Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Tectonostratigraphic Features Of The Belemedi̇k Tectonic Window And Its Surroundings, İsmet Alan, Şenol Şahi̇n, Alican Kop, Bülent Bakirhan, Nevzat Böke

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The study area includes Belemedik and its vicinity located in the eastern part of Ecemiþ Fault Zone which constitutes the boundary between Central and Eastern Taurides.The area generally presents Belemedik Sequence belonging to Aladað Unit, Ophiolithic Melange and ophiolithic rocks belonging to Bozkýr Unit and Tertiary sediments overlying all these units. Within Belemedik Sequence, Late Devonian aged Küçükali, Carboniferous aged Belemedik, Early Permian aged Sarýoluk, Late Permian aged Kýzýlgeriþ and Yellice, EarlyMiddle Triassic aged Katarasý, Middle-Late Triassic aged Sarýyarma, Jurassic-Cretaceous aged Çamlýk and Yavça Formations were differentiated. In the previous studies on the vicinity of Belemedik, it was suggested that …

Some Structural Characteristics Of Azmar Anticline - Ne Iraq, Ibrahim Saad I. Al-Jumaily, Hadeer Ghazi M. Adeeb

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the structural style of Azmar structure, a major anticlinorium within the imbricate partition of Zagros fold-thrust belt in northeastern Iraq. Structural analysis of this anticlinorium demonstrated that it consists of four main NNW-SSE trending anticlines. They are imbricated SW ward through NE dipping reverse faults merge to a deep seated detachment. Furthermore, analysis of minor folds on hinge and limbs of the main Azmar anticline revealed the versatile style of such minor folds and their opposing vergencies. These features emphasize the role of faulting in development of the major fold and the …

Historical Evolution Of The Geological Researches In The Menderes Massif, O. Özcan Dora

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Pan-African basement of Menderes Massif is made up of homogenous paragneiss and schist units (metaclastic sequence) which are intruded by metagabbros and gneisses derived from different types of granites. The basement is unconformably overlain by Early Palaeozoic metaclastic series consisting of quartzite and metaconglomerate at the lowest level. They show a transition into schists, and the Palaeozoic sequence ends with Permo-Carboniferous black marbles of Göktepe formation. Both basement and Palaeozoic sequence are intruded by Early Triassic leucocratic granites which were converted into orthogneisses by Alpine metamorphism. The Mesozoic series of the Menderes Massif begins with Late Triassic meta-sandstone/metaconglomerate intercalation …

Emplacement Characteristics Of The Gneissic Granites In The Menderes Massif (Western Anatolia) And Their Implications On The Tectonic Evolution Of The Massif: New Field Observations And Radiogenic Age Determinations, Burhan Erdoğan, Erhan Akay, Altuğ Hasözbek

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Understanding the ages and emplacement mechanism of the gneissic granites cropping out in large areas of the Menderes Massif has a critical importance in its tectonic evolution. Based on some radiogenic age data, the gneissic granites and the surrounding high-grade micaschists have been advocated to be the Precambrian "Core Succession" that was undergone high-grade metamorphism during the Pan-African Orogenesis. The micascists and marbles of Palaezoic-Mesozoic age have been defined as the "Cover Succession" unconformably overlying the core assemblages. It has also been indicated that during the Alpine Orogenesis and by the Main Menderes Metamorphism the core and cover successions were …

Tavşanli Zone: The Northern Subducted Margin Of The Anatolidetauride Block, Aral I. Okay

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Tavşanlı Zone constitutes the northern margin of the Anatolide-Tauride Block that has undergone high pressure-low temperature metamorphism during the Cretaceous. It is bounded in the north by the İzmir-Ankara suture and in the south by the rocks of the Afyon Zone. The Tavşanlı Zone is subdivided into four tectonic units. At the base there is the Orhaneli Group, which shows a regular stratigraphic succession that has underdone metamorphism at ~24 kbar pressure and 430-500 °C temperature during the Late Cretaceous (~80 Ma). From the base upward the Orhaneli Group consists of micaschist, marble and metabasite-metachertphyllite, and is tectonically overlain …

Polymetamorphic Evolution Of The Pan-African Basement And Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary Cover Series Of The Menderes Massif, Osman Candan, Roland Oberhänsli, O. Özcan Dora, Mete Çeti̇nkaplan, O. Ersin Koralay, Gaëtan Rimmelé, Fukun Chen, Cüneyt Akal

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Menderes Massif exposing in the Western Anatolia substantially presents a complex tectonostratigraphy as a result of Late Alpine compressional tectonism. The lithostratigraphical succession of this crystalline complex can be divided into two units: 1- The Pan-African basement (core series) and 2-Palaeozoic - Early Tertiary metasedimentary rocks (cover series). The Pan-African basement of the Menderes Massif is made up of a Late Neoproterozoic metaclastic sequence consisting of paragneisses and conformably overlying micaschists. This high-grade metaclastic sequence is extensively migmatized and intruded by the syn- to post-PanAfrican gabbros and granitoids. The primary contact relationship between the core and cover series is …

Geology Of The Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt is one of the subunits of the Tauride-Anatolide Terrane extending from the Aegean Sea to the Hınzır Mountains. It includes numerous tectonic slices, formed during the closure of the İzmirAnkara Oceanic branch of the Neotethys. The tectonic slices are mainly derived from three different tectonic settings: i- rocks representing the oceanic lithosphere and subduction- accretion prism of the İzmir-Ankara Ocean (ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges), ii- flysch-type deposits that were formed in foreland-basins on the northern and passive edge of the Tauride-Anatolide platform in front of the southward advancing nappes (olistostromes with olistoliths, sedimentary mélanges), and iii- successions, in …

The Geology And Geochronology Of The Pan-African And Triassic Metagranitoids In The Menderes Massif, Western Anatolia, Turkey, O. Ersin Koralay, Osman Candan, Cüneyt Akal, O. Özcan Dora, Fukun Chen, Muharrem Satir, Roland Oberhänsli

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Menders Massif is a metamorphic complex cropping out on a large region in the Alpine orogenic belt in Western Anatolia. The massif mainly, is made up of a Precambrian basement and the overlying Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary cover series. The basement comprises Late Proterozoic metaclastics composed of paragneiss and high grade micaschists, syn to post tectonical Pan African orthogneisses that have intruded into them, and metagabbros which have partly turned into eclogitic form. Cover series unconformably overlying the basement are divided into two units, in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Early Tertiary ages. The basement and cover series were influenced by an effective Alpine …

Landslide Susceptibility In Tryon State Park, Oregon, Tracy E. Handrich

Anthós

LIDAR and topographic data were used to identify areas of high landslide susceptibility. An arctangent equation was used to calculate slope angle, design criteria of susceptibility and designate zones of high, moderate, and low risk.

Trace Element And Stable Isotope Data From A Flowstone In A Natural Cave Of The Mining District Of Sw Sardinia (Italy): Evidence For Zn²⁺-Induced Aragonite Precipitation In Comparatively Wet Climatic Conditions, Guglielmo Angelo Caddeo, Jo De Waele, Franco Frau, Loren Bruce Railsback

International Journal of Speleology

A speleothem from Crovassa Azzurra, a mine cave in SW Sardinia (Italy), has been analysed for mineralogy, minor and trace elements and stable isotopes. It is composed of layers of primary calcite and aragonite, with a region of secondary calcite. The primary carbonate is strikingly rich in Zn and Pb, presumably as the result of transport in solution from overlying Pb-Zn deposits. Immediately below the transition between calcite and aragonite, concentrations of Zn, Cd and P increase. At the transition between aragonite and Pb-rich aragonite, concentrations of Pb and P increase. Stable isotopes indicate an evolution toward more humid periods …

Stable Isotopic Constraints Of The Turpan Basin In Northwestern China, Allen J. Schaen

Undergraduate Review

Stable isotopic analysis of sedimentary rocks can be used to reconstruct past geologic changes in the elevation and climate of topographic features such as mountain ranges and plateaus. The Tibetan Plateau is an ideal field laboratory for conducting this type of study because of the Plateau’s extreme topographic relief and relatively recent geologic growth. Here we present oxygen and carbon isotope compositions from a suite of sedimentary rock samples taken from the western Turpan Basin in northwestern China. This area of the basin collects sediment from weathering and erosion of the Bogda Shan located to the north. The goal of …

The First Cave Occurrence Of Orpiment (As₂S₃) From The Sulfuric Acid Caves Of Aghia Paraskevi (Kassandra Peninsula, N. Greece), Georgios Lazaridis, Vasilios Melfos, Lambrini Papadopoulou

International Journal of Speleology

Orpiment, tamarugite and pickeringite occur in close association above the surface of thermal water cave pools in the active sulfuric acid caves of Aghia Paraskevi on the Kassandra peninsula, northern Greece. Gypsum also occurs as small interstitial crystals or encrustations. Orpiment is of high significance since it has not previously been reported as a cave mineral. In addition, tamarugite and pickeringite rarely occur in karst caves. Water from a borehole and a spring is of Na-Cl type and contains traces of CO₂ and H₂S. The B/Cl ratios indicate seawater participation with a possible mixing with geothermal water …

Secondary Halite Deposits In The Iranian Salt Karst: General Description And Origin, Michal Filippi, Jiří Bruthans, Lukáš Palatinus, Mohammad Zare, Naser Asadi

International Journal of Speleology

This paper summaries 12 years of documentation of secondary halite deposits in the Iranian salt karst.

A variety of secondary halite deposits was distinguished and classified into several groups, on the basis of the site and mechanism of their origin. Deposits formed: i) via crystallization in/on streams and pools, ii) from dripping, splashing and aerosol water, iii) from evaporation of seepage and capillary water, and iv) other types of deposits. The following examples of halite forms were distinguished in each of the above mentioned group: i) euhedral crystals, floating rafts (raft cones), thin brine surface crusts and films; ii) straw …

Mineralogy Of Iza Cave (Rodnei Mountains, N. Romania), Tudor Tămaş, Ferenc Kristály, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

International Journal of Speleology

The secondary minerals from Iza Cave result from the interactions of karst water and/or cave atmosphere over a variety of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The cave passages expose at various extents Eocene limestones and conglomerates, Oligocene black shales, Upper Precambrian micaschists, marble and dolomitic marble and associated ore deposits.

Twelve secondary minerals identified in the cave (carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, oxides and hydroxides, and silicates) are presented in this study. Calcite, aragonite, gypsum, brushite and hydroxylapatite are the components of common speleothems in the limestone, dolomite and conglomerate areas of the cave. Ankerite crusts are related to areas with pyrite mineralization …

Minerals And Speleothems Of The József-Hegy Cave (Budapest, Hungary), Szabolcs Leél-Őssy, Gyöngyvér Szanyi, Gergely Surányi

International Journal of Speleology

With the discovery of the József-hegy Cave, a cave of hydrothermal origin with an abundance of minerals unknown so far in Hungary came to light. Diversity and the frequency of the occurrence of crystals make this cave similar to the Lechuguilla Cave, even if the dimensions of the mineral precipitations and the passages do not compare in scale. The variety and mass of carbonates and sulphates are surprising. This paper describes the minerals and speleothems of the József-hegy Cave, their occurrence and genesis, including determined ages. The 41 U/Th measurements suggest that speleothems begun to develop in the upper level …