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Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A 100-M-Scale Modeling Study Of A Gale Event On The Lee Side Of A Long Narrow Mountain, Halie Xue, Jian Li, Tingting Qian, Hongping Gu
A 100-M-Scale Modeling Study Of A Gale Event On The Lee Side Of A Long Narrow Mountain, Halie Xue, Jian Li, Tingting Qian, Hongping Gu
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
In this study, a gale event that occurred on the lee side of a long narrow mountain was investigated, together with the associated mountain flows, using a realistic-case large-eddy simulation (LES) that is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The mountain is located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where approximately 58 gales occur annually, mostly in the afternoons during the winter season. Benefitting from realistic topography and high horizontal resolution as fine as 111 m, the LES can replicate features similar to the wind fields observed during the gale period. Investigation of the early morning wind structure over …
Aerial And Ground-Based Optical Gas Imaging Survey Of Uinta Basin Oil And Gas Wells, Seth N. Lyman, Trang Tran, Marc L. Mansfield, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Aerial And Ground-Based Optical Gas Imaging Survey Of Uinta Basin Oil And Gas Wells, Seth N. Lyman, Trang Tran, Marc L. Mansfield, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Bingham Research Center
We deployed a helicopter with an infrared optical gas imaging camera to detect hydrocarbon emissions from 3,428 oil and gas facilities (including 3,225 producing oil and gas well pads) in Utah’s Uinta Basin during winter and spring 2018. We also surveyed 419 of the same well pads from the ground. Winter conditions led to poor contrast between emission plumes and the ground, leading to a detection limit for the aerial survey that was between two and six times worse than a previous summertime survey. Because the ground survey was able to use the camera’s high-sensitivity mode, the rate of detected …
The Total Syntheses Of Jbir-94 And Two Synthetic Analogs And Their Cytotoxicities Against A549 (Ccl-185) Human Small Lung Cancer Cells, Cathy L. Mangum, Mica B. Munford, Alyssa Sam, Sandra K. Young, Jeremy T. Beales, Yagya Prasad Subedi, Chad D. Mangum, Tanner J. Allen, Miranda S. Liddell, Andrew I. Merrell, Diana I. Saavedra, Becky L. Williams, Nicole Evans, Joseph L. Beales, Mike A. Christiansen
The Total Syntheses Of Jbir-94 And Two Synthetic Analogs And Their Cytotoxicities Against A549 (Ccl-185) Human Small Lung Cancer Cells, Cathy L. Mangum, Mica B. Munford, Alyssa Sam, Sandra K. Young, Jeremy T. Beales, Yagya Prasad Subedi, Chad D. Mangum, Tanner J. Allen, Miranda S. Liddell, Andrew I. Merrell, Diana I. Saavedra, Becky L. Williams, Nicole Evans, Joseph L. Beales, Mike A. Christiansen
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
We here disclose the total syntheses of the natural polyphenol JBIR-94 and two nonnatural analogs, whose structures are of interest for their bioactivity potential as radical scavengers. Although we initially attempted this by dually acylating both of putrecine’s amine nitrogens in a single pot, our endeavors with this method (which has been successfully reported by other groups) proved ineffectual. We accordingly opted for the lengthier approach of acylating each amine individually, which gratuitously prevailed and also aligns with separate literature precedent. Moreover, we here share our analysis of these target compounds’ cytotoxicities and IC50 values against A549 (CCL-185) human …
Salt Tolerance Of Sego Supremetm Plants, Asmita Paudel, Ji Jhong Chen, Youping Sun, Yuxiang Wang, Richard M. Anderson
Salt Tolerance Of Sego Supremetm Plants, Asmita Paudel, Ji Jhong Chen, Youping Sun, Yuxiang Wang, Richard M. Anderson
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Sego SupremeTM is a designated plant breeding and introduction program at the Utah State University Botanical Center and the Center for Water Efficient Landscaping. This plant selection program introduces native and adapted plants to the arid West for aesthetic landscaping and water conservation. The plants are evaluated for characteristics such as color, flowering, ease of propagation, market demand, disease/pest resistance, and drought tolerance. However, salt tolerance has not been considered during the evaluation processes. Four Sego SupremeTM plants [Aquilegia barnebyi (oil shale columbine), Clematis fruticosa (Mongolian gold clematis), Epilobium septentrionale (northern willowherb), and Tetraneuris acaulis var. arizonica …
Fate Of The Organophosphate Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos, In Leaves, Soil, And Air Following Application, Supta Das, Kimberly J. Hageman, Madeleine Taylor, Sue Michelsen-Heath, Ian Stewart
Fate Of The Organophosphate Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos, In Leaves, Soil, And Air Following Application, Supta Das, Kimberly J. Hageman, Madeleine Taylor, Sue Michelsen-Heath, Ian Stewart
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
A field study was conducted to further our understanding about the fate and transport of the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos, and its degradation product, chlorpyrifos oxon. Leaf, soil and air sampling was conducted for 21 days after chlorpyrifos application to a field of purple tansy (Phacelia tanacetifolia). Air samples were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) and seven battery-operated medium-volume active air samplers placed around the field and on a 500-m transect extending away from the field. Chlorpyrifos was detected every day of the sampling period in all matrices, with concentrations decreasing rapidly after application. Chlorpyrifos oxon was …
Differences In Drought Tolerance Among Gisela® Cherry Rootstocks Determined Using Automated Weighing Lysimeters, Lance V. Stott, Brent Black, Bruce Bugbee
Differences In Drought Tolerance Among Gisela® Cherry Rootstocks Determined Using Automated Weighing Lysimeters, Lance V. Stott, Brent Black, Bruce Bugbee
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The Gisela® series of dwarfing rootstock are widely used because they enable high-density production, but they may be sensitive to drought. Drought tolerance may be associated with root-zone distribution and depth or with physiological adaptation to low water potential. Here we describe a novel technique for determining physiological tolerance to drought when root distribution is held constant. In two matching studies, we continuously measured transpiration of two groups of eight trees using a 16-container automated weighing lysimeter system in a greenhouse. With this system, Gisela® 3, 5, and 12 (G.3, G.5, and G.12) rootstocks were subjected to multiple, controlled drought …
Data From: Cavitation Clusters In Lipid Systems – The Generation Of A Bifurcated Streamer And The Dual Collapse Of A Bubble Cluster, Silvana Martini, Peter Birkin, Tadd T. Truscott
Data From: Cavitation Clusters In Lipid Systems – The Generation Of A Bifurcated Streamer And The Dual Collapse Of A Bubble Cluster, Silvana Martini, Peter Birkin, Tadd T. Truscott
Browse all Datasets
Over the past decade several studies have reported the use of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) to induce the crystallization of lipids. The effect that HIU has on lipid crystallization is usually attributed to the generation of cavities but acoustic cavitation has never been fully explored in lipids. The dynamics of a particular cavitation cluster next to a piston like emitter in an oil, was investigated in this study. The lipid systems, which are important in food processing, are studied with high-speed camera imaging, laser scattering and pressure measurements. A sequence of stable clusters were noted. In addition, a bifurcated streamer …
Theoretical Studies Of Ir And Nmr Spectral Changes Induced By Sigma-Hole Hydrogen, Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, And Tetrel Bonds In A Model Protein Environment, Mariusz Michalczyk, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
Theoretical Studies Of Ir And Nmr Spectral Changes Induced By Sigma-Hole Hydrogen, Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, And Tetrel Bonds In A Model Protein Environment, Mariusz Michalczyk, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Various types of σ-hole bond complexes were formed with FX, HFY, H2FZ, and H3FT (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te; Z = P, As, Sb; T = Si, Ge, Sn) as Lewis acid. In order to examine their interactions with a protein, N-methylacetamide (NMA), a model of the peptide linkage was used as the base. These noncovalent bonds were compared by computational means with H-bonds formed by NMA with XH molecules (X = F, Cl, Br, I). In all cases, the A–F bond, which lies opposite the base and is responsible for …
Anisotropic Singlet Fission In Single Crystalline Hexacene, Dezheng Sun, Gang-Hua Deng, Bolei Xu, Enshi Xu, Xia Li, Yajing Wu, Yuqin Qian, Yu Zhong, Colin Nuckolls, Avetik R. Harutyunyan, Hai-Lung Dai, Gugang Chen, Hanning Chen, Yi Rao
Anisotropic Singlet Fission In Single Crystalline Hexacene, Dezheng Sun, Gang-Hua Deng, Bolei Xu, Enshi Xu, Xia Li, Yajing Wu, Yuqin Qian, Yu Zhong, Colin Nuckolls, Avetik R. Harutyunyan, Hai-Lung Dai, Gugang Chen, Hanning Chen, Yi Rao
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Singlet fission is known to improve solar energy utilization by circumventing the Shockley-Queisser limit. The two essential steps of singlet fission are the formation of a correlated triplet pair and its subsequent quantum decoherence. However, the mechanisms of the triplet pair formation and decoherence still remain elusive. Here we examined both essential steps in single crystalline hexacene and discovered remarkable anisotropy of the overall singlet fission rate along different crystal axes. Since the triplet pair formation emerges on the same timescale along both crystal axes, the quantum decoherence is likely responsible for the directional anisotropy. The distinct quantum decoherence rates …
Spectroscopic Description Of The E1 State Of Mo Nitrogenase Based On Mo And Fe X‑Ray Absorption And MöSsbauer Studies, Casey Van Stappen, Roman Davydov, Zhi-Yong Yang, Ruixi Fan, Yisong Guo, Eckhard Bill, Lance C. Seefeldt, Brian M. Hoffman, Serena Debeer
Spectroscopic Description Of The E1 State Of Mo Nitrogenase Based On Mo And Fe X‑Ray Absorption And MöSsbauer Studies, Casey Van Stappen, Roman Davydov, Zhi-Yong Yang, Ruixi Fan, Yisong Guo, Eckhard Bill, Lance C. Seefeldt, Brian M. Hoffman, Serena Debeer
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Mo nitrogenase (N2ase) utilizes a two-component protein system, the catalytic MoFe and its electron-transfer partner FeP, to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). The FeMo cofactor contained in the MoFe protein serves as the catalytic center for this reaction and has long inspired model chemistry oriented toward activating N2. This field of chemistry has relied heavily on the detailed characterization of how Mo N2ase accomplishes this feat. Understanding the reaction mechanism of Mo N2ase itself has presented one of the most challenging problems in bioinorganic chemistry because of the ephemeral nature of its …
Effects Of Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, And Tetrel Bonds On Ir And Nmr Spectra, Jia Lu, Steve Scheiner
Effects Of Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, And Tetrel Bonds On Ir And Nmr Spectra, Jia Lu, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Complexes were formed pairing FX, FHY, FH2Z, and FH3T (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te; Z = P, As, Sb; T = Si, Ge, Sn) with NH3 in order to form an A⋯N noncovalent bond, where A refers to the central atom. Geometries, energetics, atomic charges, and spectroscopic characteristics of these complexes were evaluated via DFT calculations. In all cases, the A–F bond, which is located opposite the base and is responsible for the σ-hole on the A atom, elongates and its stretching frequency undergoes a shift to the red. This …
Consecutive Extreme Flooding And Heat Wave In Japan: Are They Becoming A Norm?, Shih-Yu Simon Wang, Hyungjun Kim, Dim Coumou, Jin-Ho Yoon, Lin Zhao, Robert R. Gillies
Consecutive Extreme Flooding And Heat Wave In Japan: Are They Becoming A Norm?, Shih-Yu Simon Wang, Hyungjun Kim, Dim Coumou, Jin-Ho Yoon, Lin Zhao, Robert R. Gillies
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
In July 2018, Japan experienced two contrasting, yet consecutive, extreme events: a devastating flood in early July followed by unprecedented heat waves a week later. Death tolls from these two extreme events combined exceeded 300, accompanying tremendous economic losses (BBC: July 24, 2018; AP: July 30, 2018). Meteorological analysis on these 2018 events quickly emerged (JMA-TCC, 2018; Kotsuki et al., 2019; Tsuguti et al., 2019), highlighting several compound factors: a strengthened subtropical anticyclone, a deepened synoptic trough, and Typhoon Prapiroon that collectively enhanced the Baiu rainband (the Japanese summer monsoon), fostering heavy precipitation. The comprehensive study of these events, conducted …
Consumption Of Black Raspberries Altered The Composition Of The Fecal Microbiome In Mice Fed A Western Type Diet (Or04-01-19), Abby D. Benninghoff, Sumira Phatak, Korry Hintze
Consumption Of Black Raspberries Altered The Composition Of The Fecal Microbiome In Mice Fed A Western Type Diet (Or04-01-19), Abby D. Benninghoff, Sumira Phatak, Korry Hintze
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Dietary strategies to reduce colonic inflammation and promote gut homeostasis may markedly reduce the risk of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Previously, we showed that dietary supplementation with black raspberries significantly suppressed colitis and colon tumorigenesis promoted by the consumption a Western type diet in mice. In this study, our goal was to assess the impact of consumption of the TWD with and without black raspberry supplementation on the composition of the fecal microbiome over the course of disease development.
Dietary Intervention With Black Raspberries To Reduce Colitis Symptoms In Mice Fed Either Standard Ain93g Diet Or The Total Western Diet (P05-021-19), Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez, Michaela Brubaker, Elizabeth Park, Canyon Neal, Korry Hintze, Abby D. Benninghoff
Dietary Intervention With Black Raspberries To Reduce Colitis Symptoms In Mice Fed Either Standard Ain93g Diet Or The Total Western Diet (P05-021-19), Daphne Michelle Rodriguez Jimenez, Michaela Brubaker, Elizabeth Park, Canyon Neal, Korry Hintze, Abby D. Benninghoff
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Approximately 1.4 million people suffer from inflammatory bowel disease, which is a major risk factor for developing colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Dietary interventions with the goal to reduce colon inflammation and encourage gut microbiome homeostasis may be a strategy to reduce the risk of CAC. The antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds present in black raspberries (BRB) have demonstrated protective effects in the colon epithelium and may alter the composition of the gut microbiome. Previously, we showed that dietary supplementation with black raspberries significantly suppressed colitis and colon tumorigenesis promoted by the consumption of a Western type diet in mice. The …
On The Ability Of Pnicogen Atoms To Engage In Both Σ And Π-Hole Complexes. Heterodimers Of Zf2C6H5 (Z = P, As, Sb, Bi) And Nh3, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Mariusz Michalczyk, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
On The Ability Of Pnicogen Atoms To Engage In Both Σ And Π-Hole Complexes. Heterodimers Of Zf2C6H5 (Z = P, As, Sb, Bi) And Nh3, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Mariusz Michalczyk, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
When bound to a pair of F atoms and a phenyl ring, a pyramidal pnicogen (Z) atom can form a pnicogen bond wherein an NH3 base lies opposite one F atom. In addition to this σ-hole complex, the ZF2C6H5 molecule can distort in such a way that the NH3 approaches on the opposite side to the lone pair on Z, where there is a so-called π-hole. The interaction energies of these π-hole dimers are roughly 30 kcal/mol, much larger than the equivalent quantities for the σ-hole complexes, which are only 4–13 kcal/mol. On …
On The Relationship Between North India Summer Monsoon Rainfall And East Equatorial Indian Ocean Warming, Ramesh Kumar Yadav, Mathew Koll Roxy
On The Relationship Between North India Summer Monsoon Rainfall And East Equatorial Indian Ocean Warming, Ramesh Kumar Yadav, Mathew Koll Roxy
Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research
Generally, a strong north India summer-monsoon rainfall (NISR) is associated with anomalous upper troposphere ridge over northwest of India. This ridge triggers anomalous northerly winds over Tibetan Plateau and easterlies over India. The easterly anomaly over India reduces the tropospheric wind shear, while the northerly at Tibetan plateau allows frequent intrusions of high-latitude dry and cold meridional winds to interact with the lower-level relatively warm and moist easterly monsoonal flow, enhancing the NISR. The current study, using a suite of observations, reanalysis products and numerical model sensitivity experiments, explores the changes in NISR, and its association with the warming in …
Multiple Local Σ-Aromaticity Of Nonagermanide Clusters, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Alexander I. Boldyrev
Multiple Local Σ-Aromaticity Of Nonagermanide Clusters, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Alexander I. Boldyrev
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Nonagermanide clusters are widely used in inorganic synthesis and are actively studied by experimentalists and theoreticians. However, chemical bonding of such versatile species is still not completely understood. In our work we deciphered a bonding pattern for various experimentally obtained nonagermanide species. We localized the electron density via the AdNDP algorithm for the model structures ([Ge9]4−, [Ge9{P(NH2)2}3]−, Cu[Ge9{P(NH2)2}3] and Cu(NHC)[Ge9{P(NH2)2}3]) and obtained a simple and chemically intuitive bonding pattern which …
Interactions Of (My) 6 (M = Zn, Cd; Y = O, S, Se) Quantum Dots With N-Bases, Mariusz Michalczyk, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Steve Scheiner
Interactions Of (My) 6 (M = Zn, Cd; Y = O, S, Se) Quantum Dots With N-Bases, Mariusz Michalczyk, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
(MY)6 clusters, with M = Zn and Cd and Y = O, S, Se, form double-layer drum-like structures containing M–Y covalent bonds. The positive regions near the M atoms attract the N atom of both NH3 and NMe3 so as to form a noncovalent M···N bond. This bond is quite strong, with interaction energies exceeding 35 kcal/mol. The bond strength diminishes with reduced electronegativity of the Y atom (O > S > Se) and is stronger for M = Zn than for Cd. Trimethylation of the base enhances the bond strength. The interaction is dominated by the electrostatic component …
Marine Reserves Shape Seascapes On Scales Visible From Space, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Alastair R. Harborne, Aaron M. T. Harmer, Osmar J. Luiz, Trisha Brooke Atwood, Brian J. Sullivan, Joshua S. Madin
Marine Reserves Shape Seascapes On Scales Visible From Space, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Alastair R. Harborne, Aaron M. T. Harmer, Osmar J. Luiz, Trisha Brooke Atwood, Brian J. Sullivan, Joshua S. Madin
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Marine reserves can effectively restore harvested populations, and ‘mega-reserves’ increasingly protect large tracts of ocean. However, no method exists of monitoring ecological responses at this large scale. Herbivory is a key mechanism structuring ecosystems, and this consumer–resource interaction's strength on coral reefs can indicate ecosystem health. We screened 1372, and measured features of 214, reefs throughout Australia's Great Barrier Reef using high-resolution satellite imagery, combined with remote underwater videography and assays on a subset, to quantify the prevalence, size and potential causes of ‘grazing halos’. Halos are known to be seascape-scale footprints of herbivory and other ecological interactions. Here we …
The Nifz Accessory Protein Has An Equivalent Function In Maturation Of Both Nitrogenase Mofe Protein P-Clusters, Emilio Jimenez-Vicente, Zhi-Yong Yang, Julia S. Martin Del Campo, Valarie L. Cash, Lance C. Seefeldt, Dennis R. Dean
The Nifz Accessory Protein Has An Equivalent Function In Maturation Of Both Nitrogenase Mofe Protein P-Clusters, Emilio Jimenez-Vicente, Zhi-Yong Yang, Julia S. Martin Del Campo, Valarie L. Cash, Lance C. Seefeldt, Dennis R. Dean
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The Mo-dependent nitrogenase comprises two interacting components called the Fe protein and the MoFe protein. The MoFe protein is an α2β2 heterotetramer that harbors two types of complex metalloclusters, both of which are necessary for N2reduction. One type is a 7Fe-9S-Mo-C-homocitrate species designated FeMo-cofactor, which provides the N2-binding catalytic site, and the other is an 8Fe-7S species designated the P-cluster, involved in mediating intercomponent electron transfer to FeMo-cofactor. The MoFe protein's catalytic partner, Fe protein, is also required for both FeMo-cofactor formation and the conversion of an immature form of P-clusters to the …
Increased Variability Of Thailand's Chao Phraya River Peak Season Flow And Its Association With Enso Variability: Evidence From Tree Ring Δ18O, Chenxi Xu, Brendan M. Buckley, Parichart Promchote, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Wenling An, Masaki Sano, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Zhengtang Guo
Increased Variability Of Thailand's Chao Phraya River Peak Season Flow And Its Association With Enso Variability: Evidence From Tree Ring Δ18O, Chenxi Xu, Brendan M. Buckley, Parichart Promchote, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Wenling An, Masaki Sano, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Zhengtang Guo
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
We present a statistically robust reconstruction of Thailand's Chao Phraya River peak season streamflow (CPRPF) that spans the 202 years from 1804 to 2005 CE. Our reconstruction is based on tree ring δ18O series derived from three Pinus merkusii sites from Laos and Thailand. The regional δ18O index accounts for 57% of the observed variance of CPRPF. Spatial correlation and 21‐year running correlation analyses reveal that CPRPF is greatly influenced by regional precipitation variations associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Periods of enhanced and reduced ENSO activity are associated with strong and weak ENSO‐streamflow correlation, …
Relative Salt Tolerance Of Seven Japanese Spirea Cultivars, Yuxiang Wang, Liqin Li, Youping Sun, Xin Dai
Relative Salt Tolerance Of Seven Japanese Spirea Cultivars, Yuxiang Wang, Liqin Li, Youping Sun, Xin Dai
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Spirea (Spiraea sp.) plants are commonly used in landscapes in Utah and the intermountain western United States. The relative salt tolerance of seven japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) cultivars (Galen, Minspi, NCSX1, NCSX2, SMNSJMFP, Tracy, and Yan) were evaluated in a greenhouse. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dSmL1 (control) or saline solutions with an EC of 3.0 or 6.0 dSmL1 once per week for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment, all japanese spirea cultivars irrigated with saline solution with an EC of 3.0 dSmL1 still exhibited good or …
Optical Stability Of 1,1′-Binaphthyl Derivatives, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Steve Scheiner
Optical Stability Of 1,1′-Binaphthyl Derivatives, Nikolay V. Tkachenko, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The racemization process of various 1,1′-binaphthyl derivatives is studied by quantum calculations. The preferred racemization pathway passes through a transition state belonging to the Ci symmetry group. The energy barrier for this process is independent of solvation, the electron-withdrawing/releasing power of substituents, or their ability to engage in H-bonds within the molecule. The primary factor is instead the substituent size. The barrier is thus reduced when the −OH groups of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol are replaced by H. There is a drop in the barrier also when the substituents are moved from the 2,2′ positions to 6,6′, where they will not come …
Ground, Proximal, And Satellite Remote Sensing Of Soil Moisture, Ebrahim Babaeian, Morteza Sadeghi, Scott B. Jones, Carsten Montzka, Harry Vereecken, Markus Tuller
Ground, Proximal, And Satellite Remote Sensing Of Soil Moisture, Ebrahim Babaeian, Morteza Sadeghi, Scott B. Jones, Carsten Montzka, Harry Vereecken, Markus Tuller
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Soil moisture (SM) is a key hydrologic state variable that is of significant importance for numerous Earth and environmental science applications that directly impact the global environment and human society. Potential applications include, but are not limited to, forecasting of weather and climate variability; prediction and monitoring of drought conditions; management and allocation of water resources; agricultural plant production and alleviation of famine; prevention of natural disasters such as wild fires, landslides, floods, and dust storms; or monitoring of ecosystem response to climate change. Because of the importance and wide‐ranging applicability of highly variable spatial and temporal SM information that …
Molecular Rotation In 3 Dimensions At An Air/Water Interface Using Femtosecond Time Resolved Sum Frequency Generation, Yi Rao, Yuqin Qian, Gang-Hua Deng, Ashlie Kinross, Nicholas J. Turro, Kenneth B. Eisenthal
Molecular Rotation In 3 Dimensions At An Air/Water Interface Using Femtosecond Time Resolved Sum Frequency Generation, Yi Rao, Yuqin Qian, Gang-Hua Deng, Ashlie Kinross, Nicholas J. Turro, Kenneth B. Eisenthal
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
This paper presents the first study of the rotations of rigid molecules in 3 dimensions at the air/water interface, using the femtosecond time resolved sum frequency generation (SFG) technique. For the purpose of this research, the aromatic dye molecule C153 was chosen as an example of a molecule having two functional groups that are SFG active, one being the hydrophilic −−C==O group and the other the hydrophobic −−CF3 group. From polarized SFG measurements, the orientations of the two chromophores with respect to the surface normal were obtained. On combining these results with the known relative orientation of the two …
Pantropical Climate Interactions, Wenju Cai, Lixin Wu, Matthieu Lengaigne, Tim Li, Shayne Mcgregor, Jong-Seong Kug, Jin-Yi Yu, Malte F. Stuecker, Agus Santoso, Xichen Li, Yoo-Geun Ham, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Benjamin Ng, Michael J. Mcphaden, Yan Du, Et Al.
Pantropical Climate Interactions, Wenju Cai, Lixin Wu, Matthieu Lengaigne, Tim Li, Shayne Mcgregor, Jong-Seong Kug, Jin-Yi Yu, Malte F. Stuecker, Agus Santoso, Xichen Li, Yoo-Geun Ham, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Benjamin Ng, Michael J. Mcphaden, Yan Du, Et Al.
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a …
Transition State Interactions In A Promiscuous Enzyme: Sulfate And Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Arylsulfatase, Bert Van Loo, Ryan Berry, Usa Boonyuen, Mark F. Mohamed, Marko Golicnik, Alvan C. Hengge, Florian Hollfelder
Transition State Interactions In A Promiscuous Enzyme: Sulfate And Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Arylsulfatase, Bert Van Loo, Ryan Berry, Usa Boonyuen, Mark F. Mohamed, Marko Golicnik, Alvan C. Hengge, Florian Hollfelder
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase (PAS) hydrolyses sulfate and, promiscuously, phosphate monoesters. Enzyme-catalyzed sulfate transfer is crucial to a wide variety of biological processes, but detailed studies of the mechanistic contributions to its catalysis are lacking. We present linear free energy relationships (LFERs) and kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) of PAS and active site mutants that suggest a key role for leaving group (LG) stabilization. In LFERs PASWT has a much less negative Brønsted coefficient (ßleaving group obs-Enz=-0.33) than the uncatalyzed reaction (ßleaving group obs=-1.81). This situation is diminished when cationic active site groups are exchanged for alanine. …
Genetic Loci Associated With Salt Tolerance In Advanced Breeding Populations Of Tetraploid Alfalfa Using Genome-Wide Association Studies, Xiang-Ping Liu, Charles Hawkins, Michael D. Peel, Long-Xi Yu
Genetic Loci Associated With Salt Tolerance In Advanced Breeding Populations Of Tetraploid Alfalfa Using Genome-Wide Association Studies, Xiang-Ping Liu, Charles Hawkins, Michael D. Peel, Long-Xi Yu
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
Many agricultural lands in the western United States consist of soil with high concentrations of salt, which is detrimental to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth and production, especially in the region where water resource is limited. Developing alfalfa varieties with salt tolerance is imperative for sustainable production under increasing soil salinity. In the present study, we used advanced alfalfa breeding populations and evaluated five traits related to salt tolerance including biomass dry weight (DW) and fresh weight (FW), plant height (PH), leaf relative water content (RWC), and stomatal conductance (SC) under control and salt stress. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) …
Catalytic Mechanism For The Conversion Of Salicylate Into Catechol By The Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase Salicylate Hydroxylase, Débora M. A. Costa, Stefanya V. Gómez, Simara S. De Araújo, Mozart S. Pereira, Rosemeire B. Alves, Denize C. Favaro, Alvan C. Hengge, Ronaldo A. P. Nagem, Tiago A. S. Brandão
Catalytic Mechanism For The Conversion Of Salicylate Into Catechol By The Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase Salicylate Hydroxylase, Débora M. A. Costa, Stefanya V. Gómez, Simara S. De Araújo, Mozart S. Pereira, Rosemeire B. Alves, Denize C. Favaro, Alvan C. Hengge, Ronaldo A. P. Nagem, Tiago A. S. Brandão
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Salicylate hydroxylase (NahG) is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the decarboxylative hydroxylation of salicylate into catechol in the naphthalene degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida G7. We explored the mechanism of action of this enzyme in detail using a combination of structural and biophysical methods. NahG shares many structural and mechanistic features with other versatile flavin-dependent monooxygenases, with potential biocatalytic applications. The crystal structure at 2.0 Å resolution for the apo form of NahG adds a new snapshot preceding the FAD binding in flavin-dependent monooxygenases. The kcat/Km for the salicylate reaction catalyzed by the holo form is …
Dual Geometry Schemes In Tetrel Bonds: Complexes Between Tf4(T = Si, Ge, Sn) And Pyridine Derivatives, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Mariusz Michalczyk, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
Dual Geometry Schemes In Tetrel Bonds: Complexes Between Tf4(T = Si, Ge, Sn) And Pyridine Derivatives, Wiktor Zierkiewicz, Mariusz Michalczyk, Rafał Wysokiński, Steve Scheiner
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
When an N-base approaches the tetrel atom of TF4(T = Si, Ge, Sn) the latter moleculedeforms from a tetrahedral structure in the monomer to a trigonal bipyramid. The base can situateitself at either an axial or equatorial position, leading to two different equilibrium geometries.The interaction energies are considerably larger for the equatorial structures, up around 50 kcal/mol,which also have a shorter R(T··N) separation. On the other hand, the energy needed to deform thetetrahedral monomer into the equatorial structure is much higher than the equivalent deformationenergy in the axial dimer. When these two opposite trends are combined, it is the axial …