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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Size And Concentration Analysis Of Gold Nanoparticles With Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Sanim Rahman
Size And Concentration Analysis Of Gold Nanoparticles With Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Sanim Rahman
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
Spherical gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are synthesized by Turkevich Method and PEL 35 UV-VIS spectrophotometer recorded the wavelength and absorption of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak. The diameter and concentration of solute GNPs are calculated. The concentration of GNPs is done with Beer’s law. The average diameter of GNPs is done via the ratio of SPR peak to the absorbance at 450 nm. The diameters are compared to SEM scan of synthesized GNPs and Sigma-Aldrich values.
Electrical Efficiency Of A Solar Cell, Johnnie Cairns
Electrical Efficiency Of A Solar Cell, Johnnie Cairns
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
Our goal was to determine the electrical efficiency of a solar cell, specifically a CuInGaSe2 solar cell. Solar cells work by converting energy from the sun in the form of photons to electrical energy in the form of electrons. However, the solar energy converted into electrical energy is limited by a property of solar cells called the quantum efficiency. The quantum efficiency of a solar cell is the fraction of photons hitting the cell that are converted into electrons; quantum efficiency varies as a function of wavelength. Another key component which also varies as a function of wavelength is spectral …
Maximum Efficiency Of A Wind Turbine, Marisa Blackwood
Maximum Efficiency Of A Wind Turbine, Marisa Blackwood
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
The concept of a wind turbine is not new technology, however, in a day and age where renewable energy is popular, the interest in wind turbines has increased dramatically. This project investigates multiple aspects of a wind turbine and will derive the maximum power efficiency of an ideal wind turbine, first introduced by Albert Betz in 1919. This project will also calculate the size of a wind turbine at maximum efficiency given certain parameters and determine the optimum outlet velocity as a function of wind speed to maximize the mechanical energy produced. These equations will be derived by using concepts …
Hydrolysis Of Acetic Anhydride In A Cstr, Veronica N. Coraci
Hydrolysis Of Acetic Anhydride In A Cstr, Veronica N. Coraci
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
To find the optimal reactor volume and temperature for the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride at the lowest possible cost with a 90% conversion of acetic anhydride, a formula for the total cost of the reaction was created. Then, the first derivative was taken to find a value for the temperature. This value was then inputted into the second derivative of the equation to find the sign of the value which would indicate whether that point was a minima or maxima value. The minima value would then be the lowest total cost for the optimum reaction to take place.
Analysis Of Adiabatic Batch Reactor, Erald Gjonaj
Analysis Of Adiabatic Batch Reactor, Erald Gjonaj
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
A mixture of acetic anhydride is reacted with excess water in an adiabatic batch reactor to form an exothermic reaction. The concentration of acetic anhydride and the temperature inside the adiabatic batch reactor are calculated with an initial temperature of 20°C, an initial temperature of 30°C, and with a cooling jacket maintaining the temperature at a constant of 20°C. The graphs of the three different scenarios show that the highest temperatures will cause the reaction to occur faster.
Optimization Of An Agitated Extractor, Evan Zapf
Optimization Of An Agitated Extractor, Evan Zapf
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
In this scenario, we use calculus to determine the optimal operating specifications of a chemical extraction process. The results are achieved by first developing an expression that yields the total annual cost of the process. Factoring in electricity, vessel, agitator, and solvent costs, an annual cost expression was fabricated. AGIEX company manufactures a certain amount of a product, A, which has an impurity that it wishes be reduced. By engineering an optimally sized vessel to perform the extraction of impurity, the company will save costs by ensuring no inefficient spending on power or excess solvent occurs. A specific amount of …
Spintronic Circuits: The Building Blocks Of Spin-Based Computation, Roshan Warman
Spintronic Circuits: The Building Blocks Of Spin-Based Computation, Roshan Warman
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
In the most general situation, binary computation is implemented by means of microscopic logical gates known as transistors. According to Moore’s Law, the size of transistors will half every two years, and as these transistors reach their fundamental size limit, the quantum effects of the electrons passing through the transistors will be observed. Due to the inherent randomness of these quantum fluctuations, the basic binary logic will become uncontrollable. This project describes the basic principle governing quantum spin-based computing devices, which may provide an alternative to the conventional solid-state computing devices and circumvent the technological limitations of the current implementation …
Temperature Of The Central Processing Unit, Ivan Lavrov
Temperature Of The Central Processing Unit, Ivan Lavrov
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
Heat is inevitably generated in the semiconductors during operation. Cooling in a computer, and in its main part – the Central Processing Unit (CPU), is crucial, allowing the proper functioning without overheating, malfunctioning, and damage. In order to estimate the temperature as a function of time, it is important to solve the differential equations describing the heat flow and to understand how it depends on the physical properties of the system. This project aims to answer these questions by considering a simplified model of the CPU + heat sink. A similarity with the electrical circuit and certain methods from electrical …
Optimum Gear Ratios For An Electric Vehicle, Scott Parkinson
Optimum Gear Ratios For An Electric Vehicle, Scott Parkinson
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two
The goal of this project is to determine the optimal gear ratios for a vehicle containing a four-speed transmission. This vehicle is required to reach a speed of 30 m/s in the minimum time possible. Equations for the velocity at each shift point were found. An equation for the total time that the vehicle took to reach 30 m/s was then derived and equations for the times spent in each gear were found through integration of the provided formula for acceleration. The optimal gear ratios were then found by taking the partial derivatives of the total time equation with respect …