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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Molecular Analysis Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Stock Structure, Abigail J. Lynch
A Molecular Analysis Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Stock Structure, Abigail J. Lynch
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Atlantic menhaden is an ecologically and economically important species along the U.S. east coast. As a filter-feeder and key prey fish, it provides a critical link between primary production, phytoplankton, and larger piscivorous predators, such as striped bass, bluefish, and weakfish. The species is also the target of one of the largest commercial fisheries in the country. Menhaden are assessed as a single, coastwide stock, and recent assessments indicate that it is not overfished. However, there is very limited population genetics data to support the assumption of a single stock. Additionally, the recent consolidation of the fishery and localization of …
Natural Mortality Of Blue Crab: Estimation And Influence On Population Dynamics, David A. Hewitt
Natural Mortality Of Blue Crab: Estimation And Influence On Population Dynamics, David A. Hewitt
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus supports one of the most important fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay and is the leading contributor to blue crab landings in the United States. Assessment and management of blue crab stocks has been hampered by a lack of estimates of natural mortality rates, a key parameter in assessment models. In Chapter 2, we demonstrate that the approach used for estimating natural mortality that had been used in past assessments was flawed, and provide justification for a superior alternative. In Chapter 3, we synthesize our current understanding of natural mortality rates in adult blue crab and …
Effects Of Urban Development On Breeding Bird Diversity: The Role Of Diet And Migration, Elise Anne Larsen
Effects Of Urban Development On Breeding Bird Diversity: The Role Of Diet And Migration, Elise Anne Larsen
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Age, Growth, And Demography Of The Sandbar Shark, Carcharhinus Plumbeus, Over Temporal And Spatial Scales, Jason G. Romine
Age, Growth, And Demography Of The Sandbar Shark, Carcharhinus Plumbeus, Over Temporal And Spatial Scales, Jason G. Romine
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Numbers of sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in the Northwest Atlantic have experienced drastic declines since the early 1980's reaching their minima during the early 1990's. Catch rates in the early 1990's were a mere 25% of those during the 1980's. Such drastic reductions in other fish stocks have often caused compensatory responses, most notably the cod stocks in the Northwest Atlantic. Compensatory responses in depressed populations may include decreased natural mortality, increased fecundity, or increased growth rates. Compensation for population fluctuations below carrying capacities have been recognized for many terrestrial and oceanic r-selected organisms, but few instances have been noted …
Bottom-Up And Top-Down Controls On Sedimentary Ecosystem Functioning In A Seagrass Habitat, Amanda C. Spivak
Bottom-Up And Top-Down Controls On Sedimentary Ecosystem Functioning In A Seagrass Habitat, Amanda C. Spivak
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Coastal seagrass ecosystems are complex habitats that are increasingly influenced by human perturbations. Disturbances that affect the strength of bottom-up (i.e. resource availability) and top-down (i.e. consumer) controls may also influence biomass distribution between trophic levels, sediment biogeochemistry, and seagrass ecosystem metabolism. Here, I experimentally tested how top-down and bottom-up perturbations interact with community structure (diversity, food chain length of epibenthic consumers) to alter sediment biogeochemistry and ecosystem metabolism in an experimental eelgrass (Zostera marina ) system. My data indicated that resource availability influenced SOM composition and ecosystem metabolism. Light availability tended to be a stronger determinant of SOM composition …
Mercury Levels In Newly Independent Songbirds, Anne Moire Condon
Mercury Levels In Newly Independent Songbirds, Anne Moire Condon
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Community Dynamics In Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Intermediate Consumers As Mediators Of Environmental Change, James G. Douglass
Community Dynamics In Submersed Aquatic Vegetation: Intermediate Consumers As Mediators Of Environmental Change, James G. Douglass
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Natural ecosystems are strongly affected by changes in resource supply (bottom-up forces) and by changes in upper trophic levels (top-down forces). The extent to which these processes impact a system depends largely on the responses of organisms at middle trophic levels. In seagrass beds, a group of mid-level consumers known as mesograzers form a critical link in the chain of impact, connecting seagrass and epiphytic algae with predatory fishes and crustaceans. I observed dramatic seasonal and interannual changes in mesograzer abundance and species composition in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds of lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, and endeavored to explain the top-down …
Mesopelagic Zooplankton Feeding Ecology And Effects On Particle Repackaging And Carbon Transport In The Subtropical And Subarctic North Pacific Ocean, Stephanie E. Wilson
Mesopelagic Zooplankton Feeding Ecology And Effects On Particle Repackaging And Carbon Transport In The Subtropical And Subarctic North Pacific Ocean, Stephanie E. Wilson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Differences in zooplankton community structure and diet within the mesopelagic zone (base of euphotic zone to 1000 m) play a key role in affecting the efficiency by which organic matter is exported to depth, but how the structure of mesopelagic food webs change with depth or location is poorly known. I examined how mesopelagic zooplankton affect particle export in an oligotrophic (Hawaii Ocean Time-series site ALOHA) compared to a mesotrophic (Japanese time series site K2) open-ocean system. In the first part of the study, I investigated how fecal pellet characteristics change with depth in order to quantify the extent of …
Novel Use Of A Natural Isotope Signature To Track Recruitment And Evaluate Age Determination Methods For The 2002 Year Class Of American Shad In The York River, Sally A. Upton
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Status, Distribution And Reproductive Rates Of American Oystercatchers In Virginia, Alexandra Lee Wilke
Status, Distribution And Reproductive Rates Of American Oystercatchers In Virginia, Alexandra Lee Wilke
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.
Interspecific Interactions In Oyster Reef Communities: The Effect Of Established Fauna On Oyster Larval Recruitment, Brian B. Barnes
Interspecific Interactions In Oyster Reef Communities: The Effect Of Established Fauna On Oyster Larval Recruitment, Brian B. Barnes
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The behaviors of oyster larvae are difficult to monitor or experimentally manipulate, especially in field conditions. As a result, little is known of the fate of oysters in the larval portion of their life cycle, prior to recruitment. At the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic adults, larvae are likely to come into contact with many invertebrates resident on oyster reefs. Of these, fouling epifauna are generally believed to reduce the settlement of interspecific larvae through competitive exclusion and predation. Studies of these interactions, however, often utilize artificial settlement panels, which can exhibit different recruitment patterns to those observed on …
Effects Of Shoreline Development And Oyster Reefs On Benthic Communities In Lynnhaven, Virginia, Amanda Sue Lawless
Effects Of Shoreline Development And Oyster Reefs On Benthic Communities In Lynnhaven, Virginia, Amanda Sue Lawless
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Shoreline hardening and construction of restoration oyster reefs are occurring at rapid rates throughout Chesapeake Bay and little research has been conducted to determine whether installment of a hardened shoreline and oyster reef placement has an effect on the surrounding benthic infaunal communities. I investigated the effects of shoreline development and oyster reefs on benthic communities in Lynnhaven, Virginia. Throughout Lynnhaven, I determined the effects of shoreline type (natural marsh, oyster reef, rip-rap and bulkhead), sediment grain size, Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen (TOC/TN) of the sediment, and predation (caging study) on density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. An information-theoretic …
Zooplankton Community Structure In A Cyclonic And Mode-Water Eddy In The Sargasso Sea, Bethany Rose Eden
Zooplankton Community Structure In A Cyclonic And Mode-Water Eddy In The Sargasso Sea, Bethany Rose Eden
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Recent evidence suggests that mesoscale eddies are an important mechanism for supplying nutrients to the surface waters of oligotrophic gyres. However, little is known about the biological response to these physical perturbations. Because mesozooplankton play a key role in food-web interactions and the flux of carbon and other elements from surface waters, changes in mesozooplankton community structure can affect biogeochemical cycling. During the summers of 2004 and 2005, respectively, we followed the development of a cyclonic eddy and an anti-cyclonic mode-water eddy in the Sargasso Sea. Zooplankton tows were conducted across both eddies using a Multiple Opening and Closing Net …
An Evaluation Of Norovirus Persistence In Estuarine Water And Of Methods For Its Detection In Treated Sewage Effluent, Margaret H. Fagan
An Evaluation Of Norovirus Persistence In Estuarine Water And Of Methods For Its Detection In Treated Sewage Effluent, Margaret H. Fagan
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
No abstract provided.