Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Geomechanical Study Of Rock Properties In The Kafr El-Sheikh Formation At Sapphire Field, West Delta Deep Marine, Egypt, Moustafa Mohamed Ahmed Attia, Ali El-Sayed Farag, Mahmoud Y. Zein El-Din

Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science

Numerous challenges were encountered during the drilling operations conducted at the Sapphire oilfield. Instances of stuck pipe, wellbore instability, breakouts, and washouts have been documented in many wells within this field, resulting in unproductive time and additional expenditures. To mitigate these challenges, it is important to conduct a one-dimensional geomechanical model to get a viable resolution. This entails the creation of three primary in situ stress profiles and the assessment of mechanical characteristics of the geological formations. The primary focus of this investigation was to ascertain the mechanical characteristics of the rock. Therefore, this work offers great input while building …

Revolutionizing Ecosystems: Innovative Planting Machines Combating Desertification, Sunghun Park, Jeanne Sumrall

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

An important environmental issue that has a profound effect on human welfare, socioeconomic stability, and global ecosystems is desertification. A little over 12 million hectares of land perish year due to the damaging impacts of desertification, which is made worse by overgrazing, deforestation, and inadequate water management. This not only results in a significant loss of arable land, capable of producing 20 million tons of grain, but also in substantial economic repercussions, with estimated annual losses reaching USD 42 billion (UNCCD, 2020). The enormity of the problem emphasizes how urgently we need practical, long-term solutions to stop and reverse the …

Glacial Resource Analysis – Castner Glacier, Alaska, Logan Erichsen

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Glaciers cover much of the 49th U.S. state of Alaska. While many of these are deep blues, just as many are “rock” glaciers which means the glacier is covered in sediment. This sediment can be transported many miles through the mountain ranges. With the current climate melting these glaciers they are receding. Sediment and rock samples can now be safely collected from different locations where glaciers have released sediment that was locked in the ice for an untold number of years. Much of the USGS data comes from the 1940’s through 1960’s due to the size and remoteness of Alaska. …

Volcanic Ash In Lincoln County, Kansas, Logan Erichsen

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

This report outlines the analysis of Pearlette volcanic ash in Lincoln County Kansas. Both field and lab methods were used to compile this report. Fort Hays State University alumni Dr. Ron Whitmer allowed use of his property on which the ash is found. Auguring was utilized as the main form of field work which allowed mapping of the subsurface ash layer. The ash was analyzed by UMKC using their scanning electron microscope (SEM). At Fort Hays, the SEM reports were compared to thin sections of the ash using plane and cross polarized light in petrographic microscopes. The ash is comprised …

Qualitative Analysis Of Selected Hydrocarbon Produced In Kansas Using Ftir: An Oil-Oil Correlation Study, Oluwaseun Omoyemi, Henry Agbogun, James Titah

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Hydrocarbons have been produced in Kansas since the 1860s, however, the properties and characteristics of the produced oil are still poorly understood.

An oil-oil correlation analysis has been conducted on twelve hydrocarbon samples from three subbasins and from five producing intervals within the State of Kansas. Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) was used to characterize the organic functional groups present within the samples and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to assess the hydrocarbon fractions in the samples. The FTIR spectrum of all the samples exhibit similar peaks implying similar functionally groups were present in all the samples. The TLC …

Dispersion Of Artificial Tracers In Ventilated Caves, Claudio Pastore, Eric Weber, Frédéric Doumenc, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Marc Lütscher

International Journal of Speleology

Artificial CO₂ was used as a tracer along ventilated karst conduits to infer airflow and investigate tracer dispersion. In the karst vadose zone, cave ventilation is an efficient mode of transport for heat, gases and aerosols and thus drives the spatial distribution of airborne particles. Modelling this airborne transport requires geometrical and physical parameters of the conduit system, including the cross-sectional areas, the airflow and average air speed, as well as the longitudinal dispersion coefficient which describes the spreading of a solute. Four gauging tests were carried out in one mine (artificial conduit) and two ventilated caves (natural conduits). …

Subsurface Mapping Of Intra-Arbuckle Shale In North-West Kansas Using Well Log Data, Cole M. Denny

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

The aim of this research was to enhance knowledge of Intra-Arbuckle Shale (IAS) distribution and structure through new maps, cross sections, and well log correlations. Understanding the shale(s) ultimately advances the discernment of complex Arbuckle reservoirs that are critical to the Kansas petroleum industry. IAS has been intercepted by oil wells throughout Kansas, but this study focuses on their presence in portions of Ellis, Rooks, Graham, and Trego counties. To study the distribution and structure of IAS, data from micro-resistivity and gamma ray well logs were collected from more than three hundred Arbuckle oil and gas wells. On each well …

A Micrometeor Impact - Lake Wilson, Kansas?, Kenneth R. Neuhauser

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Much ado about ‘nothing’ was raised when a suspect ‘object’ hit near Lake Wilson, Kansas on August 10, 2006. After a field investigation, a magnetometer survey, thin section analysis, shotgun field tests, and neutron activation analyses (NAA), no 100% conclusive physical evidence exists as to what caused the impact. However, enough NAA chemical evidence was found to suggest a micro-meteor was what created an 18” wide and 12” deep ‘crater’ at the site.

Reverse Pseudo-Gours: A New Sub-Type Of Folia Observed In The Nerja Cave (Se Spain), Cristina Liñán Baena, Concepción Jiménez De Cisneros, Yolanda Del Rosal, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

A new sub-type of folia named “reverse pseudo-gour” has been observed and described in the Nerja Cave, southern Spain. It consists of fairly vertical, thin barriers (about 5 mm high and 2 mm thick) that develop on the underside of a sub-horizontal surface (shelfstone) and grow in the opposite direction to normal gours (rimstone dams), generating sinuous shapes. Their mineral composition is essentially calcium carbonate, although globular aggregates composed of clay and phosphate minerals have also been identified. The genesis and evolution of these reverse pseudo-gours occur just at the air-water interface and are controlled by (1) the sub-horizontality of …

Analyzing The Shark Paleoecology Of Coastal Georgia From The Miocene And Pliocene Epochs, Joshua Lee Clark, Benjamin Angalet

Georgia Journal of Science

The field of shark paleoecology often yields indecisive conclusions based on the limited fossilization of their anatomical structures, with the exception of their teeth. The majority of the Atlantic coast has been studied regarding the presence of certain prehistoric shark species from the Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene epochs. However, information pertaining to the Georgia coast and understanding its potential community structure is relatively understudied. This study was conducted in which thousands of fossil shark specimens and subsequent marine fauna were collected from dredge spoils created by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): Savannah District. A total of 5,127 fossil …

Using Stromatolites To Rethink The Precambrian-Cambrian Pre-Flood/Flood Boundary, Ken P. Coulson

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The 550-meter-thick upper Cambrian (Furongian Epoch) Notch Peak Formation of western Utah has over a dozen horizons of meter- to multiple-meter-thick sequences of stromatolites that have been correlated with similar stromatolitic beds in the Drum Mountains to the north and the Wah Wah mountains to the south, providing a total geographic distribution greater than 2,600 square kilometres. Cambrian stromatolitic beds have also been described from other areas in North America that circumscribe what appears to be the ancient coast of the North American craton associated with Laurentia. A total of 24 different locations span North America starting in Newfoundland, traveling …

Orthocone Cephalopods As Paleocurrent Indicators In The Ordovician Kimmswick Formation Of Northeastern Missouri, Zachary Aaron Klein

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The intent of this project is to map and analyze orientations of large orthocone cephalopods in the Late Ordovician Kimmswick Formation to determine whether they indicate traceable current directions. The Kimmswick Formation is a medium-to-coarsely-grained crystalline limestone which is highly fossiliferous, with bedding varying from massive to cross-bedded, and ranging from 10-30 meters in thickness in the project region. Numerous orthocone cephalopods (of the genera Endoceras and Cameroceras) can be observed within the lower Kimmswick in several locations in Northeastern Missouri, especially near Imperial and Frankford. A total of 21 orientations along a six-kilometer corridor near Imperial have been …

Can Radiocarbon Dating Fit A Biblical Timescale?, Marshall Jordan

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Abstract

The trace amounts of C14 in ancient human bones imply that these people died up to 50 thousand years ago. This assumes that the concentration of C14 in the atmosphere has remained constant at today's concentration. Such ages are incompatible with the record of Genesis which places Noah’s Flood about 4500 years ago, less than one half-life for C14. The trace amounts of C14 in coals buried by the Flood show that the atmospheric concentration of C14 at the time of the Flood was about 1% of today’s concentration. So C14 can be used to date ancient carbon using …

Unresolved Issues In Hypothetical Fish-To-Amphibian Evolution, David Prentice

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This is a poster presentation bringing together multiple problems with the idea that some ancestral fish evolved into some ancestral amphibian.

The Lamarckian idea that "form follows function" has been thoroughly falsified. The only explanation for characteristics of an organism's phenotype is the content of its genotype rather than its need for new features.

The new creatures would have to undergo random mutations in their DNA to produce at least thirteen major changes. They would have to (1) leave the water and come onto land, (2) acquire two radically different types of vertebrae (rhachitomous and lepospondylous); (3) acquire segmented backbones …

Quantum Computing In Creation Geoscience, Mark Mcguire, Kathryn Mcguire

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Quantum computing has great potential in speeding up many problems. Rather than stepping “down” from a classical Newtonian realm into the more complicated quantum realm we use the same processes as the phenomena being researched.

In geoscience, quantum computing has many potential applications. For example, quantum computing can be used for simulations of radiometric dating. By simulating the decomposition of atoms, a better idea of how these decompose can be created. Simulating typical, unaccelerated decomposition would be the first step in this area of research. This can be done by creating a qbit (quantum bit) for each atom and connecting …

Gastropod Evolutionary Phylogeny, Priscilla Doran, Neal A. Doran

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This research seeks to investigate a correlation between the first appearance order date (FAD) and predicted evolutionary phylogeny of gastropods. Using a Spearman Correlation, 17 data sets of gastropods were analyzed, with a no significant correlation found between the first appearance date and predicted evolutionary date for the fossils.

Icr (2013-2023): A Decade Of Advancing The Flood-Ice Age Model, Leo (Jake) Hebert Iii

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

I am proposing a poster that summarizes the last decade of paleoclimate research conducted at the Institute for Creation Research, and the ways this research has strengthened the case for the Flood-Ice Age model. The poster also discusses two research projects that I have started but as yet have not been able to finish. Here is the poster abstract:

In 1990 the Institute for Creation Research published Michael Oard’s monograph An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood, which showed that warm post-Flood oceans and residual post-Flood volcanism provide the necessary conditions for an Ice Age. ICR then published additional …

Physical Evidence For A Post-Flood Lacustrine Depositional Environment For Hopi/Bidahochi Lake, Nate Loper

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Geologists both within and outside the creation community have long proposed a breached dam and lake spillover hypothesis for the formation of Grand Canyon in whole or in part. One major lake system pointed to has been dubbed Hopi Lake or Lake Bidahochi, with supporting evidence found within the Bidahochi Formation. The Bidahochi Formation in eastern Arizona overlies the Chinle Formation in many places and is described as a Miocene-Pliocene lacustrine deposit. As such, several creation geologists assign this to a depositional environment during the post-Flood Ice Age. Yet, there is a small group within the creation community who tend …

Re-Evaluating The Measurements Of Radioactive Decay, Charles A. Wolcott Jr.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Studies investigating the validity of radiometric dating methods have raised many questions with results of methods showing ages of samples well outside the mainstream story line and a prospect of accelerated decay rates during the Flood. However, the measurements of the rates themselves have not been analyzed. This study examines a mathematical analysis of how the half-life of isotopes U-238, K-40, Rb-87, and C-14 have been measured and calls for a closer inspection of the process. The primary tool for measuring the half-life is the Geiger Counter, which only has a 20% efficiency rate, [1] while observation times of individual …

The Regression Of The Flood In Virginia, James C. Rakestraw, Jim Melnick

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The geology, tectonics, and hydraulics of the regression of the Flood formed much of the geomorphology of Virginia. Opportunities to view and study geology and geomorphology are available through visiting parks, traveling on public roads, and viewing geographic information system (GIS) resources.

Virginia is part of the North American Plate. A series of “blocks” of basement rocks within the plate underlie the geomorphological provinces of Virginia. These “blocks” form a series of steps between the Atlantic Ocean Basin and the Blue Ridge. The “Fall Line” found in Virginia is a fault between two blocks of basement rock. The basement rocks …

Geologic Analysis Of Ice Age Simulation Results, Elizabeth G. Sultan, Steven M. Gollmer

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Ice ages are believed to have occurred at least 5 times in the past, with each glacial period lasting tens of thousands of years and interglacial periods lasting up to 400,000 years. It is hypothesized, however, that the Genesis Flood would have provided the conditions necessary to trigger an ice age within a few hundred years, that could account for the glacial deposits we find worldwide. This research project compared the output data from a 360-year ModelE2.1.2 run of an ice age simulation, to the geologic record of the last glacial maximum (LGM). The simulation was inputted with conditions based …

K-Feldspar Sand Grain Rounding In Eolian And Subaqueous Transportation, Elizabeth G. Sultan, Emma Henze

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This project’s aim is to compare the rounding of K-feldspar grains in eolian and subaqueous conditions. It was hypothesized that K-feldspar grains in a subaqueous environment are cushioned enough by surrounding water to prevent the rounding observed in eolian environments. The experiment was conducted by use of eolian and subaqueous simulations originally developed by Calvin Anderson for comparing muscovite flakes in these respective environments. It was expected that an eolian environment will produce rounded grains within a few weeks, and an aqueous environment will take a minimum of months to produce fully rounded grains. The resulting data from this project …

Diverse Assemblage Of Arthropods In Amber From Upper Cretaceous Tarheel Formation Near Goldsboro, North Carolina, Dana J. Goodnight

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

A relatively unexplored Upper Cretaceous (early Campanian) amber-bearing lignite deposit in Goldsboro, North Carolina has yielded a diverse assemblage of arthropods. Preliminary cataloging of approximately 175 biological inclusions obtained from the site include microscopic and macroscopic representatives from two subphyla of arthropoda (Chelicerata and Hexapoda) and at least 9 orders of insects (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, and Archaeognatha). In addition to animal inclusions, the Goldsboro amber often contains abundant plant matter, fungal mycelia, enhydros, and air bubbles. The inclusions depicted by micrographs in this poster presentation have not been formally classified and systematically described. Only an …

The Layered Castile Probably Originated From Salt Magma, Stef J. Heerema, Gert-Jan Van Heugten, Timothy Clarey

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The Castile Formation is situated in the Delaware Basin in New Mexico and Texas on top of thousands of meters of oil-containing sedimentary rock (the Delaware Mountain Group). The up to 550-meter-thick formation is composed of laminae of mostly anhydrite and calcite (Kirkland, 2003) and contains oil itself as well. The overlying Salado Salt Formation covers a wider area, including the Central Basin Platform and the Midland Basin in Texas, with a thickness up to 600 meters.

Evolutionists claim an origin of the 10,000 km³ Castile Formation by evaporation of salty ocean water in a continental basin over 209,000 …

Does The Fossil Record Of Non-Mammalian Synapsid Digits Show An Increasing "Mammal-Ness"?, Emily Anderson, Matthew A. Mclain

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Non-mammalian synapsids (NMS) are a group of extinct amniotes present in the Carboniferous-Cretaceous geologic systems. NMS are recognized by evolutionary scientists as transitional forms between reptile-like animals and mammals, and are thought to increase in mammal-like characteristics as they progress through the fossil record, especially among the six therapsid subtaxa. Given that Scripture is clear that God created many independent kinds of land animals (Genesis 1:20-25), we sought to investigate the currently accepted evidence which is used to support the claim that NMS are transitional forms. In this study we focused on the NMS hands and feet, which have been …

Noah's Arks And Viking Funeral Ships: A Creationist Look At The Biogeographic Patterns Of Tetrapods In The Collisions Of South America/North America And India/Asia, Ryan Frields, Caleb Lepore, Matthew A. Mclain

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

The question of how animals recolonized the earth after the Flood has been of interest to creation scientists for hundreds of years, and this inquiry led to the birth of the field of biogeography. Biogeographers recognize dispersal mechanisms (e.g., rafting) as well as vicariant mechanisms (e.g., continental drift). In biogeography, a continent carrying animals from one place to another is called a “Noah’s Ark.” There are two continents that start the Cenozoic as islands but later collide with other land masses: India with Asia (in the Eocene) and South America with North America (in the Pliocene). The faunal transfer between …

Effects Of Hot Post-Flood Groundwater Flow From The Sea Floor, David M. Winsberg

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This abstract deals with the effects of large amounts (~700 ˣ 10²⁴ Joules) of geothermal heat being slowly transferred across the seafloor for several hundred years. This is enough energy to heat the oceans by 125 °C if it was deposited instantaneously. The mechanism of how this geothermal heat is supplied to the seafloor is a separate topic that is not discussed here.

What makes this different than other “warm ocean” models is that they use a one-time ocean heating event during the Genesis flood. My model uses continuous heating for centuries, while the oceans also simultaneously cool by …

Hypogene Speleogenesis Of Ozark Caves, Jeff Miller

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This abstract is an update on my continuing study of the origin of north American caves. Since it is difficult to fit carbonic acid dissolution speleogenesis into the timescale of the Creation model, and the Flood model can generate the acidic waters needed for hypogene speleogenesis (HGS), I suggest HGS is the primary mechanism of cave formation. To test this hypothesis, I have been visiting commercial caves to determine what percentage of them show HGS features and are thus likely to have been formed by HGS. This paper offers continuing preliminary results of that test, focusing on the caves of …

Groundwater Flow And The Resulting Heat Transfer From The Sea Floor, Immediately After The Genesis Flood, David M. Winsberg

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

This abstract provides a multi-faceted solution method to the “Heat Problem after the Genesis Flood” which is defined as follows:

Most models of CPT require that large amounts of hot crustal material would be spread across the ocean floor during the flood, especially the Atlantic ocean. This would release so much heat as to possibly boil the oceans. Because of this problem, the genesis flood didn’t happen, and thus the bible is wrong and evolution is right.

It is argued that long amounts of time are required to transfer any significant portion of this heat, and it is proposed that …

Do Fossil Data Suggest Greater Animal Longevity In The Pre-Flood World?, Leo Hebert Iii

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

One of the Bible's most ridiculed claims is its assertion that pre-Flood and immediate post-Flood humans experienced lifespans of hundreds of years. Hence, the ability to partially corroborate the Bible's claim in this regard should be of great interest to creation researchers. Paleontologists have within the last two decades become increasingly interested in using growth rings recorded in fossil forms to make inferences about past growth rates, sizes, and lifespans. Examination of these growth rings suggest that some creatures in the pre-Flood world matured quite slowly compared to similar extant forms. Also, multiple studies have shown that slower development and …