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Hydrology

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Wayne State University

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Biochar For Treating Wsu Parking Lot Runoff, Alan-Christian Thomas Jan 2018

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Biochar For Treating Wsu Parking Lot Runoff, Alan-Christian Thomas

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2017-18

Various pollutants including pesticides, herbicides, automotive fluids, and excess nutrients from fertilizers are found in high concentrations in urban runoff. There are many technologies that can be used to control and redirect the water flow such as retention basins, constructed wetlands, and rain gardens; however, these methods are specifically focused on controlling water and not necessarily the nutrients and contaminants in the water. There has recently been an increased interest in the potential for using additional materials (e.g., compost, charcoal) to enhance the pollution treatment ability by either adding them to the soil or by engineering prefilters to remove pollutants …

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Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Bioswales In Southeast Michigan, Grace Crowe Jan 2018

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Bioswales In Southeast Michigan, Grace Crowe

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2017-18

Bioswales are modern storm water management structures that utilize biological components in a traditional wale to more effectively filter out contaminants. Because of its modern nature the installation and management practices for bioswales is still developing. Perfecting the practices surrounding bioswales in southeast Michigan environment can aid in the advancement of green infrastructure in the state. Wayne State installed a bioswale in one its parking lots in New Center with the help of the Detroit Biodiversity Network (DBN). We wanted to monitor the progression of this existing bioswale throughout the year, observing the system components effecting overall bioswale performance. The …

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A Combined Radio- And Stable-Isotopic Study Of A California Coastal Aquifer System, Peter W. Swarzenski, Mark Baskaran, Robert J. Rosenbauer, Brian D. Edwards, Michael Land Apr 2013

A Combined Radio- And Stable-Isotopic Study Of A California Coastal Aquifer System, Peter W. Swarzenski, Mark Baskaran, Robert J. Rosenbauer, Brian D. Edwards, Michael Land

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Stable and radioactive tracers were utilized in concert to characterize geochemical processes in a complex coastal groundwater system and to provide constraints on the kinetics of rock/water interactions. Groundwater samples from wells within the Dominguez Gap region of Los Angeles County, California were analyzed for a suite of major cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) and anions (Cl−, SO42−), silica, alkalinity, select trace elements (Ba, B, Sr), dissolved oxygen, stable isotopes of hydrogen (δD), oxygen (δ18O), dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC), and radioactive …

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Effects Of Flow Rates And Composition Of The Filter, And Decay/Ingrowth Correction Factors Involved With The Determination Of In Situ Particulate 210Po And 210Pb In Seawater, Mark Baskaran, Thomas Church, Gi Hong, Anupam Kumar, Ma Qiang, Hui Choi, Sylvain Rigaud, Kanchan Maiti Mar 2013

Effects Of Flow Rates And Composition Of The Filter, And Decay/Ingrowth Correction Factors Involved With The Determination Of In Situ Particulate 210Po And 210Pb In Seawater, Mark Baskaran, Thomas Church, Gi Hong, Anupam Kumar, Ma Qiang, Hui Choi, Sylvain Rigaud, Kanchan Maiti

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Accurate measurements of particulate 210Po (210Pop) and 210Pb (210Pbp) are required in the investigation of (i) partitioning of Po and Pb between particulate and dissolved phases and (ii) export estimates of carbon and other key trace metals from the euphotic zone via sinking particulate matter. Based on the intercomparison of different composition of the filter material (QMA, Supor, Millipore, and Pall GN6) and flow rates (2 to 8 L min), we show how these factors affect the measured concentrations of 210Pop and 210Pbp and their activity …

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Intercalibration Studies Of 210Po And 210Pb In Dissolved And Particulate Seawater Samples, Thomas Church, Sylvain Rigaud, Mark Baskaran, Anupam Kumar, Jana Friedrich, Pere Masque, Viena Puigcorbé, Guebuem Kim, Olivier Radakovitch, Gi Hong, Hui Choi, Gillian Stewart Oct 2012

Intercalibration Studies Of 210Po And 210Pb In Dissolved And Particulate Seawater Samples, Thomas Church, Sylvain Rigaud, Mark Baskaran, Anupam Kumar, Jana Friedrich, Pere Masque, Viena Puigcorbé, Guebuem Kim, Olivier Radakovitch, Gi Hong, Hui Choi, Gillian Stewart

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Documented is an intercalibration (IC) exercise for both 210Po and 210Pb in seawater aliquots distributed between up to eight international laboratories that followed individual protocols. Dissolved and particulate samples were provided by GEOTRACES during two IC cruises at baseline stations in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Included were surface and/or deep dissolved and particulate samples at each site, plus complete profiles analyzed by the laboratory of the lead author. An unspecified solid phase standard was also distributed with 210Po and 210Pb in secular equilibrium to confirm spike calibrations. The 210Po activities reported n …

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Depositional Fluxes And Concentrations Of 7Be And 210Pb In Bulk Precipitation And Aerosols At The Interface Of Atlantic And Mediterranean Coasts In Spain, R. L. Lozano, E. G. San Miguel, J. P. Bolívar, M. Baskaran Sep 2011

Depositional Fluxes And Concentrations Of 7Be And 210Pb In Bulk Precipitation And Aerosols At The Interface Of Atlantic And Mediterranean Coasts In Spain, R. L. Lozano, E. G. San Miguel, J. P. Bolívar, M. Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Bulk depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb in precipitation measured over a period of 16 months (April 2009–July 2010) in Huelva, Spain varied between 5.6 and 186 Bq m−2 month−1 (annual mean: 834 Bq m−2 year−1) and 0.8 and 8.1 Bq m−2 month−1 (annual mean: 59 Bq m−2 year−1), respectively, with the lowest depositional fluxes occurring during dry summer months. Quantitative evaluation of the precipitation-normalized seasonal depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb indicates that the enrichment factor in winter is < 1.0 while in 2010 spring, it is significantly higher than 1, possibly indicating input of air from the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (for 7Be). The specific activities of …

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Residence Times And Temporal Variations Of 210Po In Aerosols And Precipitation From Southeastern Michigan, United States, Daphne Mcneary, Mark Baskaran Feb 2007

Residence Times And Temporal Variations Of 210Po In Aerosols And Precipitation From Southeastern Michigan, United States, Daphne Mcneary, Mark Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Daughter products of 222Rn (such as 210Pb, half-life = 22.1 years, and 210Po, half-life = 138 days) have been widely used as tracers to determine the removal rates of aerosols as well to obtain analog information on the behavior of other chemical species in the lower atmosphere. To establish the first data set on the depositional fluxes of 210Po in bulk precipitation and concentrations in air samples from the midwestern United States, we measured the depositional fluxes of 210Pb and 210Po in the bulk (wet plus dry) and dry fallout by deploying a rain …

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Comparison Of Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Simulations Of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (Dnapls): Migration And Entrapment Of A Nonuniform Permeability Field, John A. Christ, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola Jan 2005

Comparison Of Two-Dimensional And Three-Dimensional Simulations Of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (Dnapls): Migration And Entrapment Of A Nonuniform Permeability Field, John A. Christ, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The influence of reduced dimensionality (two-dimensional (2-D) versus 3-D) on predictions of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) infiltration and entrapment in statistically homogeneous, nonuniform permeability fields was investigated using the University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator (UTCHEM), a 3-D numerical multiphase simulator. Hysteretic capillary pressure–saturation and relative permeability relationships implemented in UTCHEM were benchmarked against those of another lab-tested simulator, the Michigan-Vertical and Lateral Organic Redistribution (M-VALOR). Simulation of a tetrachloroethene spill in 16 field-scale aquifer realizations generated DNAPL saturation distributions with approximately equivalent distribution metrics in two and three dimensions, with 2-D simulations generally resulting in slightly higher maximum …

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Influence Of Hydraulic Property Correlation On Predicted Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Source Zone Architecture, Mass Recovery And Contaminant Flux, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola, John R. Lang Dec 2004

Influence Of Hydraulic Property Correlation On Predicted Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Source Zone Architecture, Mass Recovery And Contaminant Flux, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola, John R. Lang

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Organic liquid saturation distributions resulting from a simulated tetrachloroethene (PCE) spill were generated with alternative models of spatially varying aquifer properties for a statistically homogeneous, nonuniform sand aquifer. The distributions were analyzed to quantify DNAPL source zone characteristics and then incorporated as initial conditions for simulated PCE recovery using surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). The predicted evolution of the spatial distribution of DNAPL saturations or source zone ‘‘architectures’’ and associated remediation efficiencies are strongly influenced by the spatial correlation of aquifer parameters and multiphase flow constitutive relationships. Model predictions suggest that removal of 60 to 99% of entrapped PCE can reduce …

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Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (Dnapl) Source Zone Characterization: Influence Of Hydraulic Property Correlation On Predictions Of Dnapl Infiltration And Entrapment, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola, Pierre Goovaerts Jan 2004

Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (Dnapl) Source Zone Characterization: Influence Of Hydraulic Property Correlation On Predictions Of Dnapl Infiltration And Entrapment, Lawrence D. Lemke, Linda M. Abriola, Pierre Goovaerts

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The influence of aquifer property correlation on multiphase fluid migration and entrapment was explored through the use of correlated and uncorrelated porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure-saturation (Pc-Sat) parameter fields in a crosssectional numerical multiphase flow model. Data collected from core samples in a nonuniform sandy aquifer were used to generate three-dimensional aquifer parameter fields. Porosity was assumed to be uniform or simulated using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS). Permeability (k) was modeled independently of porosity using SGS as well as simulated geostatistical indicator classes derived from measured grain size distribution curves. Retention characteristics were assigned employing Leverett …

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Depositional Characteristics Of 7Be And 210Pb In Southeastern Michigan, D. Mcneary, M. Baskaran Apr 2003

Depositional Characteristics Of 7Be And 210Pb In Southeastern Michigan, D. Mcneary, M. Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The depositional fluxes in the bulk and dry fallout as well as the concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in aerosols were measured for a period of 17 months at Detroit, Michigan. The bulk depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb varied between 3.11 and 63.0 dpm cm−2 yr−1 (mean of 11.4 dpm cm−2 yr−1) and 0.35 and 10.3 dpm cm−2 yr−1 (mean of 1.41 dpm cm−2 yr−1), respectively, and this variability in the depositional fluxes is attributed to the frequency and amount of precipitation and seasonal variations …

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Comments On “Measurements Of 7Be And 210Pb In Rain, Snow, And Hall”, M. Baskaran Sep 1995

Comments On “Measurements Of 7Be And 210Pb In Rain, Snow, And Hall”, M. Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

No abstract available

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A Search For The Seasonal Variability On The Depositional Fluxes Of 7Be And 210Pb, M. Baskaran Feb 1995

A Search For The Seasonal Variability On The Depositional Fluxes Of 7Be And 210Pb, M. Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Investigations of the atmospheric fallout of 7Be and 210Pb in many places around the globe indicate that there are seasonal variations on the depositional fluxes of these nuclides: high in winter in a few places, while in most places the high occurs in spring. However, these earlier studies did not address quantitatively the corresponding seasonal variations of the amount of precipitation during these periods. Data on the depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb in Galveston, Texas, during the years 1989–1991 indicate that the seasonal variation is not uniform from year to year, and the amount of …

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Atmospheric Depositional Fluxes Of 7Be And 210Pb At Galveston And College Station, Texas, M. Baskaran, Charles H. Coleman, Peter H. Santschi Nov 1993

Atmospheric Depositional Fluxes Of 7Be And 210Pb At Galveston And College Station, Texas, M. Baskaran, Charles H. Coleman, Peter H. Santschi

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The bulk depositional fluxes of 210Pb and 7Be were measured at a coastal (Galveston) and an inland (College Station) station for about 3 years, between 1989 and 1991. The annual depositional fluxes of 7Be and 210Pb at Galveston during this period varied by a factor of about 2.5, between 8.9 and 23.2 disintegrations per minute (dpm) cm−2 yr−1, with a mean of 14.7 dpm cm−2 yr−1 for 7Be, and 0.67 and 1.71 dpm cm−2 yr−1, with a mean of 1.03 dpm cm−2 yr−1 for 210 …

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