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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Synthesizing, Purifying, And Characterizing Molten Chloride Salts, Phillip W. Halstenberg
Synthesizing, Purifying, And Characterizing Molten Chloride Salts, Phillip W. Halstenberg
Doctoral Dissertations
Molten chloride salts have vast potential as heat transfer fluids with both nuclear and concentrated solar power applications. For application in energy systems, the characteristics that govern these systems must be well understood. This work focuses on inorganic molten chloride salts with a special emphasis on the experimental aspect of chemical research. Chapter 2 covers the synthetic approaches for the formation of molten chloride mixtures. Many salts can be purchased from industrial suppliers, but most must be purified therefore, Chapter 3 evaluates various methodology developed for removal of impurities in salt mixtures. Once the salt of proper content and purity …
Exploring The Role Of Ring Annulation In Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons For Organic Electronic Applications, Tanner Smith
Exploring The Role Of Ring Annulation In Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons For Organic Electronic Applications, Tanner Smith
Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry
Organic materials offer promising potential for the next generation of electronic devices, as their tunability, processability, and low-temperature manufacturing make them a cheap and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based electronics. The ability to systematically alter the electronic properties of organic materials is vital for their incorporation into device applications. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of significant interest for organic electronic applications, as relevant properties are highly dependent on their size, structure, and functionalities, and thus can be tuned to fit a wide variety of applications. Due to the enormous number of structural isomers available in larger PAHs, the development of …
Facile Synthesis Of Metal Oxides, Sulphides, And Phosphides For Enhanced Energy Applications, Alfred Nkhama
Facile Synthesis Of Metal Oxides, Sulphides, And Phosphides For Enhanced Energy Applications, Alfred Nkhama
Electronic Theses & Dissertations
An access to reliable, sustainable, eco-friendly and cost-effective energy supply is being challenged by the global increase in population and the rapid technological advancement. Sophisticated systems, machinery and various devices being innovated, require the steady energy supply for their operations and applicability. To have reliable energy, numerous researches are being conducted through various approaches across the world. In this research work, the facile approach in investigating and tuning the materials properties was employed to improve energy properties of metal oxides. Nanostructured NiFe-oxide and CoFe-oxide were synthesized using a facile coprecipitation method. It was revealed that; nanostructured materials have favorable structures …
Fabrication Of Metal-Silicon Nanostructures By Reactive Laser Ablation In Liquid, Eric J. Broadhead
Fabrication Of Metal-Silicon Nanostructures By Reactive Laser Ablation In Liquid, Eric J. Broadhead
Theses and Dissertations
Metal-silicon nanostructures are a growing area of research due to their applications in multiple fields such as biosensing and catalysis. In addition, silicon can provide strong support effects to metal nanoparticles while being more cost effective than traditionally used supports, like titania. Traditional wet-chemical methods are capable of synthesizing metal-silicon nanostructures with a variety of composition and nanoparticle shapes, but they often require high temperatures, toxic solvents, strong reducing agents, or need capping agents added to stabilize the nanoparticles. Laser processing is an emerging technique capable of synthesizing metal-silicon composite surfaces that offers a faster, simpler, and greener synthesis route …
Synthesis, Crystal Engineering, And Material Properties Of Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors, Emma Holland
Synthesis, Crystal Engineering, And Material Properties Of Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors, Emma Holland
Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry
Small-molecule organic materials are of increasing interest for electronic and photonic devices due to their solution processability and tunability, allowing devices to be fabricated at low temperature on flexible substrates and offering utility in specialized applications. This tunability is the result of functionalization through careful synthetic strategy to influence both material properties and solid-state arrangement, both crucial variables in device applications. Functionalization of a core molecule with various substituents allows the fine-tuning of optical and electronic properties, and functionalization with solubilizing groups allows some degree of control over the solid- state order, or crystal packing. These combinations of core chromophores …
Mild Synthesis Of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Monoanhydrides With Potential Applications In Organic Optoelectronics, Xizhe Zhao
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives are considered good n-type semi-conductors. In past decades, there has been extensive study on their synthesis and electronic properties. Because of the high electron affinity, the ability to form π-π stacks, they have been widely utilized in organic photovoltaic solar cells, field-effect transistors and light-emitting diodes. Many of those applications prefer unsymmetrically substituted perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives. Perylene monoanhydrides are the most versatile intermediates for the preparation of unsymmetrically substituted perylene tetracarboxylic derivatives. In this thesis, I focused on introducing new synthesis methods for perylene monoanhydrides with labile functional group and their potential applications in organic optoelectronics.
In …
From Flasks To Applications: Design And Optimization Of Giant Quantum Dots Using Traditional And Automated Synthetic Methods, Christina J. Hanson
From Flasks To Applications: Design And Optimization Of Giant Quantum Dots Using Traditional And Automated Synthetic Methods, Christina J. Hanson
Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs
Semiconducting nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), that emit light with near-unity quantum yield and are extremely photostable are attractive options as down-conversion and direct electricity-to-light materials for a variety of applications including solid-state lighting, display technologies, bio-imaging and optical tracking. Standard QDs with a core/thin shell structure display fluorescence intermittency (blinking) and photobleaching when exposed to prolonged room temperature excitation for single dot measurements, as well as significant reabsorption and energy transfer when densely packed into polymers or at high solution concentrations.
We have developed thick shell “giant” QDs (gQDs), ultra-stable photon sources both at the ensemble and …
Systematic Size Control In The Synthesis Of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles, Grant C. Bleier
Systematic Size Control In The Synthesis Of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles, Grant C. Bleier
Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs
A novel synthetic method for the production of highly magnetic, low size-dispersity nanoparticles through reversible magnetic agglomeration is introduced and studied in detail. Initially, a weakly coordinating surfactant (3-octadecyl-2,4-pentanedione) is employed to produce a wide range of nanoparticle sizes ranging from 8 to 20 nm in diameter. The kinetics faced in these reactions by cheap and widely available iron complex precursors can be avoided in this method with the introduction of thermodynamic control, which occurs in the form of a magnetic precipitation event that essentially halts nanoparticle growth. Utilizing this synthetic method, the length of the alkyl chain on the …
The Effect Of Oxidation, Thionation, And Dimerization On The Self-Assembly And Photophysical Properties Of Novel Discotic Materials, Katie M. Psutka
The Effect Of Oxidation, Thionation, And Dimerization On The Self-Assembly And Photophysical Properties Of Novel Discotic Materials, Katie M. Psutka
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
This thesis aims to increase understanding of the relationship between molecular structure and liquid crystalline temperature range by exploring the effects of oxidation, thionation, and dimerization on the self-assembly and properties of novel discotic materials. First, two alkoxy-substituted dibenzanthracenequinones were prepared by oxidation of the corresponding dibenzanthracenes. The quinone induced a liquid crystalline phase in the hexaalkoxy dibenzanthracene derivative, but not in the tetralkoxy derivative. However, both of the resulting materials were un-reactive to any further synthetic modifications that could be used to improve their properties. In comparison, two heteroaromatic dithienoanthracenedicarboximides were successfully prepared, although the addition of the thiophene …
Silver Nanoparticles As A Potential Solar Absorber, Benjamin Hardy
Silver Nanoparticles As A Potential Solar Absorber, Benjamin Hardy
Honors Projects
This work reports the development of Silver nanoparticles implanted into a polymer as a solar absorber. The plasmonic nature of silver nanoparticle allows for adjustments to be made in its UV-VIS-NIR absorbance spectrum. A combination of different sized/shaped particles could result in ideal absorption of the majority of the solar spectrum. Allotting this with the stability of a polymer leads to potential solids or solutions that could work as a solar absorber. Tests were also performed to determine whether or not UV-C irradiation during synthesis effects the characteristics of silver nanoparticles, in particular the absorbance. Successful synthesis of silver nanoparticle …
Controlled Synthesis And Utilization Of Metal And Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles, Cameron Cowgur Crane
Controlled Synthesis And Utilization Of Metal And Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles, Cameron Cowgur Crane
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation reports the development of synthetic methods concerning rationally-designed, hybrid, and multifunctional nanomaterials. These methods are based on a wet chemical, solution phase approach that utilizes the knowledge of synthetic organic and inorganic chemistry to generate building blocks in solution for the growth of nanocrystals and hybrid nanostructures. This work builds on the prior knowledge of shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals and expands into the challenging realm of the more reactive first row transition metals. Specifically, a microemulsion sol-gel method was developed to synthesize Au-SiO2 dimers as precursors for the synthesis of segmented heterostructures of noble metals that …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Metallic Nanoparticles For Catalytic Applications, Sarah Smith
Synthesis And Characterization Of Metallic Nanoparticles For Catalytic Applications, Sarah Smith
Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, research has focused on reducing the cost of catalysts in a variety of ways including using less expensive materials, improving the synthetic method, and increasing the catalytic activity, recovery, and recyclability. Typically with nanoparticles, the size, shape, composition, and surface coating have an effect on catalytic activity.1-2 In this work, we focused on reducing the cost of precious metal based catalysts by altering the synthetic methods.
One way to lower the cost of synthesizing precious metal nanoparticles is by debasing the precious metal with a second cheaper more abundant metal. CuPd nanoparticles were synthesized in oleylamine …
Developing Synthetic Methods To Prepare Discrete Metal-Organic Nanotubes, Derek L. Mull
Developing Synthetic Methods To Prepare Discrete Metal-Organic Nanotubes, Derek L. Mull
Masters Theses
Metal-organic nanotubes (MONTs) are an emerging class of discrete materials that are the 1D variant of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MONTs have potential to become an alternative 1D material to carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanotubes, and boron nitride nanotubes because they possess an organic ligand that can be functionalized and tuned for specific applications. Despite this potential, only a handful of structures have been reported and only two examples of discrete MONTs exist in the literature. It is thus imperative to develop general methods to prepare and characterize discrete MONTs to bring them to the forefront of the scientific literature.
Efforts …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Support-Modified Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts And Mixed Oxide Catalysts For Low Temperature Co Oxidation, Andrew Justin Binder
Synthesis And Characterization Of Support-Modified Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts And Mixed Oxide Catalysts For Low Temperature Co Oxidation, Andrew Justin Binder
Doctoral Dissertations
Heterogeneous catalysts are responsible for billions of dollars of industrial output and have a profound, if often understated, effect on our everyday lives. New catalyst technologies and methods to enhance existing catalysts are essential to meeting consumer demands and overcoming environmental concerns. This dissertation focuses on the development of catalysts for low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation. CO [carbon monoxide] oxidation is often used as a probe reaction to test overall oxidation activity of a given catalyst and is an important reaction in the elimination of toxic pollutants from automotive exhaust streams. The work included here presents three new heterogeneous catalysts …
Synthesis, Surface Functionalization, And Biological Testing Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles For Development As A Cancer Therapeutic, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii
Synthesis, Surface Functionalization, And Biological Testing Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles For Development As A Cancer Therapeutic, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Iron oxide nanoparticles are highly researched for their use in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy. The inherent biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticle properties make them highly advantageous in nanomedicine. The magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles make them promising candidates for magnetic fluid hyperthermia applications. Designing an efficient iron oxide nanoparticle for hyperthermia requires synthetic, surface functionalization, stability, and biological investigations. This research focused on the following three areas: optimizing synthesis conditions for maximum radiofrequency induced magnetic hyperthermia, designing a simple and modifiable surface functionalization method for specific or broad biological stability, and in vitro and in …
Size-Dependent Interactions Of Metal Nanoparticles With Fluorophores And Semiconductors, Liyana A. Wajira Ariyadasa
Size-Dependent Interactions Of Metal Nanoparticles With Fluorophores And Semiconductors, Liyana A. Wajira Ariyadasa
Dissertations
In recent years, nanoscale metallic particles have gained considerable interest due to their potential applications in advanced technology. Despite such interest, synthetic procedures that produce gram-scale, well-defined metallic nanoparticles with controlled size and shape, especially with diameters less than 5 nm remains a challenge. Our work has focused on developing synthetic procedures that produce well-defined platinum and palladium metal nanoparticles in the 1-5 nm size range. Thioether ligands were used as stabilizers and resulted in metal nanoparticles with controlled size. The nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy …
Modified Seed Growth Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles In Benzyl Alcohol: Magnetic Nanoparticles For Radio Frequency Hyperthermia Treatment Of Cancer, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii
Modified Seed Growth Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles In Benzyl Alcohol: Magnetic Nanoparticles For Radio Frequency Hyperthermia Treatment Of Cancer, Stanley E. Gilliland Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Iron oxide nanoparticles have received sustained interest for biomedical applications as synthetic approaches are continually developed for precise control of nanoparticle properties. This thesis presents an investigation of parameters in the benzyl alcohol synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. A modified seed growth method was designed for obtaining optimal nanoparticle properties for magnetic fluid hyperthermia. With a one or two addition process, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced with crystallite sizes ranging from 5-20 nm using only benzyl alcohol and iron precursor. The effects of reaction environment, temperature, concentration, and modified seed growth parameters were investigated to obtain precise control over properties …
Latent Cysteine Residues From Polymers Prepared Via Free And Controlled Radical Polymerizations, Douglas Vincent Amato
Latent Cysteine Residues From Polymers Prepared Via Free And Controlled Radical Polymerizations, Douglas Vincent Amato
Master's Theses
One less commonly used “click” reaction is thiazolidine chemistry. Thiazolidine chemistry is a commonly used reaction used in biological systems because the reaction requires the presence of both cysteine (a common amino acid) and an aldehyde or ketone. If cysteine residues could be incorporated into a polymer then a variety of applications could be developed. Polymers containing free thiols (aka thiomers) have developed in the last decade to become great mucoadhesives. If there was a facile route to control the amount of free thiols along the polymer then more fine-tuned and potentially stronger adhesives could be made. For these reasons …
Synthesis Of Palladium-Based Electrocatalysis—From Pure Metal To Bimetallic Nanoparticles, Haijun Gao
Synthesis Of Palladium-Based Electrocatalysis—From Pure Metal To Bimetallic Nanoparticles, Haijun Gao
Masters Theses
This thesis focuses on synthesis and characterization of palladium-based nanoparticles. Background information of the research in this thesis is provided in Chapter 1. Preparation and characterization of pure palladium nanoparticles are presented in Chapter 2. A fast and convenient method to prepare ultra small Pd nanoparticles via Pluronic P123 reduction is discussed in detail. Impregnation method and poly method are also studied in this chapter. Chapter 3 reports the studies of these methods to prepare ultra small bimetallic (bimetallic means a mixture of two metals) palladium-based nanoparticles. Oleylamine-mediated method used Pd nanoparticles prepared via P123 reduction as precursor. Ultra small …
The Synthesis Of A Homologous Series Of Alkyl Lumazines And Their Application To The Dispersion Of Carbon Nanotubes, William P. Kopcha
The Synthesis Of A Homologous Series Of Alkyl Lumazines And Their Application To The Dispersion Of Carbon Nanotubes, William P. Kopcha
Master's Theses
In this thesis, the synthesis of a series of alkyl lumazine surfactants (LCn) is reported. Their application to the dispersion of both CoMoCAT and HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is examined in detail and the thermal stability and chirality selection properties of dispersions made with these surfactants were compared both between themselves and with an alkyl flavin surfactant (FC12). Lumazine alkyl chain length exhibited some control over the quality and the quantity of SWNTs dispersed. LC10 was deemed most appropriate for comparison with FC12 based on considerations of solubility and nanotube individualization. …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Deuterium Labeling Of Polyamides Studied By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Christopher Allen Lange
Synthesis, Characterization, And Deuterium Labeling Of Polyamides Studied By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Christopher Allen Lange
Dissertations
The synthesis, characterization, and deuterium labeling of polyamides have been investigated. In Chapter II, selective deuterium labeling of various polyamides was demonstrated via a facile method which does not require organic solvent or catalyst. Quantitative solution-state NMR analysis showed deuterium incorporation at the carbon alpha to the carbonyl ranged from 20-75%. Incorporation in ε-caprolactam increased with repeated treatments. Isotopic shift effects for the deuterated materials were additive for all sites within experimental error.
In Chapter III, the effect of stoichiometric imbalances on the polymerization of poly(dodecamethylene terephthalamide)was investigated. Molecular weight was varied by polymerizing the monomer salt with excess diaminododecane, …