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Articles 1 - 30 of 47
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Enhancing Usability Of The Multi-Channel Analysis Of Surface Wave (Masw) Technique For Subsurface Physical Property Mapping By Incorporating Random-Array Seismic Acquisition, Prasanta Malati Yeluru
Enhancing Usability Of The Multi-Channel Analysis Of Surface Wave (Masw) Technique For Subsurface Physical Property Mapping By Incorporating Random-Array Seismic Acquisition, Prasanta Malati Yeluru
Doctoral Dissertations
Subsurface imaging is very critical to exploit subsurface resources, monitor the fluid movement in the reservoir, mapping tunnels etc. As science advances scientists and other researchers are constantly trying to develop new techniques and methods for subsurface imaging that are more effective, efficient, and are more robust under varying field conditions. The main focus of this research is one such effort to improve and increase the usability of the Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave method (MASW) method in determining regolith and rock properties by introducing a new type of receiver arrangement to extend its usage in places that are inaccessible …
Geoelectrical Detection Of Water Table Depth At Two Locations In The Los Osos Groundwater Basin, Hallie A. Douglas
Geoelectrical Detection Of Water Table Depth At Two Locations In The Los Osos Groundwater Basin, Hallie A. Douglas
Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences
The city of Los Osos sits on top of a coastal groundwater aquifer which is the sole supplier of all its residential, agricultural, and industrial water needs. Lacking a sewer system, the upper aquifer became progressively contaminated with nitrates over several decades. Groundwater pumping eventually shifted to the lower aquifer, however seawater intrusion of the lower aquifer caused by over-pumping has further degraded water quality. The Los Osos groundwater basin provides an excellent field region to examine the utility of geophysical methods for characterizing aquifer structure. In this study shallow (<20 >m) electrical resistivity imaging methods were performed at two …20>
Consolidation And Suspension Of Mud From Lake Lery And Relevance To Wetland Restoration In Louisiana, Edward L. Lo
Consolidation And Suspension Of Mud From Lake Lery And Relevance To Wetland Restoration In Louisiana, Edward L. Lo
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Geophysical Investigations Of The Seattle Fault Zone In Western Washington And A Geothermal System At Mount Princeton, Colorado, Andrew Patrick Lamb
Geophysical Investigations Of The Seattle Fault Zone In Western Washington And A Geothermal System At Mount Princeton, Colorado, Andrew Patrick Lamb
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
We use an array of existing and modified geophysical techniques to investigate the active Seattle thrust fault zone in western Washington and a geothermal system at Mt. Princeton Colorado. Through the integration of different geophysical methods, we can extend our observations of the surface geology to beneath the subsurface, thereby giving us a greater understanding of the structures and their kinematic interplay.
We find geophysical evidence through the use of potential field and seismic data for the Seattle fault zone extending further to the west than previously thought. We also find evidence that the Seattle fault zone may be linked …
Integrated Geophysical Exploration Of A Known Geothermal Resource: Neal Hot Springs, Clinton Ryan Colwell
Integrated Geophysical Exploration Of A Known Geothermal Resource: Neal Hot Springs, Clinton Ryan Colwell
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
I present an integrated geophysical characterization of the Neal Hot Springs geothermal system in eastern Oregon. This newly established 23 MW geothermal production site is located in a region of complex geology and intersecting faults associated with two major extensional systems; the Oregon-Idaho Graben and the western Snake River Plain. The intersection of two dominant fault orientations, coupled with a high geothermal gradient from relatively thin continental crust and radioactive decay from a shallow granitic body, produces the pathways and heat needed for deep water circulation at Neal Hot Springs. New geologic mapping, geochemistry, and measurements from several boreholes in …
Lithostratigraphic And Petrophysical Analysis Of The Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale At The Mamont Prospect, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Ty Taylor
All Theses
The organic-rich Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale of the Appalachian basin is a rapidly developing natural gas play. Stratigraphic boundaries of the Marcellus Shale in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania were identified using geophysical logs from 10 vertical gas-producing wells in a 23 sq. km area. Gamma-ray, bulk density, and resistivity well logs were examined to assess hydrocarbon potential. Values of porosity, total organic carbon (TOC), and water saturation (SW) were derived and mapped by incorporating well-log data into Marcellus-specific formulas. Gamma-ray, penetration (minutes per foot drilled), and mud-logging gas (total gas) from 12 horizontal wells from within the study area were also …
Hydrogeological And Thermal Sustainability Of Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers, S. Emad Dehkordi
Hydrogeological And Thermal Sustainability Of Geothermal Borehole Heat Exchangers, S. Emad Dehkordi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Assessment of the current approach taken by guidelines and design methods of vertical closed loop heat exchangers shows that often groundwater flow is either disregarded or is not methodically incorporated. The state of scientific research in this arena reveals that overlooking the groundwater flow in the design procedure may not always be a correct assumption. The significance of advective heat transport compared to conduction is defined by the groundwater flux or Darcy velocity which heavily depends on the hydraulic conductivity of the ground, followed by the hydraulic gradient which has a relatively limited range. A sensitivity analysis on ground and …
Spatial Heterogeneities In A Simple Earthquake Fault Model, Javad Kazemian
Spatial Heterogeneities In A Simple Earthquake Fault Model, Javad Kazemian
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Natural earthquake fault systems are composed of a variety of materials with different spatial configurations a complicated, inhomogeneous fault surface. The associated inhomogeneities with their physical properties can result in a variety of spatial and temporal behaviors. As a result, understanding the dynamics of seismic activity in an inhomogeneous environment is fundamental to the investigation of the earthquakes processes.
This study presents the results from an inhomogeneous earthquake fault model based on the Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) and Rundle-Jackson-Brown (RJB) cellular automata models with long-range interactions that incorporates a fixed percentage of stronger sites, or ‘asperity cells’, into the lattice. These asperity …
Characterization Of Fractures Subjected To Normal And Shear Stress, Min-Kwang Choi
Characterization Of Fractures Subjected To Normal And Shear Stress, Min-Kwang Choi
Open Access Dissertations
Results from a series of laboratory experiments to determine fracture specific stiffness, for a fracture subjected to shear and normal stress, are presented and analyzed. The experimental work focuses on the determination of relations between normal and shear fracture specific stiffness and between spatial distribution of fracture specific stiffness and fluid flow through the fracture
The ratio of shear to normal fracture specific stiffness is experimentally investigated on a fracture subjected to shear as well as normal stress. Synthetic fractures made of gypsum and lucite were prepared with different fracture surface conditions: either well-mated or non-mated. For well-mated fracture surfaces, …
The Formation Of Distal Impact Ejecta, Brandon C. Johnson
The Formation Of Distal Impact Ejecta, Brandon C. Johnson
Open Access Dissertations
Here we present two models for the dynamics of ejection and formation of distal impact ejecta. The first model focuses on the most highly shocked material that forms a massive expanding vapor plume or fireball. In this model molten droplets or spherules condense from the vapor. We model the expanding vapor plume using a one dimensional Lagrangian hydrocode. The condensation of droplets is treated by directly coupling the equations for homogeneous nucleation and growth with our hydrocode. The second model is focused on less energetic material ejected as part of the excavation flow. Using the iSALE hydrocode, we determine the …
Faulty Measurements And Shaky Tools: An Exploration Into Hazus And The Seismic Vulnerabilities Of Portland, Or, Brittany Ann Brannon
Faulty Measurements And Shaky Tools: An Exploration Into Hazus And The Seismic Vulnerabilities Of Portland, Or, Brittany Ann Brannon
Dissertations and Theses
Events or forces of nature with catastrophic consequences, or "natural disasters," have increased in both frequency and force due to climate change and increased urbanization in climate-sensitive areas. To create capacity to face these dangers, an entity must first quantify the threat and translate scientific knowledge on nature into comprehensible estimates of cost and loss. These estimates equip those at risk with knowledge to enact policy, formulate mitigation plans, raise awareness, and promote preparedness in light of potential destruction. Hazards-United States, or Hazus, is one such tool created by the federal government to estimate loss from a variety of threats, …
Stochastic Simulation Of Multiple-Station Ground Motions And Its Applications, Taojun Liu
Stochastic Simulation Of Multiple-Station Ground Motions And Its Applications, Taojun Liu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Approaches to simulate single- and multiple-component multiple-station ground motion records with target spatial coherency and spatial correlation structures are developed for scenario events in this study. To develop the approaches, spatial correlation of the Fourier amplitude spectrum for a random orientation and for two orthogonal directions is assessed, and empirical equations are suggested. Moreover, spatial coherency of ground motions for two orthogonal horizontal directions is estimated using actual records from seven seismic events. Empirical coherency function is suggested for the components of records in two orthogonal horizontal directions at single and multiple recording stations. It was also found that the …
Depth To Bedrock Estimations Using The H/V Spectral Ratio In The San Joaquin Valley, Tyler A. Morelli
Depth To Bedrock Estimations Using The H/V Spectral Ratio In The San Joaquin Valley, Tyler A. Morelli
Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences
Basin depth is a fundamental parameter in many types of geologic studies such as resource exploration and regional tectonic mapping. The Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (“H/V”) method has been successfully applied to estimating of basin depths up to several hundred meters. In this study the H/V method is applied to the deep basins on the western side of the San Joaquin Valley to determine the thickness of the sedimentary layers and depth to bedrock. Microtremor data from Earthscope Seismic Array stations are ideal to test the accuracy of the H/V method on deeper basins because the data is of high-quality and …
A Solution To The Problem Of Interpreting Very Long Time Series Of Ambient Noise As Measured At Very Sparse Networks, Kathryn Teresa Decker
A Solution To The Problem Of Interpreting Very Long Time Series Of Ambient Noise As Measured At Very Sparse Networks, Kathryn Teresa Decker
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Detailed Geologic Studies Of Paleoseismic Features Exposed At Sites In The East Tennessee Seismic Zone: Evidence For Large, Prehistoric Earthquakes, Kathleen Frances Warrell
Detailed Geologic Studies Of Paleoseismic Features Exposed At Sites In The East Tennessee Seismic Zone: Evidence For Large, Prehistoric Earthquakes, Kathleen Frances Warrell
Masters Theses
The East Tennessee seismic zone (ETSZ) is the second most active in the eastern United States, but recorded earthquakes do not exceed Mw [moment magnitude] = 4.6. Earthquake epicenters are located 5-26 kilometers deep in autochthonous basement, and faults producing these earthquakes do not break the surface. Detailed paleoseismic investigations at sites within the ETSZ include: detailed geological mapping, trenching, aerial photograph reconnaissance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), grain-size analysis, and optically stimulated luminescence dating of alluvium.
Site DL-6 near Dandridge, Tennessee, reveals a complex array of features providing evidence that at least 4‒6 Mw > 6 earthquakes affected the area. …
A Geomechanical Study Of The Mississippian Boone Formation, Karen Nicole Mason Buckland
A Geomechanical Study Of The Mississippian Boone Formation, Karen Nicole Mason Buckland
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Boone Formation in northwest Arkansas is a chert-limestone sequence analogous to the subsurface Mississippi Lime reservoir in parts of Oklahoma and Kansas. It has low permeability and produces via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. The response to stimulation by fracturing is dependent on the quantity of chert in the area. Chert nodules and laterally extensive chert layers in the sequence are variable. Locally, cm- to dm-scale chert bedding is continuous and comprises up to 50% of the outcrop. Elsewhere, the chert is nodular and intermittent.
Samples collected from representative outcrops spanning the thickness and aerial extent of the formation …
Characterization Of Heterogeneous Media With Multicomponent Laser Ultrasonics, Thomas E. Blum
Characterization Of Heterogeneous Media With Multicomponent Laser Ultrasonics, Thomas E. Blum
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Wave propagation in scattering media is a complicated topic, but scattered elastic waves carry important information about the internal structure of the medium. It is a current topic of research and for the foreseeable future. Advances in theory and applications described in this manuscript benefit from new ways to collect more densely sampled, multicomponent, true-amplitude data.
Thus far, most fracture characterization experiments in the laboratory involve contacting transducers as elastic wave sources and receivers. Similarly, rock properties such as anisotropy and attenuation are also measured with contacting techniques. These type of measurements are well-suited for time-of-flight measurements, but for scattering …
Pattern Recognition In Earthquake Swarms From The 2009 Eruption Of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, Catherine Jeanne Carlisle
Pattern Recognition In Earthquake Swarms From The 2009 Eruption Of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, Catherine Jeanne Carlisle
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Earthquake swarms at volcanoes are common indicators of unrest and can be used to predict eruptions. However, not all earthquake swarms lead to an eruption but may die off instead. Variabilities in characteristics of swarms can lead to false predictions of an eruption. During the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano in Alaska, there were five earthquake swarms, three of which preceded explosive eruptions and two that did not. These data were used to explore the variable characteristics that may be diagnostic of whether or not an eruption is imminent.
Data were recorded by the Alaska Volcano Observatory throughout the eruption. …
Quantitative Integration Of Multiple Near-Surface Geophysical Techniques For Improved Subsurface Imaging And Reducing Uncertainty In Discrete Anomaly Detection, Megan Estelle Carr
Quantitative Integration Of Multiple Near-Surface Geophysical Techniques For Improved Subsurface Imaging And Reducing Uncertainty In Discrete Anomaly Detection, Megan Estelle Carr
Doctoral Dissertations
Currently there is no systematic quantitative methodology in place for the integration of two or more coincident data sets collected using near-surface geophysical techniques. As the need for this type of methodology increases—particularly in the fields of archaeological prospecting, UXO detection, landmine detection, environmental site characterization/remediation monitoring, and forensics—a detailed and refined approach is necessary. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate quantitative techniques for integrating multi-tool near-surface geophysical data to improve subsurface imaging and reduce uncertainty in discrete anomaly detection. This objective is fulfilled by: (1) correlating multi-tool geophysical data with existing well-characterized “targets”; (2) developing methods for …
Microbially Mediated Carbonate Precipitation Within Microbial Mat In Hyper-Saline Lakes Of The Bahamas, Shane Cone
Microbially Mediated Carbonate Precipitation Within Microbial Mat In Hyper-Saline Lakes Of The Bahamas, Shane Cone
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Quantifying The Relationship Among Ground Penetrating Radar Reflection Amplitudes, Horizontal Sub-Wavelength Bedrock Fracture Geometries, And Fluid Conductivities, Carolyn Morgan Tewksbury-Christle
Quantifying The Relationship Among Ground Penetrating Radar Reflection Amplitudes, Horizontal Sub-Wavelength Bedrock Fracture Geometries, And Fluid Conductivities, Carolyn Morgan Tewksbury-Christle
Masters Theses
Accurate characterization of subsurface fractures is indispensible for contaminant transport and fresh water resource modeling because discharge is cubically related to the fracture aperture; thus, minor errors in aperture estimates may yield major errors in a modeled hydrologic response. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been successfully used to noninvasively estimate fracture aperture for sub-horizontal fractures at outcrop scale, but limits on vertical and horizontal resolution are a concern. Theoretical formulations and field tests have demonstrated increased GPR amplitude response with the addition of a saline tracer in a sub-millimeter fracture; however, robust verification of existing theoretical equations without an accurate …
Geophysical Surveys And Archaeological Insights At Fort Pierre Chouteau A Frontier Trading Post On The Middle Missouri, Margaret Maurine Patton
Geophysical Surveys And Archaeological Insights At Fort Pierre Chouteau A Frontier Trading Post On The Middle Missouri, Margaret Maurine Patton
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fort Pierre Chouteau in present day South Dakota was the most important fur trading post of the American Fur Company in the 1830s, serving as a regional hub for the fur trade. The Fort was sold to the U.S. Military in 1855 for use as a base in the Sioux Wars but was abandoned in 1856. Geophysical surveys and previous excavations indicate evidence of both occupations. Geophysics is an important tool for determining the extent of archaeological sites, yet the relationships between geophysical anomalies and excavation features may not be readily evident. Initial geophysical surveys (Kvamme 2007) were completed to …
Reinterpreting The Stratigraphy Of The Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument Through Correlation By Magnetic Susceptibility And Geochemical Comparison, Lindsay Prothro
Reinterpreting The Stratigraphy Of The Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument Through Correlation By Magnetic Susceptibility And Geochemical Comparison, Lindsay Prothro
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
Validation Of A 'Displacement Tomography' Inversion Method For Modeling Sheet Intrusions, Sarah J. Menassian
Validation Of A 'Displacement Tomography' Inversion Method For Modeling Sheet Intrusions, Sarah J. Menassian
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
The study of volcano deformation data can provide information on magma processes and help assess the potential for future eruptions. In employing inverse deformation modeling on these data, we attempt to characterize the geometry, location and volume/pressure change of a deformation source. Techniques currently used to model sheet intrusions (e.g., dikes and sills) often require significant a priori assumptions about source geometry and can require testing a large number of parameters. Moreover, surface deformations are a non-linear function of the source geometry and location. This requires the use of Monte Carlo inversion techniques which leads to long computation times. Recently, …
Amplitude-Versus-Angle Analysis And Wide-Angle-Inversion Of Crosswell Seismic Data In A Carbonate Reservoir, Mohamed S. Ibrahim
Amplitude-Versus-Angle Analysis And Wide-Angle-Inversion Of Crosswell Seismic Data In A Carbonate Reservoir, Mohamed S. Ibrahim
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Crosswell data set contains a range of angles limited only by the geometry of the source and receiver configuration, the separation of the boreholes and the depth to the target. However, the wide angles reflections present in crosswell imaging result in amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) features not usually observed in surface data. These features include reflections from angles that are near critical and beyond critical for many of the interfaces; some of these reflections are visible only for a small range of angles, presumably near their critical angle.
High-resolution crosswell seismic surveys were conducted over a Silurian (Niagaran) reef at two fields …
On Different Techniques For The Calculation Of Bouguer Gravity Anomalies For Joint Inversion And Model Fusion Of Geophysical Data In The Rio Grande Rift, Azucena Zamora
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Density variations in the Earth result from different material properties, which reflect the tectonic processes attributed to a region. Density variations can be identified through measurable material properties, such as seismic velocities, gravity field, magnetic field, etc. Gravity anomaly inversions are particularly sensitive to density variations but suffer from significant non-uniqueness. However, using inverse models with gravity Bouguer anomalies and other geophysical data, we can determine three dimensional structural and geological properties of the given area. We explore different techniques for the calculation of Bouguer gravity anomalies for their use in joint inversion of multiple geophysical data sets and a …
Predicting Anthropogenic Streambed Shifts In Beckley, West Virginia, Modeled Over 15 Years Using Landsat Tm And Dems, Andrew D. Reinhardt
Predicting Anthropogenic Streambed Shifts In Beckley, West Virginia, Modeled Over 15 Years Using Landsat Tm And Dems, Andrew D. Reinhardt
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Anthropogenic change of streambeds in the Beckley, West Virginia watershed region was modeled using Landsat 5 TM satellite data from 1988 and 2003, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data for 1969 and 2005. Comparing the 15 year land cover changes and the 36 year elevation shifts, and using a modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), in ESRI ArcMap and ERDAS Imagine, a streambed shift model was created. The model predicted land cover and elevation changes for 2018, using inputs from geospatial differencing of 2003 and 1988 land cover as well as 2003 and 1969 DEM data. Further analysis using hydrodynamic …
Callovian (Upper Middle Jurassic) Magnetostratigraphy: A Composite Polarity Pattern From France, Britain And Germany, And Its Correlation To The Pacific Marine Magnetic Anomaly Model, Rachel Anne Gipe
Open Access Theses
Callovian strata from sixteen exposures across western Europe produced a nearly continuous composite geomagnetic polarity reference sequence spanning the latest Bathonian (Clydoniceras discus Zone) through the entire Callovian and into the earliest Oxfordian (Quenstedtoceras mariae zone). This sequence is compiled from multi-section sequences from France and England, a section in southern Germany, and a section on the Isle of Skye (Scotland). These sections are calibrated with ammonite biostratigraphy, brachiopod associations and sequence stratigraphy. Over 400 oriented core samples were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization and filtered according to magnetic behavior; the highest quality suite produced mean paleopoles of 67.3°N, 174.8°E …
Shear-Wave Imaging And Birefringence In A Complex Near-Surface Geological Environment, Ali Z. Almayahi
Shear-Wave Imaging And Birefringence In A Complex Near-Surface Geological Environment, Ali Z. Almayahi
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Multiple geophysical and geological data sets were compiled, reprocessed, and interpreted using state-of-the-art signal processing and modeling algorithms to characterize the complex post-Paleozoic geology that overlies the southwestern projection of the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex (FAFC) in western Kentucky. Specific data included 21.5 km of SH-wave seismic reflection, 1.5 km of P-wave seismic reflection, 2 km of electrical resistivity, vertical seismic profiles, Vp and Vs sonic-suspension logs, and 930 lithologic borehole logs. The resultant model indicates three general northeast–southwest-oriented fault zones pass through the study area as southwestern extensions of parts of the FAFC. These fault zones form two significant …
Seismic Reflection Exploration Of Geothermal Reservoir Atnaval Air Station (Nas) Fallon, Nevada, Alay Ghebremariam Gebregiorgis
Seismic Reflection Exploration Of Geothermal Reservoir Atnaval Air Station (Nas) Fallon, Nevada, Alay Ghebremariam Gebregiorgis
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Primary objective of this study is to increase geologic and tectonic understanding of the geothermal resources at the Naval Air Station (NAS) Fallon, Nevada. The seismic reflection method is employed to study faults, fractures and other tectonic structures in the subsurface in order to identify geothermal drill targets. The efficiency of geothermal systems is strongly dependent on water circulation. Discrete faults may be permeable and provide pathways for water flow depending on the fracture density. It is therefore desirable to detect and map faults and fracture zones and characterize their physical properties when evaluating a geothermal prospect.
The seismic …