV resonance Raman spectroscopy to detect cocaine in oral fluid without the need for sample pretreatment. They were however unable to detect the cocaine at forensically relevant levels. To overcome this limitation, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used in this proof of concept study for the detection …
A Comparative Spatial And Climate Analysis Of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis And Human Babesiosis In New York State (2013-2018), Collin J. O'Connor
A Comparative Spatial And Climate Analysis Of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis And Human Babesiosis In New York State (2013-2018), Collin J. O'Connor
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and human babesiosis are tick-borne diseases spread by Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged or deer tick) and are the result of infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti, respectively. In New York State (NYS), incidence rates of these diseases increased concordantly until around 2013, when rates of HGA began to increase more rapidly than human babesiosis, and the spatial extent of the diseases diverged. Surveillance data of tick-borne pathogens (2007 to 2018) and reported human cases of HGA (n=4,297) and human babesiosis (n=2,986) (2013 to 2018) from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) showed a …
The Effect Of Maternal Dietary Habits During Pregnancy On Neonate Leptin Methylation Patterns And Gestational Age, Sean Fitzpatrick
The Effect Of Maternal Dietary Habits During Pregnancy On Neonate Leptin Methylation Patterns And Gestational Age, Sean Fitzpatrick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The health of a newborn baby is inextricably linked to the health status of its mother and in turn the mother’s diet during pregnancy. Leptin (LEP) is an adipokine hormone involved in metabolism regulation and has been linked fetal development through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Prior work suggests that gestational epigenetic alterations the LEP gene may be sensitive to adverse exposures during pregnancy, which in turn could explain variation in neonate outcomes. However, no prior work has examined this possibility explicitly. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary patterns of mothers during pregnancy and their …
Depression, Sensation-Seeking Behavior And Violence As Mediators Of The Association Between Childhood Adversity And Substance Use Disorder, Calvin Wong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Background:
Spatio-Temporal Frequency Separation With Application Of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko Filters To The Multivariate Analysis Of Melanoma Prevalence, Edward Valachovic
Spatio-Temporal Frequency Separation With Application Of Kolmogorov-Zurbenko Filters To The Multivariate Analysis Of Melanoma Prevalence, Edward Valachovic
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Time Series Analysis is the observation of variables recorded across time. Observations are visualized and analysis often performed in the native time domain. It is common for a time series to be the dependent variable of more than one factor. Several factors can have concurrent and combined effects. The time domain presents an obstacle due to constructive and destructive interference of factors at each time point. Unless effects are clearly pronounced and separable, the entanglement of factors along with the presence and intensity of random variation can obscure true relationships.
Association Between Hiv And Violence Among Female Commercial Sex Workers In Ukraine : Analysis Of Bio-Behavioral Surveillance Conducted In 2015-2016, Ganna Momotyuk
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A cross-sectional analysis investigated the association between HIV and violence in female commercial sex workers (FCSW) in Ukraine between 10/2015 and 01/2016. Methods: 3,885 FCSW from a total of 4,300 were questioned about behavioral and social demographics and tested for HIV in mobile testing van. Results: of the 3,885 respondents, 5.89% were HIV positive, and 47.00% had experienced violence. We tested for and found that drug use was an effect modifier for the association between HIV and violence. Analyses were stratified by injecting drug use and no injecting drug use. High risk for HIV was found in the non-IDU stratum …
Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Racial Disparities In Stage At Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer In New York State, Christophe Maxime Fokoua Dongmo
Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Racial Disparities In Stage At Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer In New York State, Christophe Maxime Fokoua Dongmo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Discovering Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeted To Ligand-Stimulated Rage-Diaph1 Signaling Transduction, Jinhong Pan
Discovering Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeted To Ligand-Stimulated Rage-Diaph1 Signaling Transduction, Jinhong Pan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules, which plays an important role in immune responses. Full-length RAGE includes three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. It is a pattern recognition receptor that can bind diverse ligands. NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallization studies of the extracellular domains of RAGE indicate that RAGE ligands bind by distinct charge- and hydrophobicity-dependent mechanisms. It is found that calgranulin binding to the C1C2 domain or AGEs binding to the V domain activates extracellular signaling, which triggers interactions of …
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is a major issue in Saudi Arabia. Though the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and North America, this research is yet to be done in developing countries of Africa, some parts of Asia and the Middle East including Saudi Arabia. This is the first comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 air pollution in Saudi Arabia describing the major emission sources as well as assessing the association of daily exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with cardiopulmonary morbidity.
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This investigation focused on a unique collection of archived human bones obtained post-mortem from 7 patients, who had received long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for up to 21 years. Parenterals are administered intravenously as a nutritional supplement, and may be contaminated with metals, which are completely absorbed into the blood compartment. Some metal contaminants may be deposited in the body’s reservoir for inorganic elements – bone.
Phase Imaging Using Focusing Polycapillary Optics, Sajid Bashir
Phase Imaging Using Focusing Polycapillary Optics, Sajid Bashir
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The interaction of X rays in diagnostic energy range with soft tissues can be described by Compton scattering and by the complex refractive index, which together characterize the attenuation properties of the tissue and the phase imparted to X rays passing through it. Many soft tissues exhibit extremely similar attenuation, so that their discrimination using conventional radiography, which generates contrast in an image through differential attenuation, is challenging. However, these tissues will impart phase differences significantly greater than attenuation differences to the X rays passing through them, so that phase-contrast imaging techniques can enable their discrimination.
Grid-Based Fourier Transform Phase Contrast Imaging, Sajjad Tahir
Grid-Based Fourier Transform Phase Contrast Imaging, Sajjad Tahir
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Low contrast in x-ray attenuation imaging between different materials of low electron density is a limitation of traditional x-ray radiography. Phase contrast imaging offers the potential to improve the contrast between such materials, but due to the requirements on the spatial coherence of the x-ray beam, practical implementation of such systems with tabletop (i.e. non-synchrotron) sources has been limited. One recently developed phase imaging technique employs multiple fine-pitched gratings. However, the strict manufacturing tolerances and precise alignment requirements have limited the widespread adoption of grating-based techniques. In this work, we have investigated a technique recently demonstrated by Bennett et al.1 …
Potential For High Resolution Microscintigraphy Using Polycapillary Optics, Patrick Richard Conlon
Potential For High Resolution Microscintigraphy Using Polycapillary Optics, Patrick Richard Conlon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Scintigraphy, also known as nuclear imaging, is the process of imaging an object that has been labeled with a radioactive material. A novel technique employing polycapillary optics for very high - resolution scintigraphy is presented. The small channel size and angular selectivity of polycapillary optics allow them to act as multiple-hole collimators and be used with high - resolution detectors. The ability of the optics to work with high resolution detectors allow the system to discriminate against scatter, thus negating the need for energy sensitive detectors, which are known to have poor resolution. Therefore the use of polycapillary optics presents …
Augmenting Program Data With Secondary Data Sources To Improve The Quality Of Existing Statistics : Four Examples From The New York State Department Of Health Hospital-Acquired Infection Reporting Program, Valerie Benson Haley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The objective of this dissertation is to illustrate the novel application of methods that can be used to improve the accuracy of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates. Public reporting of HAI rates is relatively new. New York was one of the first states to mandate reporting in acute care hospitals (2007), followed by national pay-for-reporting in 2011, and national value-based purchasing in 2013. Given the financial ramifications of public reporting, it is critical that the data are validated and adjusted for differences in underlying risk among patient populations so that hospital performance can be fairly compared. However, limited information on the …
Assessment Of Human Exposure To Perchlorate And Perfluoroalkyl Substances In The United States : Biomonitoring And Environmental Monitoring Approaches, Qian Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Perchlorate is an oxidant in solid fuels and explosives and is produced in large quantities worldwide. Perchlorate is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is present in water, food, indoor environment and humans. Human exposure to perchlorate is a concern due to its ability to disrupt the thyroid gland functions.
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
The Association Of Summer Temperatures With Hospital Admissions For Renal Diseases In New York State : A Case-Crossover Study, Barbara A. Fletcher
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study assessed the association between high temperatures and increased odds of hospitalization for renal diseases which, to date, has been examined in only a small number of studies. A case-crossover design was used to study 147,885 hospital admissions with renal diagnoses during July and August, 1991-2004 in New York State. Regional temperature, humidity and barometric pressure data from automated monitors were used as exposure indicators. Using time-stratified referent selection and conditional logistic regression analysis, an overall 9% increase in odds of hospitalization for acute renal failure per 5°F (2.78°C) was found for mean temperature at a one day lag …
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Ecological Literacy, Nutrition Knowledge, And Dietary Practices Among Students At University At Albany, Elaine Hills
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
University students (N=1,924) at a large public university were surveyed to measure their nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and ecological literacy. A quantitative measure of ecological literacy was developed for this purpose, reflecting familiarity with nature, awareness of one's personal impact on local and global ecologies, and personal lifestyle choices that demonstrate civic responsibility for the natural environment. The association between nutrition knowledge and dietary practices was compared to the association between ecological literacy and dietary practices. The results showed that: (1) many students were not familiar with public health eating recommendations and did not eat recommended amounts of foods, particularly …
Association Between Chemical Constituents Of Particulate Matter And Cardiovascular And Respiratory Morbidities In Nys, Rena Jones
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Improved understanding of health risks from short- and long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents may explain seasonal and geographic heterogeneity in PM2.5-health associations and inform control efforts targeting PM sources. Few studies have examined PM species health effects; most have been limited by their exposure assessments and modeling approaches. The goals of this project were to improve the PM exposure assessment and explore relationships between PM2.5 species and health in acute and chronic contexts.
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Short-Term Associations Between Pm2.5, Black Carbon, Delta-C, And Cardiovascular Diseases In A Large Developing Megacity, Daniel Malashock
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Introduction: Association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated by many epidemiological studies in developed countries, however few studies have been performed in developing countries of Asia.
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Trace Element Analysis Of Environmental And Clinical Materials Using Novel Instrumentation Based On X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry : New Capabilities For Public Health Laboratories, Kathryn G. Mcintosh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry is a well-established analytical technique for determining the elemental content of many different materials. XRF has long been used for public health applications, particularly for identifying lead-based paint hazards. The primary advantage of XRF over other atomic spectrometric techniques is that it is nondestructive. In addition, little sample preparation is required, so results are obtained rapidly and at low cost. The principal aim of this study was to characterize the utility and reliability of current XRF instrumentation for use in the environmental health sciences. Interest in the use of XRF for detecting lead in children's toys …
Application Of X-Ray Diffraction To Material Analysis And Medical Imaging, Wei Zhou
Application Of X-Ray Diffraction To Material Analysis And Medical Imaging, Wei Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Powder diffraction is commonly used to determine the structures of both inorganic and organic materials. The angle and intensity of the diffraction (also called coherent scatter) peak depends on the nanostructure of the material. When no x-ray optic is used, the peak width broadens, and hence the resolution worsens, as the sample area is increased. However, a small sample area gives low diffracted signal intensity, particularly for thin films and for organic materials, which have low diffraction cross sections. X-ray optics can be used in x-ray powder diffraction to increase the diffraction intensity, thus decreasing exposure times. For a small …
Biomonitoring For Exposure To Trace Elements In Utero : Analysis Of The Human Placenta, Pamela Catherine Kruger
Biomonitoring For Exposure To Trace Elements In Utero : Analysis Of The Human Placenta, Pamela Catherine Kruger
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The placenta forms in eutherian mammals, and is responsible for the nutrition of the developing fetus. However, maternal exposure to environmental pollutants both before and during pregnancy may result in the passage of toxins through the placental barrier and into fetal tissues. The placenta is the only organ derived from both maternal and fetal tissues, and establishes a link between the fetus and the environmental exposures of the mother. The analysis of placentae for the presence of environmental pollutants offers the possibility of exposure measurements in both the mother and the developing fetus. Specifically, trace element determination in human placentae …