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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Addressing Distress And Pain In Animal Research: The Veterinary, Research, Societal, Regulatory And Ethical Contexts For Moving Forward, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan
Addressing Distress And Pain In Animal Research: The Veterinary, Research, Societal, Regulatory And Ethical Contexts For Moving Forward, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan
Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil
While most people recognize that biomedical scientists are searching for knowledge that will improve the health of humans and animals, the image of someone deliberately causing harm to an animal in order to produce data that may lead to some future benefit has always prompted an uncomfortable reaction outside the laboratory. However, proponents of animal research have usually justified the practice by reference to greater benefits (new knowledge and medical treatments) over lesser costs (in animal suffering and death). Given that one of the costs of animal research is the suffering experienced by the animals, the goal of eliminating distress …
The Minimization Of Research Animal Distress And Pain: Conclusions And Recommendations, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan
The Minimization Of Research Animal Distress And Pain: Conclusions And Recommendations, Kathleen Conlee, Martin Stephens, Andrew N. Rowan
Andrew N. Rowan, DPhil
While the attention given to preventing, assessing, and alleviating pain in research animals has increased noticeably in recent decades, much remains to be done both in terms of implementing best practices and conducting studies to answer outstanding questions. In contrast, the attention to distress (particularly non-pain induced distress) has shown no comparable increase. There are many reasons for this discrepancy, including the conceptual untidiness of the distress concept, the paucity of pharmacological treatments for distress, and perceived lack of regulatory emphasis on distress. These are challenges that need to be addressed and overcome. This book is intended to help meet …
The Arctic Research Of The Composition Of The Troposphere From Aircraft And Satellites (Arctas) Mission: Design, Execution, And First Results, D J. Jacob, J H. Crawford, H Maring, A D. Clarke, J E. Dibb, L K. Emmons, R A. Ferrare, C A. Hostetler, P B. Russell, H B. Singh, A M. Thompson, G E. Shaw, E Mccauley, J R. Pederson, J A. Fisher
The Arctic Research Of The Composition Of The Troposphere From Aircraft And Satellites (Arctas) Mission: Design, Execution, And First Results, D J. Jacob, J H. Crawford, H Maring, A D. Clarke, J E. Dibb, L K. Emmons, R A. Ferrare, C A. Hostetler, P B. Russell, H B. Singh, A M. Thompson, G E. Shaw, E Mccauley, J R. Pederson, J A. Fisher
Jenny A Fisher
The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June–July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. The June–July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California (ARCTAS-CARB) focused on (1) improving state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) providing observations to test and improve models …