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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Crustal Evolution Of The New England Appalachians: The Rise And Fall Of A Long-Lived Orogenic Plateau, Ian Hillenbrand
Crustal Evolution Of The New England Appalachians: The Rise And Fall Of A Long-Lived Orogenic Plateau, Ian Hillenbrand
Masters Theses
The rise and demise of mountain belts, caused by growth, modification, or removal of the continental lithosphere are fundamental processes that influence almost all Earth systems. Understanding the nature, timing, and significance of active processes in the creation and evolution of modern mountain belts is challenged by a lack of middle crustal and lower crustal exposures. Analogues can be found in ancient orogens, whose deeply eroded roots offer a window into deeper processes, yet this record is complicated by overprinting events and complex deformational histories. Research presented herein constrains the tectonic history of multistage Appalachian Orogen, type locality of the …
Magnetite Mineralization Of The Hammondville Pluton: Poly-Phase Kiruna Type Iocg Magnetite-Apatite Deposits In The Lyon Mountain Granite, Phillip Geer
Masters Theses
Recent mapping of the Eagle Lake Quadrangle, NY, coupled with whole-rock geochemistry and microscopy has offered insight into the petrogenesis of the magnetite-apatite deposits of the Hammondville mining district in the eastern Adirondack Mountains. This study provides insight into the magmatic history of the ca. 1060-1050 Ma Lyon Mountain Granite (Hammondville Pluton) which is intimately related to, and hosts the deposits in this area. Magnetite seams are commonly surrounded by well layered magnetite gneiss, which typically parallel the seams, although in some outcrops appear to be slightly truncated by them. Mineralization is generally concordant with the weak layering found throughout …
Agricultural Irrigation Induced Evaporation In A Temperate Study Area: A Stable Isotope Approach, Lincoln Grevengoed
Agricultural Irrigation Induced Evaporation In A Temperate Study Area: A Stable Isotope Approach, Lincoln Grevengoed
Masters Theses
In regions where groundwater is used for irrigation, significant water losses take place due to evaporation. Previous studies demonstrated the utility of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in estimating evaporative water loss experienced during return flow back to an aquifer. Unlike arid regions where the other studies took place, this study examined the region around Kalamazoo, Michigan, the United States, which experiences a more temperate climate. Irrigation in the Kalamazoo area primarily uses center-pivot systems supplied by wells, unlike flood irrigation in previous study areas. Water samples were taken periodically from wells close to center-pivot irrigation systems. Water losses due …
Electron Microprobe In Situ Monazite Dating Of The Slide Lake Shear Zone, Jeremy Leierzapf
Electron Microprobe In Situ Monazite Dating Of The Slide Lake Shear Zone, Jeremy Leierzapf
Masters Theses
The Colorado mineral belt (CMB) shear zone system records Proterozoic deformation episodes documenting the progressive tectonic accretion of Laurentia. Regional fold formation (D1 & D2) is coeval with the ca. 1700 – 1600 Ma Yavapai and Mazatzal orogenies, while Mesoproterozoic sub-vertical shear zones (D3 & D4) are a response to 1450 – 1300 Ma intracontinental deformation. The Slide Lake shear zone (SLSZ) is a sub-horizontal shear zone located in the Northern Sawatch Range, central Colorado. Aside from its orientation, the SLSZ records similar deformational structures to other shear zones in the CMB, but there …
Carbon Metabolism In Cave Subaerial Biofilms, Victoria E. Frazier
Carbon Metabolism In Cave Subaerial Biofilms, Victoria E. Frazier
Masters Theses
Subaerial biofilms (SABs) grow at the interface between the atmosphere and rock surfaces in terrestrial and subterranean environments around the world. Multi-colored SABs colonizing relatively dry and nutrient-limited cave surfaces are known to contain microbes putatively involved in chemolithoautotrophic processes using inorganic carbon like carbon dioxide (CO2) or methane (CH4). However, the importance of CO2 and CH4 to SAB biomass production has not been quantified, the environmental conditions influencing biomass production and diversity have not been thoroughly evaluated, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions have yet to be determined from epigenic cave SABs. …
Experimental Study Of The Alteration Of Basalt On The Surface Of Venus, Hannah Teffeteller
Experimental Study Of The Alteration Of Basalt On The Surface Of Venus, Hannah Teffeteller
Masters Theses
Venus is the second planet from the sun, distinguished by its thick atmosphere which prevents visible observations of the surface. Our understanding of its surface is therefore dominated by surface interactions with electromagnetic radiation (e.g. radar, visible-to-infrared, and X-ray wavelengths) which have been collected by a series of missions including the Soviet’s Venera missions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Magellan mission, and the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Venus Express orbiter (Barsukov et al. 1982; Head et al. 1992; Smrekar et al. 2010). The atmosphere of Venus is composed almost entirely (~97%) of CO2 gas with trace amounts of …
Plio-Pleistocene Paleoceonography Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica Based On Foraminifera From Iodp Sites U1523, U1522, And U1521, Julia Seidenstein
Plio-Pleistocene Paleoceonography Of The Ross Sea, Antarctica Based On Foraminifera From Iodp Sites U1523, U1522, And U1521, Julia Seidenstein
Masters Theses
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is currently thinning and retreating because shifting oceanic currents are transporting warmer waters to the ice margin, which could lead to a collapse of the ice sheet and global sea level rise. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 374 sailed to the Ross Sea in 2018 to study the history of the WAIS over the last 20 million years. Previous geologic drilling projects into Ross Sea sediments that record the history of the WAIS (DSDP Leg 28, RISP, MSSTS, Cape Roberts Drilling Project, ANDRILL), as well as modeling studies, show considerable variability of ice-sheet …
Seeing Through The Ottawan Overprint, Adirondack Mtns., Ny: Integrating Microstructural Analysis, Geothermobarometry, And In-Situ Monazite Petrochronology, Justin Mistikawy
Seeing Through The Ottawan Overprint, Adirondack Mtns., Ny: Integrating Microstructural Analysis, Geothermobarometry, And In-Situ Monazite Petrochronology, Justin Mistikawy
Masters Theses
Integrating field observation with petrochronology is critical for understanding the tectonometamorphic evolution of the North American Grenville Province. Despite methodological advances in geothermobarometry and geochronology, incorporating these data into larger models of the Adirondack Mountains remains particularly challenging due to the presence of multiple generations of deformation, primarily related to the ca. 1190 – 1140 Ma Shawinigan and ca. 1090 – 1020 Ma Ottawan Orogenies (McLelland et al.,2013). The Rock and Bear Ponds area is a dome of tight-to-isoclinally folded metapelites in structural contact with orthogneiss. Fold generations are orthogonal and partitioned such that the northern area is dominated by …
Threshold Processes And Stream Temperature Distribution In A Small New England Headwater Stream Catchment., Mitchell Isaacson
Threshold Processes And Stream Temperature Distribution In A Small New England Headwater Stream Catchment., Mitchell Isaacson
Masters Theses
Rising air temperature and decreasing stream flow trends are predicted to result in corresponding increases in stream temperatures. As a result, the future of ectothermic stream fishes, which rely on seasonal and spatial distributions of stream temperature for growth and survival, could be in jeopardy. Fortunately, contradicting stream temperature trends in forested headwater catchments suggest that non-climatic variables, such as baseflow indices and catchment geologic structure, may have an important confounding influence on the future of stream temperature. Most significantly, the annual stability of groundwater temperature has long been recognized as an important buffer between air and stream temperature. The …
Field And Numerical Evaluation Of Nitrogen Transport From Septic Systems In Surfical Aquifer Systems To Charlotte Harbor, Florida, Tanten T. Buszka
Field And Numerical Evaluation Of Nitrogen Transport From Septic Systems In Surfical Aquifer Systems To Charlotte Harbor, Florida, Tanten T. Buszka
Masters Theses
Shallow water tables in coastal surficial aquifers limit effective treatment of septic effluent which can result in excess nutrient loading into nearby surface water bodies. Approximately 45,000 septic systems in Charlotte County, Florida transmit effluent into an under studied surficial aquifer and contribute to harmful algal blooms and outbreaks of E. coli. An undeveloped field site was characterized using standard hydrogeologic methods, including a one-year duration natural gradient tracer test, to obtain representative lithology of the sandy surficial aquifer and estimates of groundwater velocity, flow directions, effective porosity and dispersion. These data were used to support the development of a …
Distribution And Variability In Sulfur Isotopes Within Paleoproterozoic Metasedimentary Strata Of The Michigamme Formation, Upper Peninsula, Michigan, Beau J. Haag
Masters Theses
In the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, the Paleoproterozoic Michigamme Formation is composed of a thick package of metasedimentary rocks derived from foreland basin sediments which were deposited during the 1.8Ga Penokean Orogeny. These rocks contain significant, but variable amounts of texturally distinct sulfide minerals such as pyrrhotite and pyrite. We report a systematic relationship between δ34S values from sulfide mineral occurrences, and their stratigraphic locations regardless of texture and mineral composition. We suggest the sulfide minerals within the Michigamme Formation have inherited δ34S values from early sedimentarydiagenetic sulfides, therefore preserving primary isotopic signatures. The observed stratigraphic …
Strain Partitioning Across The Polochic-Motagua Fault System In Guatemala: Insight From Kinematic Modeling, Qiaoqi Sun
Strain Partitioning Across The Polochic-Motagua Fault System In Guatemala: Insight From Kinematic Modeling, Qiaoqi Sun
Masters Theses
”The Polochic-Motagua Fault System in Guatemala is the on-land segment of the sinistral transform plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. Three major seismically active strike-slip faults in this fault system pose significant earthquake threats to surrounding populated cities. The assessment of seismic hazard requires a better understanding of the kinematics of the fault system. GPS monitoring indicates that seventy-five percent of the ~20 mm/yr. plate motion is accommodated by the Motagua Fault and less than twenty-five percent is accommodated by the Polochic Fault. However, the Polochic Fault documents a lateral offset of ~132 ± 5 …
The Role Of Tectonic Inheritance, Plate-Reorganization, And Magma Flare-Ups In The Evolution Of The Sevier Orogeny, J. Daniel Quick
The Role Of Tectonic Inheritance, Plate-Reorganization, And Magma Flare-Ups In The Evolution Of The Sevier Orogeny, J. Daniel Quick
Masters Theses
"The temporal and spatial distribution of strain associated with the Sevier Orogeny in western North America is significantly different in the southern end of the belt, at the latitude of Las Vegas, than further to the north at the latitude of Salt Lake City. Until this study, reasons for these differences were speculative as a lack of thrust kinematic data in the intervening region hindered along strike correlation across the belt. A crystallization age of 100.18 ± 14 0.04 Ma was determined for zircons extracted from a recently recognized ash fall tuff near the base of the synorogenic Iron Springs …
Mineral Compositions Of Meteorite Samples Alha 77005, Nwa 7397, Nwa 5480, And Ausson: Implications For Geodynamic Processes On Their Parent Bodies And Meteorite Reclassification, Kaylin Agnata Tunnell
Mineral Compositions Of Meteorite Samples Alha 77005, Nwa 7397, Nwa 5480, And Ausson: Implications For Geodynamic Processes On Their Parent Bodies And Meteorite Reclassification, Kaylin Agnata Tunnell
Masters Theses
“This study investigates the major, minor, and trace element compositions of minerals from a series of meteorites which represent different stages of planetary evolution including two sample from Mars (ALHA 77005 and NWA 7397), one sample from Vesta (NWA 5480), and one ordinary chondrite (Ausson). The goal of this study is to investigate if petrogenetic tracers commonly employed to understand terrestrial samples can also be applied to extraterrestrial samples. The data presented here show that mineral trace element data allow for novel insight into the magmatic history of meteorite samples. For example, V/Sc and Fe/Mn ratios in olivine provide insight …