Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Runoff Studies In Different Cropping Systems And Preliminary Results For Nitrogen Leaching, Ragnar Eltun

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

A cropping system project was started at Apelsvoll Research Station in 1990, with the aim of developing cropping systems to minimise nutrient leaching and maximise food quality and economy. The experiment involves cash crop and forage crop systems with conventional, integrated and organic farming. This paper presents the experimental layout and preliminary measurements of nitrogen leaching. Both drainage water concentrations and runoff results shows that nitrogen leaching is less from cropping systems dominated by forages than from cash crop systems with cereals and potatoes.

Micro-Computer Version Of The Database On Feed Commodities Derived From Pastures And Green Crops, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The subunit of the national feed database devoted specifically to feeds derived from grasslands and green crops is presented. This collection of chemical and nutritional data is the result of 20 years of data collection from analyses conducted from 62 laboratories Australia-wide, The data entries are classified according to each Australian state and laboratory which provided the analytical and nutritional characteristics of fodder. Each entry is classified according to the International Feed Numbering (IFN) system as maintained by the International Network of Feed Information Centres (INFIC), The data in the collection as presented in the paper are an integral part …

Energy Balance Of Different Intensive Forage Cropping Systems In Northern Italy, M Onofrii, C Tomasoni, L Borrelli, L Bechini

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Five forage crop rotations at two intensification levels have been compared using energy analysis, to have an integrated view on the systems under study. Inputs required by the five rotations ranged from 33 to 72 GJ•ha-1•yr1• Outputs from cropping systems ranged from41 to 153 GJ•ha-1•yr1 and output/input ratios from 1,25 to 2,13. The most efficient rotations in terms of net energy production efficiency have been characterised by reduced length and presence of maize and catch-crops. Low intensification level has caused higher efficiency in three rotations.

Impacts Of Forage Cropping Decisions On Feed-Flows In Cool- Temperate Grazing Systems, D. R. Stevens, M. J. Casey

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Intensive cool-temperate grasslands often rely on adding forage crops to help supply feed when pasture growth is limited by cool temperatures and low sunlight. We tested the impacts of using single- or multi-graze crops to alter feed supply in either summer/autumn or winter on productivity in red deer farming systems in a cool-temperate environment. The choice of single-graze or multi-graze crops to provide forage in deer grazing systems had an impact on the feed flows and the amount of pasture available, with multi-graze crops supplying more feed during the dry summer months while single-graze crops supplying more feed during the …

Balancing Water Use Efficiency And Milk Production In The Sub-Tropics, Mark N. Callow, S. K. Kenman

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Queensland dairy farmers have had to confront in the last 5 years deregulation of the milk pricing system, resulting in a 25% reduction in farm gate price for milk in the year 2000, and drought. Many storage dams are significantly below capacity and regulatory authorities have imposed restrictions on irrigation water allocations. Major changes in farm business strategies were needed to overcome the shortfall in milk income. Production systems had to change to deliver more milk more efficiently and become more profitable. A farmlet study was developed in the sub-tropical dairy region of Queensland to evaluate 5 very different farm …

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On Nitrate Leaching And Production Of Autumn-Sown Italian Ryegrass In A Double-Cropping System On A New Zealand Dairy Farm, Errol R. Thom, A. A. Judge, R. N. Jensen, M. S. Sprosen, Sterwart F. Ledgard, W. D. Catto

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

On intensive dairy farms in New Zealand, winter Italian ryegrass crops are combined with summer maize silage crops in double-cropping systems. Limited data (Davies & Neilson, 1975) showed variable ryegrass yield responses to nitrogen (N) fertiliser when grown after maize. Nitrogen leaching losses were not measured in this experiment but Ledgard et al. (1988) showed that late autumn/early winter N applications are vulnerable to leaching. Different rates of N fertiliser were applied to Italian ryegrass grown after maize to assess yield responses and levels of nitrate leaching.

Comments On The Present Activity Of Czech Specialists In Grassland Cultivation, B. Cagaš

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Unlike some other countries, there is no officially established forage crop or grassland society in the Czech Republic. This, however, does not mean that activity in this field is lacking. Several institutions are involved in the development of grassland research. These are predominantly: Grassland Commission of the Section of Plant Production of the Czech Academy of Agricultural Science, Forage Crop Commission of the Bohemian-Moravian Union of Plant Breeders, Bohemian-Moravian Association of Plant Breeding and Seed Production and Association of Grass and Clover Seed Growers. Members of these institutions are researchers and breeders of grasses and legumes, university lecturers from departments …

Yield And Mineral Concentration Changes In Maize And Italian Ryegrass Cropping Systems, Sachiko Idota, Yasuyuki Ishii

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Mineral balance between plants and soil to which fertilizer has been applied is important in sustainable agriculture. Cropping systems are chosen based on considerations of crop yield, soil physical and chemical properties and climatic conditions. Thus, the sustainability of a forage cropping system should only be assessed after continuous cultivation has been practiced for several years. Forage crop production is employed in the rice paddies of Japan during summer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and mineral concentration of forage crops cultivated in hard-textured soils for 4 years.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Forage Crops And Silage Fermentation, Yimin Cai, Ryuichi Uegaki, Y. Fujita

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Six strains, Lactobacillus plantarum CM 1, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CM 2, Pediococcus acidilactici CM 4 Enterococcus faecalis CM 5, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CM 7 and Weissella paramesenteroides CM 8 isolated from forage crops were used as additives at 1.0x10⁵ cfu g^-1 of fresh matter to Italian ryegrass and alfalfa, and their effect on silage fermentation was studied. The two silage’s treated with strains CM 1, CM 2 and CM 4 were well preserved; had significantly lower pH values, butyric acid and ammonia N concentrations; and had significantly higher lactic acid content than did the respective control, strains CM 5, CM …

Closing Feed Gaps By Winter Forage Production In Limpopo: What Is The Potential?, S. A. Lamega, M. Komainda, M. P. Hoffmann, J. J. Odhiambo, K. K. Ayisi, Johannes Isselstein

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In southern Africa, livestock productivity in mixed crop-livestock systems is constrained by forage supply towards the end of the dry period. Opportunities to improve forage availability to close the temporal feed gap counteracting negative effects on production as well as on environment need to be explored. A promising option might be the planting of cover crops (CC) during the winter period. Hence, a field experiment was conducted in the Limpopo province (South Africa) during the autumn-winter period of 2019 at two sites (Syferkuil, Thohoyandu) with contrasting climatic conditions and soil type. We selected multi-functional C3 species – winter rye ( …

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content And Seed Toxicity In Crotalaria Species, J. A. Mosjidis, I. Khan, J. Hess

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Study On Optimum Forage Cropping System At Reclaimed Tideland Of Central Provinces In Korea, J. S. Shin, W. H. Kim, S. H. Yoon, K. B. Lim, S. Seo

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Yield Trends And Soil Mineral Changes In Three Summer Winter Forage Cropping Systems For 5 Consecutive Years In Southern Kyushu, Japan, Sachiko Idota, Yasuyuki Ishii

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

No abstract provided.

Forage Seed System, Indigenous Knowledge And Constraints Of Forage Production In Afghanistan, Srinivas Tavva, Roberto Tellaria, Zewdie Bishaw, Niane Abdul Aziz, Serkan Ates, Yashpal Singh Saharawat, Hyatullah Esmati

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

The Afghanistan seed sector is in transition after the postwar reconstruction and rebuilding (Kugbei et al., 2011). Though the national seed policy and law was enacted in 2009 (Gazette, Govt. of Afghanistan, 2009), its implementation is yet to take off. Availability and access to quality seed is one of the major limiting factors for the crop-livestock production system in Afghanistan. Informal seed sector is dominant where the vast majority of farmers are saving their own seed of both local and improved varieties of forage crops. The purpose of this study is to understand the status of the forage seed …

Introduction Of Grass Pea As A Suitable Summer Crop After Barley Harvesting In The Semi-Arid Areas, Khoshnood, Mahmoud Pooryousef, Shiv Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage production during summer season is a big challenge in the semi-arid dry areas. Forage crops become more important with increasing demand for meat and milk in the developing countries (Delgado, 2003). There are suitable opportunities to increase forage production without any decrease in cultivated areas under major cereal crops. Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and other neglected crops offer viable options for forage production. Forage crops cannot be recommended for cultivation at the expense of cereal crops which are defined as strategic crops for food security in most countries including Iran (Anonymous, 2010). Therefore, it is necessary to …

Impact Of Grazing On The Silage Yield Of Forage Oat Crops, Keith G. Pembleton, Matthew T. Harrison, Richard P. Rawnsley

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Winter forage oat crops are increasing in acreage on Tasmanian dairy farms. Such crops can be grazed multiple times during vegetative development in winter then later harvested for silage at the booting or soft dough growth stages in spring. Although effects of grazing on grain yield of winter cereal crops have been well characterised (Harrison et al. 2011), little research has been conducted on the influence of grazing on the forage and silage yield potential of oats grown in Tasmania.

We aimed to explore the influence of grazing management on the yields of forage for grazing and ensiling of …

Variations An Α-Tocopherol And Β-Carotene Concentrations In Forage Legumes And Grasses Harvested At Different Sites And Maturity Stages, Elisabet Nadeau, Hanna Lindqvist, Søren Krogh Jensen, Nilla Nilsdotter-Linde, Anne-Maj Gustavsson

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

Forage is a major source of natural α-tocopherol and β-carotene for dairy cows. This study examined vitamin concentrations of birdsfoot trefoil (Bft), red clover (Rc), timothy (Ti) and meadow fescue (Mf) at different sites, years and cutting dates. Mixtures of Bft+Ti, Rc+Ti and Rc+Mf were established at Skara (58°21’N; 13°08’E) and Umeå (63°45’N; 20°17’E) in Sweden. First-year leys were cut on three occasions in spring (Umeå 2005, Skara 2005 and 2007); one week before heading of timothy, at heading and one week after heading. Birdsfoot trefoil had higher α-tocopherol concentration at Skara than at Umeå in the first two cuts …

Effects Of Diet During The First Winter On Replacement Heifer Weight Gain And Body Condition Score During The Subsequent Grazing Season, Emer Kennedy, Fergal Coughlan, Steven Fitzgerald, John Paul Murphy

IGC Proceedings (1993-2023)

In seasonal calving dairy production systems it is important that heifers attain puberty in an appropriate timeframe especially when they are bred to calve at 2 years of age and in systems that impose restricted breeding periods (Ferrell, 1982). Achieving target weights at key time points is critical because, for example, the onset of puberty usually occurs in dairy heifers at 30-40% of their expected mature BW (Heinrichs 1993) which corresponds to approximately 240-320 kg in Holstein heifers. Furthermore, heifers should be managed to achieve 55% to 60% of mature bodyweight (BW) at mating start date (MSD; Patterson et al …

Slides: Livestock Grazing On The Public Lands, Joe Feller

The Past, Present, and Future of Our Public Lands: Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Public Land Law Review Commission’s Report, One Third of the Nation’s Land (Martz Summer Conference, June 2-4)

Presenter: Joe Feller, Professor of Law, Arizona State University Law School; Visiting Professor, University of Colorado Law School

33 slides

Crop Updates 2007 - Farming Systems, David Jeffries, A. Loi, B. J. Nutt, C. K. Revell, Yvette Oliver, Michael Robertson, Bill Bowden, Kit Leake, Ashley Bonser, Ian Maling, Bindi Isbister, Garren Knell, Alison Slade, David Stephens, Michael Meuleners, David Beard, Nicolyn Short, Rob Grima, Ingrid Richardson, Ruhi Ferdowsian, Geoff Bee, David Evans, Bob Gilkes, Senthold Asseng, Jim Dixon, Felicity Byrne, Mike Ewing, Dennis Van Gool, Louise Barton, Ralf Kiese, David Gatter, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Renee Buck, Christoph Hinz, Daniel Murphy, Cameron Weeks, Meredith Fairbanks, John Peirce, Brad Rayner, Sandy White, Paul Damon, Qifa Ma, Zed Rengel, Ed Barrett-Lennard, Meir Altman, Tracey M. Gianatti, Lindsay Bell, Ben Webb, Caroline Peek, Paul Sanford, Paul Blackwell, Glen Riethmuller, Darshan Sharma, Mike Collins, Frank D'Emden, David Hall, G. P. Manango, D. L. Steverson, Vanessa Stewart, Julie Roche, Peter Rutherford, Imma Farré, Ian Foster, Stephen Charles, Frances Hoyle, N. Milton, M. Osman, L. K. Abbott, W. R. Cookson, S. Darmawanto, Rob Sands, David Mccarthy, Paul Carmody, J. Russell, J. Eyres, G. Fosbery, A. Roe, Phil Nichols, Andrew Bathgate, Anne Wilkins

Crop Updates

This session covers forty papers from different authors:

1. Quality Assurance and industry stewardship, David Jeffries, Better Farm IQ Manager, Cooperative Bulk Handling

2. Sothis: Trifolium dasyurum (Eastern Star clover), A. Loi, B.J. Nutt and C.K. Revell, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. Poor performing patches of the paddock – to ameliorate or live with low yield? Yvette Oliver¹, Michael Robertson¹, Bill Bowden², Kit Leake³and Ashley Bonser³, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems¹, Department of Food and Agriculture², Kellerberrin Farmer³

4. What evidence is there that …

Guide To Growing Summer Grain & Forages In The South Coast Region, Western Australia, Andrea Hills, Sally-Anne Penny

Agriculture reports

Growing summer grain and forages in the south coast region of Western Australia. Information is included for sorghum, millet family, sunflowers, and safflower.