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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Morphology Of Lava Flows In Planetary Environments: Predictions From Analog Experiments, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink
The Morphology Of Lava Flows In Planetary Environments: Predictions From Analog Experiments, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The rates of surface cooling and lateral spreading are evaluated for lava flows on the surface of Earth, Venus, Mars, the Moon, and 10. Differences between the flow morphologies expected in these environments are then predicted under the assumption that the results of recent laboratory simulations oflavas using wax extruded beneath cold water (Fink and Griffiths, 1990) can be carried over. These experiments involved the spreading of viscous liquid under gravity in the presence of a solidifying surface crust and revealed a set of four distinct surface morphologies. Transitions from one morphology to the next occurred in a well-defined sequence …
Solidification And Morphology Of Submarine Lavas: A Dependence On Extrusion Rate, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink
Solidification And Morphology Of Submarine Lavas: A Dependence On Extrusion Rate, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
The results of recent laboratory experiments with wax extruded beneath relatively cold water may be extrapolated to predict the surface morphology of submarine lavas as a function of the extrusion rate and melt vIscosity. The experiments with solidifying wax indicated that the surface morphology was controlled by a single parameter, the ratio of the time taken for the surface to solidify, and a time scale for lateral flow. For submarine basalts a solution of the cooling problem (which is dominated by conduction in the lava but convective heat transfer in the water) and estimates of lava viscosities place this parameter …
Textural Constraints On Effusive Silicic Volcanism: Beyond The Permeable Foam Model, Jonathan H. Fink, Steven W. Anderson, Curtis R. Manley
Textural Constraints On Effusive Silicic Volcanism: Beyond The Permeable Foam Model, Jonathan H. Fink, Steven W. Anderson, Curtis R. Manley
Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Transitions between explosive and effusive phases of silicic volcanic eruptions have been related either to stratification of volatiles in the source magma body or to the loss of volatiles through the permeable host rock of the conduit. One way to distinguish between these two models is to map and analyze the vesicular and glassy textures found in silicic lava flows. In this paper we present textural observations and isotopic evidence from active and Recent silicic lava flows which show thaI at least some vesiculation occurs during surface advance of extrusions, after magma has reached the earth's surface. This view is …