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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent Unprecedented Tree-Ring Growth In Bristlecone Pine At The Highest Elevations And Possible Causes, Matthew W. Salzer, Malcolm K. Hughes, Andrew G. Bunn, Kurt F. Kipfmueller
Recent Unprecedented Tree-Ring Growth In Bristlecone Pine At The Highest Elevations And Possible Causes, Matthew W. Salzer, Malcolm K. Hughes, Andrew G. Bunn, Kurt F. Kipfmueller
Andrew G. Bunn
Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) at 3 sites in western North America near the upper elevation limit of tree growth showed ring growth in the second half of the 20th century that was greater than during any other 50-year period in the last 3,700 years. The accelerated growth is suggestive of an environmental change unprecedented in millennia. The high growth is not overestimated because of standardization techniques, and it is unlikely that it is a result of a change in tree growth form or that it is predominantly caused by CO2 fertilization. The growth surge has occurred only in …
Palaeoecology: A Tool To Improve The Management Of Australian Estuaries, Krystyna M. Saunders, Kathryn H. Taffs
Palaeoecology: A Tool To Improve The Management Of Australian Estuaries, Krystyna M. Saunders, Kathryn H. Taffs
Dr Kathryn H Taffs
Addressing environmental problems in estuaries is a worldwide problem. Establishing benchmarks and targets for management is critical, whether the aim is conservation, restoration or ‘sustainable wise use’. Palaeoecological techniques have rapidly improved during the past decade, particularly with advances in methods that allow high resolution quantitative assessments of environmental change, allowing pre-impact conditions, the rate, extent and direction of change, and range of natural variability to be determined. Australian estuarine ecosystems are qualitatively different to the often more well-studied estuaries in North America and Europe, which means site-specific studies of Australian estuaries are needed to inform management. While a potentially …
Dinamica De Los Bosques De La Llanura Aluvial Inundable De La Amazonia Peruana: Efectos De Las Perturbaciones E Implicancias Para Su Manejo Y Conservacion, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Hector Vidaurre
Dinamica De Los Bosques De La Llanura Aluvial Inundable De La Amazonia Peruana: Efectos De Las Perturbaciones E Implicancias Para Su Manejo Y Conservacion, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Hector Vidaurre
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Forest dynamics was studied from 1993 to 1997 for individuals > 10 cm DBH in nine one-hectare permanent sample plots. They were established in natural flood plain forests located on the lower Ucayali river in the Peruvian Amazon. After inventories of three plots in each of three forest types, a light and a heavy felling treatment were applied to each of two plots, while a third plot was kept untreated. Average annual stem mortality and recruitment rates in the untreated plots were among the highest observed in neotropical rain forests: mortality 2.20-3.16 %/year, recruitment 2.99-4.57 %/year. Dead individuals significantly deviated from …
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial En La Amazonía Peruana: I. El Bosque Alto, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Henning Christensen, Luis Freitas, Juan Ruiz
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial En La Amazonía Peruana: I. El Bosque Alto, Gustav Nebel, Lars Peter Kvist, Jerome K. Vanclay, Henning Christensen, Luis Freitas, Juan Ruiz
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Three peruvian flood plain forests adjacent to the Ucayali river were sampled using nine one hectare permanent sample plots in which stems exceeding 10 cm DBH were identified and measured. These plots have been measured 4 times during 1993- 1997, and provide the basis for the results reported here. Three plots were established in each of the three forest types high restinga, low restinga, and tahuampa, characterized in part by and annual inundation of 1, 2 and 4 months per year, respectively. Stem density varies from 446 to 601 per ha, and the basal area ranges between 20-29 m2/ha. A …
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial Inundable De La Amazonía Peruana: Ii. El Sotobosque De La Restinga, Gustav Nebel, Jens Dragsted, Jerome K. Vanclay
Estructura Y Composición Florística Del Bosque De La Llanura Aluvial Inundable De La Amazonía Peruana: Ii. El Sotobosque De La Restinga, Gustav Nebel, Jens Dragsted, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Structure and floristic composition of small trees and shrubs (1.5 m height to 10 cm DBH) are described in two flood plain forests of the lower Ucayali river, Peruvian Amazon. The forests are of high and low restinga type, on an annual average flooded around 1 and 2 months, respectively. The soils are nutrients rich entisolls, and the vegetation forms closed high canopy forests with presence of emergents. A total of 25 permanent sample plots covering 0.64 ha were established. They are nested within six quadratic one-hectare permanent sample plots where large individuals (>= 10 cm DBH) were inventoried. …
Regional Response To A Statewide Renewable Energy Standard: Status And Trends Of Wind Energy Development In West Michigan, Erik Edward Nordman
Regional Response To A Statewide Renewable Energy Standard: Status And Trends Of Wind Energy Development In West Michigan, Erik Edward Nordman
Erik Edward Nordman
This project used integrated assessment to explore and analyze regional response to Michigan’s renewable portfolio standard (RPS). The RPS required electric providers to generate ten-percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2015. Wind was identified as a primary source of renewable energy, and much of the state’s wind resources are concentrated in the West Michigan coastal zone. About 28 percent of the state’s planned wind generation capacity is located in the four-county study area. Local governments vary in their current regulations for siting utility-scale wind farms, as well as in their attitudes toward them. The region has significant offshore …
Responses Of Plants In Polar Regions To Uvb Exposure : A Meta-Analysis, K. K. Newsham, Sharon A. Robinson
Responses Of Plants In Polar Regions To Uvb Exposure : A Meta-Analysis, K. K. Newsham, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
We report a meta-analysis of data from 34 field studies into the effects of UV-B radiation on Arctic and Antarctic bryophytes and angiosperms. The studies measured plant responses to decreases in UV-B radiation under screens, natural fluctuations in UV-B irradiance, or increases in UV-B radiation applied from fluorescent UV lamps. Exposure to UV-B radiation was found to increase the concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds in leaves or thalli by 7% and 25% (expressed on a mass or area basis, respectively). UV-B exposure also reduced aboveground biomass and plant height by 15% and 10%, respectively, and increased DNA damage by 90%. …
Green Buildings: An Asset Manager's Dream Or Nightmare?, Linda Too
Green Buildings: An Asset Manager's Dream Or Nightmare?, Linda Too
Linda Too
The mounting evidence on climate change has thrust the sustainability issue to the forefront of many political agendas. Current research has provided many business cases for sustainable design and construction. While commercial green buildings have been the mainstay, the green phenomenon has also spread to educational facilities. This paper provides a case study of the new Mirvac School of Sustainable Development Building at Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia. With its extensive green features, it is applying to be the first six-star rated green educational building in Australia. To this end, the management of green buildings will be a challenge for …
Gauging The Impact Of Journals, Jerome K. Vanclay
Gauging The Impact Of Journals, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Many stakeholders, including authors, editors, librarians and funding agencies, have an interest in reliable assessments of journal impact, but the provision of this service has long been dominated by a single service, the Journal Impact Factor (JIF; Garfield, 1955) provided by the ISI and Thomson Scientific. Despite several limitations (Hecht et al., 1998; Moed et al., 1999; van Leeuwen et al., 1999; Saha et al., 2003; Dong et al., 2005; Moed, 2005; Dellavalle et al., 2007), the JIF continues to be the dominant indicator of journal performance. Recently, Hirsch’s h-index (Hirsch, 2005; Bornmann and Daniel, 2007) has been suggested as …
Indicator Groups And Faunal Richness, Jerome K. Vanclay
Indicator Groups And Faunal Richness, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Species richness is a popular indicator of ecosystem vitality, but is difficult to assess. Many natural resource managers seek an efficient bioindicator, but the link between candidate indicators and the richness of other taxononic groups remains elusive. A series of faunal surveys in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve in Cameroon suggest that it may be possible to devise faunal bioindicators. The species richness of birds, of butterflies and of termites is significantly correlated with total faunal richness across eight species groups, suggesting that these groups may have potential as bioindicators, alone or in combination. Although expensive, further research is warranted because …
Site Index Equation For Smallholder Plantations Of Gmelina Arborea In Leyte Province, The Philippines, Jerome K. Vanclay, Jack Baynes, Edwin Cedamon
Site Index Equation For Smallholder Plantations Of Gmelina Arborea In Leyte Province, The Philippines, Jerome K. Vanclay, Jack Baynes, Edwin Cedamon
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
The equation SiteIndex = Height × Log(IndexYear+0.5) / Log(Age+0.5) is suggested as a robust way to classify site index of small private Gmelina arborea plantations in Leyte province in the Philippines. Estimates of site index from this equation correlate well with other indicators of site productivity, including the observed mean annual volume increment and soil depth. An alternative equation based on slope and soil depth offers an indication of potential site productivity on unforested sites where no crop trees are present.
Managing Water Use From Forest Plantations, Jerome K. Vanclay
Managing Water Use From Forest Plantations, Jerome K. Vanclay
Professor Jerome K Vanclay
Tree plantations have developed a reputation for excessive water use, with age commonly used as an explanatory variable to predict water loss – but many factors have the potential to affect plantation water use, and few of these alternatives have been considered. Changes in forest cover may be correlated with other environmental changes that may affect precipitation, transpiration, and runoff, indicating that more thorough investigation is required in both field and simulation studies. Several factors influencing water use by plantations are amenable to management control, so there is scope to design and manage forest plantations deliberately for water use efficiency. …
Drinking Water Optimum Supply System (Dwoss) Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr
Drinking Water Optimum Supply System (Dwoss) Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr
Praveen Jha Dr
Paradigm shift in the approach for planning regarding supply of drinking water is mandatory since the current DPRs are unscientific and expensive. Planning for an optimum Drinking Water Supply System (ODWSS) that includes - optimization of Water Source Point (WSP), Water Treatment System (WTS), Water Storage Systems (WSSs), Water Distribution Points (WDP) and Water Supply Network (WSN); scientific estimation of long term demand of drinking water; minimization of physical and financial resources required for the plan implementation; water conservation and sanitation – could be done by applying several state-of-art geo-spatial programs developed by the author. Three programs - Multi-Algorithm Automation …
Law And Policy Options For Strategic Environmental Assessment In Canada, Hugh Benevides, Denis Kirchhoff, Meinhard Doelle, Robert Gibson
Law And Policy Options For Strategic Environmental Assessment In Canada, Hugh Benevides, Denis Kirchhoff, Meinhard Doelle, Robert Gibson
Denis Kirchhoff
This research paper has been produced for the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency on behalf of the sub-committee on Strategic Environmental Assessment (the SEA sub-committee) which is in turn mandated by the Minister of the Environment’s Regulatory Advisory Committee (RAC). The immediate need for the report is a request from RAC to the SEA sub-committee to research and report on law and policy options for improving the conduct of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Canada, with a focus on the federal level. The purpose of the paper is to provide an impartial, research-based assessment of the best approaches to designing and …
Costs Of Pelleting To Enhance The Logistics Of Distillers Grains Shipping, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Elif Kongar
Costs Of Pelleting To Enhance The Logistics Of Distillers Grains Shipping, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Elif Kongar
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Biofuels, especially corn-based ethanol, can help meet some of the increasing demand for transportation fuels. Currently, the most heavily utilized substrate is corn grain, which is readily converted into ethanol at a relatively low cost compared to other biomass sources. The production of ethanol in the U.S. has been dramatically increasing during the last several years; so too has the quantity of manufacturing coproducts. These nonfermentable residues are most often dried and sold as distillers dried grains with solubles – DDGS. Even though these materials are used to feed livestock in local markets, as the size of the industry continues …
Novel Catalytic Process For Flue Gas Conditioning In Electrostatic Precipitators Of Coal-Fired Power Plants, Andrey N. Zagoruiko, Bair S. Balzhinimaev, Sergey V. Vanag, Sergey A. Lopatin, Alexander M. Zykov, Sergey N. Anichkov, Nick D. Hutson
Novel Catalytic Process For Flue Gas Conditioning In Electrostatic Precipitators Of Coal-Fired Power Plants, Andrey N. Zagoruiko, Bair S. Balzhinimaev, Sergey V. Vanag, Sergey A. Lopatin, Alexander M. Zykov, Sergey N. Anichkov, Nick D. Hutson
Andrey N Zagoruiko
The presentation is devoted to the development of the new catalytic process for oxidation of SO2 to SO3 on the base of the novel Pt-containing catalyst with Zr-Si fiber-glass support. It was demonstrated that such catalyst reveals excellent low-temperature activity and unique long-term operation stability. The process may be applied for production of SO3 for conditioning of flue gases from coal-fired powerplants.
New Generation Of Catalytic Technologies For Environmental Protection On The Base Of Fiber-Glass Catalysts, Bair S. Balzhinimaev, Andrey N. Zagoruiko
New Generation Of Catalytic Technologies For Environmental Protection On The Base Of Fiber-Glass Catalysts, Bair S. Balzhinimaev, Andrey N. Zagoruiko
Andrey N Zagoruiko
Novel glass-fiber based catalysts containing extra-low amounts of noble metals (0.01-0.02% mass of Pt or Pd) demonstrate unique performance in many catalytic reactions, resulted from the ability of the glass fibers to stabilize the transient metals in the glass bulk in a highly-dispersed form. Moreover, specific heat/mass transfer properties, original geometry, high flexibility and high mechanical strength of such catalysts give the way to develop really new catalytic processes and novel reactor designs. The paper is dedicated to the successful research and development (from fundamental research issues to pilot and semi-industrial tests) of different catalytic oxidation processes based on application …
Partnerships For Community Building And Governance In Master Planned Communities: A Study Of Varsity Lakes At Gold Coast, Bhishna Bajracharya, George Earl, Shahed Khan
Partnerships For Community Building And Governance In Master Planned Communities: A Study Of Varsity Lakes At Gold Coast, Bhishna Bajracharya, George Earl, Shahed Khan
Bhishna Bajracharya
The development and management of master planned communities (MPCs) involve achieving the twin goals of building a sense of community and creating a distinctive place identity. The roles of private, public and community sectors in realising these goals of MPCs have been evolving over time with the increasing role of developers in provision of services with the local government playing a regulatory/facilitative role and community calling for greater engagement and local control. The major objective of the paper is to critically examine the nature and outcomes of collaboration between developers, local/state governments and existing/emerging community groups in the development of …
Reconstructing Fire Histories: Methods, Interpretation And Common On-Ground Across Fire History Research In Australia, Jeffrey Parr, Geoffrey Kerr, J Arthur, Keith Bolton, Geraldine Jacobsen, Kathryn Taffs
Reconstructing Fire Histories: Methods, Interpretation And Common On-Ground Across Fire History Research In Australia, Jeffrey Parr, Geoffrey Kerr, J Arthur, Keith Bolton, Geraldine Jacobsen, Kathryn Taffs
Jeffrey Parr
No abstract provided.
The Southeastern Coastal Plain: An Overview, Lee J. Florea, H L. Vacher
The Southeastern Coastal Plain: An Overview, Lee J. Florea, H L. Vacher
Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.
Florida enjoys the highest density of large springs in North America (Scott et al., 2004); Silver Springs is just one of the 33 first-magnitude springs (mean flow greater than 100 cfs (2.8 m3/s), and there are hundreds of smaller springs (Fig. 6.2; see Meinzer, 1927, and Scott et al., 2004). They are supplied by spectacular underwater caves that are internationally recognized in the cave-diving community. Less well known are the many air-filled caves of the region (see Florea, 2006; Moore, 2006; Lane 1986). Though generally smaller than their aquatic counterparts, their beauty can rival the world’s best show caves. This …
The Cumberland Plateau Of Eastern Kentucky, Larry C. Simpson, Lee J. Florea
The Cumberland Plateau Of Eastern Kentucky, Larry C. Simpson, Lee J. Florea
Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.
Eastern Kentucky contains almost the same Mississippian limestones that appear at Mammoth Cave in south-central Kentucky (Chapter 3). To the east these strata dip below the Appalachian Basin and reappear as the Greenbrier Group in the Virginias. The limestone outcrop in eastern Kentucky follows the western margin of the Cumberland Plateau and forms a ragged ribbon of karst that is continuous from southeastern Ohio through Kentucky and Tennessee and into northern Alabama. There are more than 2,000 documented caves comprising over 470 km of surveyed passage in the Kentucky segment of the Cumberland Plateau (Fig. 2.115). At least 14 are …
Caves And Karst Of West-Central Florida, Lee J. Florea, David Budd, Robert Brinkmann
Caves And Karst Of West-Central Florida, Lee J. Florea, David Budd, Robert Brinkmann
Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.
The real west-central Florida is far from the “Sunshine State” image of white sand beaches and palm trees. Gently rolling hills, dense jungle-like forests, pine and palmetto scrublands, impenetrable cypress swamps, and alligator-laden rivers are more common. Numerous crystal-clear springs offer a glimpse of the hidden world below – a world that could challenge the most imaginative Disney artists (Fig. 6.17).
Survey Of Us Fuel Ethanol Plants, Jessica A. Saunders, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Survey Of Us Fuel Ethanol Plants, Jessica A. Saunders, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
The ethanol industry is growing in response to increased consumer demands for fuel as well as the renewable fuel standard. Corn ethanol processing creates the following products: 1/3 ethanol, 1/3 distillers grains, and 1/3 carbon dioxide. As the production of ethanol increases so does the generation of its coproducts, and viable uses continually need to be developed. A survey was mailed to operational US ethanol plants to determine current practices. It inquired about processes, equipment used, end products, and desired future directions for coproducts. Results indicated that approximately one-third of plant managers surveyed expressed a willingness to alter current drying …
The Biscayne Aquifer Of Southeastern Florida, Kevin Cunningham, Lee J. Florea
The Biscayne Aquifer Of Southeastern Florida, Kevin Cunningham, Lee J. Florea
Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.
In southeastern Florida, locally delineated, small, poorly explored caves and subtle karst are characteristic of the limestone that composes the unconfined Biscayne aquifer – one of the most permeable aquifers in the world. The main units of the Biscayne aquifer are the Fort Thompson Formation and Miami Limestone, both characterized by eogenetic karst.
Incorporating Fairness Motives Into The Impulse Balance Equilibrium And Quantal Response Equilibrium Concepts: An Application To 2x2 Games, Alessandro Tavoni
Incorporating Fairness Motives Into The Impulse Balance Equilibrium And Quantal Response Equilibrium Concepts: An Application To 2x2 Games, Alessandro Tavoni
Alessandro Tavoni
Substantial evidence has accumulated in recent empirical works on the limited ability of the Nash equilibrium to rationalize observed behavior in many classes of games played by experimental subjects. This realization has led to several attempts aimed at finding tractable equilibrium concepts which perform better empirically; one such example is the impulse balance equilibrium (Selten, Chmura, 2008), which introduces a psychological reference point to which players compare the available payoff allocations. This paper is concerned with advancing two new, empirically sound, concepts: equity-driven impulse balance equilibrium (EIBE) and equity-driven quantal response equilibrium (EQRE): both introduce a distributive reference point to …
Proceedings Of The Scientific Conference On Energy And It At Alvsjo Fair, Stockholm March 11-12, 2009 In Connection With The “Energitinget 2009, Dr. Erik Dahlquist, Dr. Jenny Palm
Proceedings Of The Scientific Conference On Energy And It At Alvsjo Fair, Stockholm March 11-12, 2009 In Connection With The “Energitinget 2009, Dr. Erik Dahlquist, Dr. Jenny Palm
Dr. Erik Dahlquist
This book contains the proceedings from the Energy and IT conference at Alvsjo Energy conference "Energitinget" arranged by Swedish Energy Agency, with approximately 2500 visitors. The papers contain both technical and social science papers, relating to both energy efficiency in buildings and in industry.
New Observations Of Gas-Phase Expansion Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool, Kevin G. Mumford, James E. Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
New Observations Of Gas-Phase Expansion Above A Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Pool, Kevin G. Mumford, James E. Smith, Sarah E. Dickson
Sarah E Dickson
The partitioning of volatile dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) compounds to a discontinuous gas phase results in the repeated expansion, fragmentation, and vertical mobilization of gas clusters. This process has the potential to significantly affect the dissolution of DNAPL source zones and the characterization of DNAPL-contaminated sites, but has not been included in common conceptual models. This study presents new observations of discontinuous gas-phase growth above a 1,1,1-trichloroethane pool in a two-dimensional flow cell packed with 1.1-mm diameter sand. In contrast to the behavior observed in coarse glass beads, these visualization results show that the gas phase evolves as a …
Natural Hazards Education In Australian Schools: How Can We Make It More Effective?, Neil Dufty
Natural Hazards Education In Australian Schools: How Can We Make It More Effective?, Neil Dufty
Neil Dufty
No abstract provided.
A Data Envelopment Analysis Model For Renewable Energy Technology Selection, Elif Kongar, Kurt A. Rosentrater
A Data Envelopment Analysis Model For Renewable Energy Technology Selection, Elif Kongar, Kurt A. Rosentrater
Kurt A. Rosentrater
Public and media interest in alternative energy sources, such as renewable fuels, has rapidly increased in recent years due to higher prices for oil and natural gas. However, the current body of research providing comparative decision making models that either rank these alternative energy sources and/or determine the best possible alternatives is still limited. This paper aims at filling this gap by proposing a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model structure for ranking energy source alternatives under varying circumstances. The model considers both the economics of energy sources and additional environmental criteria such as CO2 emissions and damage cost. Numerical examples …
Uncontrolled Combustion Of Household Wastes And Vegetation Remains In A Rural Community – Questionnaire Results, Robert Oleniacz, Anna Tomkowicz
Uncontrolled Combustion Of Household Wastes And Vegetation Remains In A Rural Community – Questionnaire Results, Robert Oleniacz, Anna Tomkowicz
Robert Oleniacz
Uncontrolled combustion of household wastes and vegetation remains makes a serious problem referring to the emission of many substances polluting atmosphere, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Combustion of post-use wastes or garbage and burning grasses are also seen as one of the causes of air pollution in larger and larger number of communities in Poland. The awareness of the Polish society referring to this problem and related appearance of different air pollutants, including dioxins and furans, has still been low. It was studied in one of Polish rural communities, based on the results of the questionnaires. In the questionnaire studies …