Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Morphology Of Lava Flows In Planetary Environments: Predictions From Analog Experiments, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The rates of surface cooling and lateral spreading are evaluated for lava flows on the surface of Earth, Venus, Mars, the Moon, and 10. Differences between the flow morphologies expected in these environments are then predicted under the assumption that the results of recent laboratory simulations oflavas using wax extruded beneath cold water (Fink and Griffiths, 1990) can be carried over. These experiments involved the spreading of viscous liquid under gravity in the presence of a solidifying surface crust and revealed a set of four distinct surface morphologies. Transitions from one morphology to the next occurred in a well-defined sequence …

Solidification And Morphology Of Submarine Lavas: A Dependence On Extrusion Rate, Ross W. Griffiths, Jonathan H. Fink

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The results of recent laboratory experiments with wax extruded beneath relatively cold water may be extrapolated to predict the surface morphology of submarine lavas as a function of the extrusion rate and melt vIscosity. The experiments with solidifying wax indicated that the surface morphology was controlled by a single parameter, the ratio of the time taken for the surface to solidify, and a time scale for lateral flow. For submarine basalts a solution of the cooling problem (which is dominated by conduction in the lava but convective heat transfer in the water) and estimates of lava viscosities place this parameter …

Downhole Logging As A Paeoceanographic Tool On Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138: Interface Between High-Resolution Stratigraphy And Regional Syntheses, Mitchell Lyle, Larry A. Mayer, Nicklas G. Pisias, T. K. Hagelberg, Kathleen A. Dadey, Stephen F. Bloomer, Shipboard Scientific Party

Affiliate Scholarship

On Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138, standard shipboard procedures were modified to allow for the real-time monitoring of several laboratory core-scanning systems that provide centimeter-scale measurements of saturated bulk density, magnetic susceptibility and digital color reflectance. These continuous, high-resolution data sets were used to ensure the proper offset of multiple holes and to splice together complete sedimentary sections. Typically, the spliced, continuous sediment sections were found to be about 10% longer than the section drilled, as measured by the length of the drill string. While the source of this elongation is not yet fully understood, it must be compensated …

Geology Newsletter- 1992, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol.1, No. 17

• Faculty News
• Alumni/ Friends/ Former Faculty Notes
• New Alumni
• Awards and Scholarships
• Geology Development and Scholarship Donations
• Service Staff News
• Grand Canyon Raft Adventure

Use Of Geology And Petrophysics In The Characterization Of St. Peter Sandstone Reservoirs, Rusli Bin Adam

Masters Theses

Core samples and petrophysical data from three reservoir intervals within the Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone in the Michigan basin were utilized to assess the reservoir performance. Each reservoir interval coincides with major sedimentary facies which are in gradational contact with one another vertically and laterally throughout the basin. Reservoirs in the lower portions of the formation (reservoir type 1) are dominated by meso-intercrystalline porosity. This predominantly quartz cemented reservoir rock type is characterized by low porosity with high permeability, moderate pore apertures, and moderate irreducible water saturation. Reservoirs at the top of the formation (reservoir type 3) are dominated …

A Study Of Ground-Water Quality In A Priority Agricultural And Livestock Watershed, Cass County, Michigan, Matthew Alan Stuk

Masters Theses

A study of ground-water contamination in a shallow, sandy, glacial drift aquifer was performed in a watershed dominated by swine feedlots and crop fields in Cass County, Michigan. Monitoring wells were installed and sampled to study the flow pattern, chemistry, and contamination of ground water.

Results of chemical analyses show contamination from fertilizers and other soil-applied chemicals as well as the infiltration of breakdown products from pig waste. Shallow wells in impacted areas show potassium and nitrate from the breakdown of fertilizers, calcium from field application of lime, and additional nitrate from pig waste. Elevated calcium, potassium, and nitrate concentrations …

Channel, A Model Of Channel Erosion By Shear, Scour And Channel Headwall Propagation: Part 1. Model Development, Alex W. Fogle, Billy J. Barfield

KWRRI Research Reports

In the research conducted under this project, models were developed which predict channel erosion resulting from shear in gradually varied flow, shearing forces resulting from submerged jets and hydraulic jumps, and shearing forces resulting from free jets impinging a plunge pool. These models are linked with a runoff routing algorithm to develop the CHANNEL model. This model predicts general channel erosion resulting from time varying gradually varied now as well as predicts the development and propagation of channel headwalls. At this writing, the model still has some problems handling the transition from open channel now to a free jet within …

Gully Evolution In The Upper Delaware River Basin Northeastern Kansas, Iona L. Meyer

Student Work

A small gully network developed across a pasture in the Dissected Till Plain of northeastern Kansas was monitored for one year to assess gully evolution in non-loessial materials. The objectives of this investigation were to identify stable and unstable drainage elements within the gully network; identify zones of net erosion and deposition; estimate the volume of sediment removed or deposited during the monitoring period; determine rates of headcut advancement; determine processes that advance and widen gullies, and to determine the historic development of the gully network.

Portions of the gully network were measured after every rain event exceeding 1.5 cm …

Groundwater-Level Changes In Nebraska, 1991, Gregory V. Steele, Perry B. Wigley

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Ground Water Investigation Of The Petersburg Granite In Chesterfield County, Virginia, Michael W. Bennett

OES Theses and Dissertations

Yields of new water wells in areas underlain by the Petersburg Granite in Chesterfield County, Virginia should improve if procedures for site selection and well construction follow the new guidelines proposed. These guidelines integrate analyses of aerial photo linears and drainage patterns, survey of bedrock joints and shallow geophysical properties and techniques using several statistical methods.

Throughout the study area, fracture traces form in nearly the same orientation as bedrock fractures. The dominant N-S and E-W trending bedrock joints also corresponded to aerial photo linears of similar orientation.

Across one large fracture zone, both gamma-ray and electrical resistivity surveys reveal …

Fluid Inclusion Studies Of The Morefield Pegmatite Amelia County, Virginia, John Richard Smerekanicz

OES Theses and Dissertations

The Morefield Pegmatite is a planar, nearly vertical body situated in Grenville age gneisses and schists in the southeast Piedmont of Virginia. It consists of a mineralogically simple albite-quartz outer zone and a texturally and mineralogically complex inner zone of microcline-topaz-quartz, with trace amounts of rare-element minerals. Fluid inclusions in samples of quartz, topaz, beryl, spessartite and albite that span the length, width and depth of both zones can be classified by chemical composition into two main groups: H₂O-rich solutions and CO₂- H₂O -rich fluids. The H₂O -rich inclusions consist of H …

Risk Estimation And Expert Judgment: The Case Of Yucca Mountain, Kristin Shrader-Frechette

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Professor Shrader-Frechette discusses factors responsible for acute disagreement between the federal government and Nevada citizens over potential Risks at Yucca Mountain and focuses on the use of expert judgment, concluding that some of them appear to exemplify "bad science." That aside, she argues that 1,000 year predictions cannot be made from current knowledge of geology or, e.g., institutional behavior and concludes that permanent disposal of radioactive waste is currently impossible.

Book Review, Peter C. Christensen

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of: MARY R. ENGLISH, SITING LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES: THE PUBLIC POLICY DILEMMA. (Quorum Books 1992) [278 pp.], Appendices, index, introduction, references. LC-91-42774; ISBN 0-89930-560-1. [$49.95 cloth. One Madison Avenue, New York NY 10010.]

Species Of The Cretaceous Tree Fern Tempskya From Utah, William D. Tidwell, Naomi Hebbert

Faculty Publications

Nine species of the permineralized stems of Tempskya were investigated from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain and Burro Canyon Formations, and the lower Upper Cretaceous Dakota Formation in central and southeastern Utah. Tempskya jonesii, T. stichkae, and T. readii are new and are differentiated on the basis of the radial orientation of their dorsiventral stems, their internodal lengths, the lack of sclerenchyma in the inner cortex of T. jonesii, the three nearly continuous zones of sclerenchyma in the inner cortex off T. stichkae, and the completely sclerotic inner cortex of T. readii. Specimens of T. jonesii and T. minor were …

Depositional Environments And Paleoecology Of The Lower Ordovician Pogonip Group, Opd Unit, Arrow Canyon Range, Clark County, Nevada, Jeffrey K. Donovan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Opd Unit of the Pogonip Group is a slope-forming carbonate sequence that crops out in the Arrow Canyon Range 75 miles north of Las Vegas, Nevada. It is composed mainly of grainstones, packstones, and intraformational conglomerates and also contains Calathium-bearing bioherms composed dominantly of wackestones. These rocks were deposited in a shallow-water, high-energy, subtidal, tropical marine environment. Nuia and Nuia-crinoid shoals developed on this shallow ramp and the area was frequently disturbed by storms.

Calathium-dominated carbonate mudmounds emerged on the Nuia and Nuia-crinoid shoals. Although Calathium dominated the mounds on a macroscopic scale, the mounds …

Development Of Membrane Film Fiber Optic Based Sensors For The Remote Monitoring Of The Quality Of Surface And Groundwater, Leonidas G. Bachas

KWRRI Research Reports

The objective of this study was the development of chromo- and fluoroionophores and their subsequent use in sensors capable of surface and groundwater monitoring. Several reagents (modified crown ethers and porphyrins) were synthesized based on principles of chemical recognition and used for metal and pH sensing. The modified crown ether reagents include a chromogenic or fluorogenic group. The selectivity of these reagents is controlled by the size of the crown ether ring and the type of the chromogenic or fluorogenic side-arm. In addition, a fluorogenic crown ether was synthesized that incorporates a fluorogenic side-arm and a perfluorinated carbon chain. The …

Late Proterozoic Rifting Of Laurentia: Source And Deposition Of Conglomerate Units Of The Grandfather Mountain Formation, North Carolina Blue Ridge, Michael J. Neton

Masters Theses

Crustal extension and initiation of rifting of Laurentia during the Late Proterozoic resulted in formation of a northeast-trending system of discontinuous to continuous, half-graben basins situated cratonward of the Iapetus Ocean spreading ridge. Thick accumulations of sandstone, siltstone, bimodal volcanic rocks, conglomerate, diamictite, and minor limestone were deposited largely in response to rifting and relief formation on the basin margins.

The Grandfather Mountain Formation contains five stratigraphically and compositionally distinct conglomerate/diamictite units and one pebbly sandstone unit which cap coarsening-upward, basin-fill sequences. The progradational sequences average 1300 m thick and are composed of a succession of volcanic flows (basalt/rhyolite) and/or …

Depth-Related Variations Of Trace Metal Abundances In South Florida Sediments, Donna Wade Booth

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Variations in trace element abundances with depth in soils and sediments may be due to natural processes or reflect anthropogenic influences. The depth related variations of five major elements (Fe, Si, Al, Ca and Mg), seventeen trace elements (Mn, Cr, Ti, P, Ni, Ba, Sc, Sr, Sb, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, V, Be, Cu and Y) and volatile loss patterns were examined for sediment cores from five sites in South Florida (Lake Okeechobee, SFWMD Water Conservation area 3B, F.I.U., the Everglades and Chekika State Recreation Area). Principal component analysis of the chemical data combined with microscopic examination of the soils …

New Data On The Upper Age Of The Intra-Pontide Ocean From North Of Şarköy (Thrace), Aral I. Okay, İzver Tansel

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The Ni̇ksar-Erbaa And Destek Region, H. Tahsin Akti̇mur, Şerafettin Ateş, M. Emin Yurdakul, M. Ender Teki̇rli̇, Mustafa Keçer

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Lithostratigraphic Units And Tectonics Of The Southwestern Part Of Daday-Devrekani̇ Massive, Western Pontides, Turkey, Durmuş Boztuğ

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Geology, Mineralogy And Genesis Of Yeni̇doğan (Si̇vri̇hi̇sar) Sepiolite Deposit, Mefail Yeni̇yol

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Geology Of The Ulukişla-Çamardi (Ni̇ğde) Basin, Ali Çevi̇kbaş, Önder Öztunali

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

No abstract provided.

Gis Characterization Of Beaver Watershed, H. D. Scott, J. M. Mckimmey

Technical Reports

Beaver Reservoir watershed is located in Northwest Arkansas including portions of Madison, Washington, Benton, Carroll, Franklin and Crawford counties. This watershed is important to the Northwest Arkansas region because it supplies most of the drinking water for the major towns and cities, and several rural water systems. The watershed consists of 308,971 ha with elevations ranging from approximately 341 m to 731 m above mean sea level. It includes the Springfield Plateau and the Boston Mountains provinces within the Ozark Plateau physiographic region. There are approximately 581 km of streams, 532 km of shore line, and 3712 km of roads …

Textural Constraints On Effusive Silicic Volcanism: Beyond The Permeable Foam Model, Jonathan H. Fink, Steven W. Anderson, Curtis R. Manley

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transitions between explosive and effusive phases of silicic volcanic eruptions have been related either to stratification of volatiles in the source magma body or to the loss of volatiles through the permeable host rock of the conduit. One way to distinguish between these two models is to map and analyze the vesicular and glassy textures found in silicic lava flows. In this paper we present textural observations and isotopic evidence from active and Recent silicic lava flows which show thaI at least some vesiculation occurs during surface advance of extrusions, after magma has reached the earth's surface. This view is …

The Holocene Carbonate Eolianites Of North Point And Some Nearby Marine Environments, San Salvador Island, Bahamas: A Field Trip Guide, Brian White, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

See other Smith authored Field Trip Guides of Gerace Research Centre.

Measurement Of The Effects Of Food Preparation Activities On The Microclimate Of The Snowball Dining Room Area Of Mammoth Cave, Kelly Kaletsky

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The stability of Mammoth Cave’s microclimate has never undergone extensive investigation. The Snowball Dining Room area was chosen to measure the microclimate of the cave and to determine if food preparation, human presence and surface temperature variations alter this microclimate. Three portable weather stations containing a temperature / humidity probe, datalogger and microbarograph were placed in various locations along three passageways leading away from the dining room. Readings were taken 24 hours per day for four months. Plotting temperature readings in graph form show a correlation between temperature of the passageway and distance from the dining room.

Ua66/8/3 Annual Report, Wku Geography & Geology

WKU Archives Records

Annual report created by and about WKU Geography & Geology.

Senior Theses: Department Of Physical Sciences, Patrick M. Higgins, Timothy Howard, Leah Carol Ross

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

1992 Senior Theses from the Department of Physical Science at Morehead State University.

The Abundance, Diversity, and Stratigraphy of the Upper Crab Orchard Formation, Lewis County, Kentucky by Patrick M. Higgins.

The Modification of Flemion for Use in a Solid Electrolyte Battery by Timothy Howard.

Simple Analog Computers by Leah Carol Ross.

A Rifted Margin Origin For The Crescent Basalts And Related Rocks In The Northern Coast Range Volcanic Province, Washington And British-Columbia, Randall Scott Babcock, Russ R. Burmester, David C. Engebretson, A. C. Warnock, K. P. Clark

Geology Faculty Publications

The remarkable early to middle Eocene volcanic sequence of the Crescent Formation exposed on the Olympic Peninsula consists predominantly of tholeiitic to minor transitional alkaline basalts with sparse sedimentary interbeds. A composite section measured in the vicinity of the Dosewallips River includes 8.4 km of pillowed to massive submarine basalts overlain by 7.8 km of subaerial flows. An upper limit of about 48 Ma on the age of the Crescent basalts is indicated by faunal assemblages in sediments interbedded with the uppermost flows in the sequence and a circa 50 Ma ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age on a leucogabbro from …