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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A. Overview Of The Flathead Lake Seismic Survey, Robert Lankston
A. Overview Of The Flathead Lake Seismic Survey, Robert Lankston
1970 Flathead Lake Seismic Survey
This book contains a summary of the key phases of acquisition and use of the reflection seismic data that were collected in 1970 on Flathead Lake and the evolution of the physical and digital archives of that seismic project.
Evaluating The Sensitivity Of Crustal Deformation To Bedrock Hydrology In A Mountain Watershed, Brett J. Oliver
Evaluating The Sensitivity Of Crustal Deformation To Bedrock Hydrology In A Mountain Watershed, Brett J. Oliver
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
We evaluate the sensitivity of Earth's elastic deformation to groundwater hydraulic diffusivity using coupled groundwater and elastic deformation models. Seasonal changes in terrestrial water storage cause deformation to the Earth’s crust and deeper interior that is within the observational capacity of GPS instruments. We couple finite difference groundwater simulations with geodetic forward models of crustal displacement to investigate the ability of geodetic deformation to constrain bedrock hydrologic properties. We use MODFLOW-2005 to simulate seasonal changes in groundwater flow and storage, and then use the LoadDef elastic deformation model to forward model surface displacement caused by the change in terrestrial water …
Investigating Elastic Deformation Induced By Surface Loads On Planetary Bodies, Ashlesha Khatiwada, Hilary Martens, Donald F. Argus
Investigating Elastic Deformation Induced By Surface Loads On Planetary Bodies, Ashlesha Khatiwada, Hilary Martens, Donald F. Argus
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Planetary bodies, including the Earth, deform when there is a redistribution of surface load. In this thesis, I conduct three independent projects related to surface loading, two of which investigate methods related to the modeling of surface loading and one which seeks to catalog the displacement responses of other planetary bodies to a surface load.
The first project aims to compare four methods for modeling the elastic loading response of the Earth: a homogeneous, non-gravitating, half-space method; a homogeneous, gravitating, spherical method; a homogeneous, non-gravitating spherical method; and a radially stratified gravitating spherical method. Many studies have focused on computing …
1-D Crustal Seismic Velocity Models For West-Central And Western Montana, Courtenay Duzet
1-D Crustal Seismic Velocity Models For West-Central And Western Montana, Courtenay Duzet
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
In seismically active areas with infrequent, large-magnitude earthquakes, high-quality seismic data are critical for determining high-resolution, accurate seismic velocity models. Here, we present a new local-scale seismic velocity model for the crust in west-central Montana as well as a new regional-scale seismic velocity model for the crust and upper mantle across broader western Montana. The new models are constrained by phase arrivals from several passive seismic networks, including the University of Montana Seismic Network (UMSN), the Montana Regional Seismic Network (MRSN), the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), temporary deployments by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the USArray Transportable …
A Comparison Of Predicted And Observed Ocean Tidal Loading Displacements Around The Puget Sound, Tanessa Caitlyn Morris
A Comparison Of Predicted And Observed Ocean Tidal Loading Displacements Around The Puget Sound, Tanessa Caitlyn Morris
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
Around coastlines and in shallow oceans, models of ocean tidal loading (OTL) are not highly accurate and can create sources of error in OTL analysis. OTL is tides moving ocean water that cause the surface of Earth to deform. In this study, forward-modelled predictions of OTL are compared to observations from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to explore the elastic deformation response of Earth to OTL around the Puget Sound. Data from 75 stations were processed to yield position estimates at intervals of 5 minutes for a year. The OTL model used for comparison was the FES2014b ocean-tide model …
Mapping Of Microseismic Aftershock Sequences Following The 2017 Lincoln, Montana M 5.8 Earthquake, Reyer M. Fenoff
Mapping Of Microseismic Aftershock Sequences Following The 2017 Lincoln, Montana M 5.8 Earthquake, Reyer M. Fenoff
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
The Rocky Mountains of western Montana have long been experiencing tectonic compression and extension that has shaped much of western North America. This activity consistently produces seismic events, like the 6 July 2017 M 5.8 earthquake 11 km southeast of Lincoln, MT, which can be used to advance understanding of crust and mantle dynamics and structure. Seismic mapping is vital to understanding structure and tectonic activity in western Montana as well as in analogous locations across the world. Recently deployed seismometers from the University of Montana as well as the Montana Regional Seismic Network (MRSN) from the Montana Bureau of …
Exploring Effects Of Gps Processing On Atmospheric And Hydrologic Pressure-Induced Crustal Responses, Cody T. Norberg
Exploring Effects Of Gps Processing On Atmospheric And Hydrologic Pressure-Induced Crustal Responses, Cody T. Norberg
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
The Earth’s crust is in continuous motion from changes in fluid pressures associated with the redistribution of mass at the surface. These forces, known as surface mass loading, make up a significant amount of signal within GPS time series. This thesis is broken up into two projects exploring atmospheric and hydrologic pressure-induced crustal responses. The first project focuses on effects of GPS processing on corrections of atmospheric loading. We use data from over 1100 GPS stations within the Western US to investigate crustal displacements from atmospheric surface pressure variations. We find that modeling and removing atmospheric mass loading reduces root …
Microseismic Evidence For Bookshelf Faulting In Western Montana, Ellen Mcgough Smith
Microseismic Evidence For Bookshelf Faulting In Western Montana, Ellen Mcgough Smith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
One of the most seismically active regions in the western United States, far from any major plate boundary, is the Intermountain Seismic Belt (ISB). On 6 July 2017, a M5.8 earthquake occurred 11 km southeast of Lincoln, Montana within the ISB. This was the largest earthquake to occur in the state of Montana since the 1959 M7.3 Hebgen Lake earthquake. Data from the University of Montana Seismic Network (UMSN), the Montana Regional Seismic Network (MRSN), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) were used to investigate the aftershock sequences following the M5.8 Lincoln event. We have manually picked P- and …
Probing Earth Deformation In Response To Localized Hydrologic Mass Loading, Susitna River Basin, Alaska, Andrew Parker Keene
Probing Earth Deformation In Response To Localized Hydrologic Mass Loading, Susitna River Basin, Alaska, Andrew Parker Keene
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Surface mass loading contributes a ubiquitous signal to GPS time series that can be modeled and removed for individual sources. We utilize nine GPS stations in the Susitna River watershed, Alaska, to investigate surface displacements from surface mass loading. We find that modeling atmospheric surface pressure and regional hydrologic mass reduces root mean square (RMS) error by 27-39% for all GPS time series. We observe moderate correlation between residual time series pairs and distance, with elevation differences influencing the strength of this correlation. Seasonal horizontal and vertical displacements are observed after removal of all loading models; stations displace downward and …
Kinematic Constraints On Tectonics Of The Northern Basin And Range, Dylan Schmeelk
Kinematic Constraints On Tectonics Of The Northern Basin And Range, Dylan Schmeelk
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
We derive surface velocities relative to North America, using data from 1989 through 2014 in the interior northwest, to investigate kinematics from the Snake River Plain (SRP) to the Canadian border. The Centennial Tectonic Belt (CTB) exhibits similarities to the main Basin and Range Province (BRP) that suggest the CTB is an extension of the BRP, including range and fault orientation, increasing velocity magnitudes westward, and a distinct high rate of strain across the Madison Range. Calculations of fault spreading rates and orientations from geodetic data show that several faults are more active than previously assumed when compared to seismic …
Spatial Scaling Of Crustal And Lithospheric Deformation In The Western United States, Cody W. Bomberger
Spatial Scaling Of Crustal And Lithospheric Deformation In The Western United States, Cody W. Bomberger
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Deformation of continental lithosphere can extend great distances laterally from tectonic plate boundaries. This extent has been used to argue for a variety of constitutive laws for continental materials, based on the underlying principles in continuum mechanics that identify a relationship between characteristic spatial scale and material properties. Although the relationship between observed deformation and material models is always non-unique, quantifying one or more characteristic scales of deformation in a region can rule out some models of how the lithosphere deforms. In the western United States active deformation occurs at the plate boundary between North America and either the Pacific …
Spatial Variability In The Flow Of A Valley Glacier: Deformation Of A Large Array Of Boreholes, Joel T. Harper, Neil Humphrey, W. Tad Pfeffer, Snehalata V. Huzurbazar, David B. Bahr, Brian C. Welch
Spatial Variability In The Flow Of A Valley Glacier: Deformation Of A Large Array Of Boreholes, Joel T. Harper, Neil Humphrey, W. Tad Pfeffer, Snehalata V. Huzurbazar, David B. Bahr, Brian C. Welch
Geosciences Faculty Publications
Measurements of the deformation of a dense array of boreholes in Worthington Glacier, Alaska, show that the glacier moves with generally bed-parallel motion. Strain in the 200 m deep valley glacier is constant near the surface but follows a nonlinear vertical profile below a depth of about 120 m. By a depth of 180 m, the octahedral strain rate reaches 0.35 yr-1. The three-dimensional velocity field shows spatial complexity with significant deviations from plane strain, despite relatively simple valley geometry in the vicinity of the 6 x 106 m3 study volume. No evidence was found for …