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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity And Community Composition In Riverine Freshwater Rock Pools, Chtaura Jackson
Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity And Community Composition In Riverine Freshwater Rock Pools, Chtaura Jackson
Theses and Dissertations
I examined a system of 378-riverine rock pools situated along the James River in Richmond, Virginia, to uncover the factors influencing their macroinvertebrate diversity and community composition. I characterized (total = 60) the physical characteristics, water quality, hydrology, and community assemblages in July 2009 for a subset of pools. I examined whether selected environmental factors (pH, nearest neighbor distance, depth, surface area and inundation height) were related to macroinvertebrate diversity and community composition. Species richness and total abundance of all taxa increased with pool pH and surface area. Ordination indicates that nearest neighbor distance (NND) and pH varied significantly among …
Characterization Of Watersheds On Fort Benning Military Reservation: Comparison Of Field Data To Watershed Parameters, Melinda Rosetta Stahl
Characterization Of Watersheds On Fort Benning Military Reservation: Comparison Of Field Data To Watershed Parameters, Melinda Rosetta Stahl
Theses and Dissertations
Sixteen watersheds located on Fort Benning Military Installation in Georgia were analyzed using both physically collected data and computer modeling data. Physical data collected included total suspended solids (TSS) and grain size analysis using the Wolman Pebble Count method. Computer modeling analyzed the watersheds using ArcGIS 9.3 for comparison to physical data. Land use, slope, and soil data were used in a modified revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to create a soil erodibility index map. Wolman Pebble Count data showed that in half of the watersheds, 84% of the sampled grains were less than half a millimeter in size. …
Tracking Floral Visitation Using Dna Barcodes, Ivan Ray Shoemaker
Tracking Floral Visitation Using Dna Barcodes, Ivan Ray Shoemaker
Theses and Dissertations
Floral visitation resulting in interspecific pollen transfer (IPT) from non-native or invasive plant species can affect the reproductive fitness of native plant species through pollen allelopathy, stigma clogging, stylar clogging, and ovule (seed) discounting. The prevalence of IPT and the importance of pollinators in mediating its impacts, however, remain poorly understood. Although most traditional methods for examining visitor movement are insufficient for determining rates of potential IPT, one promising alternative is the use of DNA barcoding. Because floral visitors eat, collect or unknowingly obtain pollen, nectar and other floral tissues, plant DNA should be recoverable from their bodies, permitting molecular …
Phytoremediation Of Copper Contaminated Waste Water Using Lemna Minor, Mark Apelt
Phytoremediation Of Copper Contaminated Waste Water Using Lemna Minor, Mark Apelt
Theses and Dissertations
The use of natural remediation methods to remove contaminants from waste water is becoming more popular. Plants have been used for several decades, yet their use for municipal waste water contaminated by heavy metals is limited to a few studies which focus on the Mercury and Chromium (Bennicelli, et.al, 2004). This study specifically attempted to determine the viability for using Lemna minor to remediate municipally generated wastewater contaminated with copper. The study used 100 ml samples of wastewater, artificially spiked with 8 mg/L of copper sulfate and seeded with approximately 100 Lemna minor fronds. Each treatment was repeated 15 times …
Patterns In Fish Community Structure In A Regulated River, Richard Davis
Patterns In Fish Community Structure In A Regulated River, Richard Davis
Theses and Dissertations
I examined the abundance, composition, and distribution of fish communities in the lower Roanoke River, a hydropeaking system in North Carolina. Fishes were sampled at before and after peaking events over three years; 2007 to 2009. I evaluated trends in species richness, diversity, and assemblage composition. There were no significant differences in either richness or diversity suggesting consistent trends in richness and diversity throughout the study. I used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to create a community composition model. Fish composition was noticeably greater post-peaking and changed minimally across time and event. There were no statistically significant differences in species composition …
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Evaluation Of Alternative Technologies To Supply Drinking Water To Marines In Forward Deployed Locations, Derek R. George
Theses and Dissertations
With recent increases, there are approximately 20,000 Marines deployed in the Helmand Province of Afghanistan. The cost of delivering bottled water to the troops is rapidly becoming unsustainable and convoys delivering bottled water are vulnerable to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Currently, raw water from indigenous sources, which has chemical and microbiological contaminants, is treated with reverse osmosis (RO), but only used for hygiene, with bottled water used for drinking. Due to the economic costs and risks to life of providing bottled water, decision-makers need to evaluate technology alternatives to treat raw water to supply safe drinking water. In this study, …
Assessing Resilience In Power Grids As A Particular Case Of Supply Chain Management, Gabriel Alejandro Montoya
Assessing Resilience In Power Grids As A Particular Case Of Supply Chain Management, Gabriel Alejandro Montoya
Theses and Dissertations
Electrical power grids represent a critical infrastructure for a nation as well as strategically important. Literature review identified that power grids share basic characteristics with Supply Chain Management. This thesis presents a linear programming model to assess power grid resilience as a particular case of Supply Chain Management. Since resilient behavior is not an individual or specific system's attribute but a holistic phenomenon based on the synergic interaction within complex systems, resilience drivers in power grids were identified. Resilience is a function of Reliability, Recovery Capability, Vulnerability and Pipeline Capacity. In order to embed heterogeneous variables into the model, parameterization …
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal-Biomass To Liquid Jet Fuel Compared To Petroleum-Derived Jp-8 Jet Fuel, Wayne C. Kinsel
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal-Biomass To Liquid Jet Fuel Compared To Petroleum-Derived Jp-8 Jet Fuel, Wayne C. Kinsel
Theses and Dissertations
The United States (U.S.) imported 57% of the petroleum products that it consumed in 2008. The Department of Defense (DOD) and in particular, the United States Air Force (USAF), consumes a large amount of oil to support the mission of defending the U.S. According to the USAF energy policy, by 2016, the Air Force (AF) must be prepared to cost competitively acquire 50% of its domestic aviation fuel requirement via an alternative fuel blend in which the alternative component is derived from domestic sources produced in a manner that is “greener” than fuels produced from conventional petroleum. This study employed …
Fuel Savings Opportunities From Air Refueling, Murat Toydas
Fuel Savings Opportunities From Air Refueling, Murat Toydas
Theses and Dissertations
Fuel is a critical strategic asset for military aviation operations, yet is increasingly expensive. Air refueling offers both the opportunity to extend aircraft range and the potential to save fuel by enabling a transport aircraft to depart with less fuel in exchange for additional cargo. We evaluate the practicality of air refueling in terms of fuel savings versus distance and cargo quantity, by introducing two non-linear optimization models that examine the tradeoff between departure fuel weight and loaded cargo for given origin, destination, and tanker base positions and freight quantities to be moved. We use various numerical example scenarios to …
An Evaluation Of Compressed Work Schedules And Their Impact On Electricity Use, Ryan R. Archambault-Miliner
An Evaluation Of Compressed Work Schedules And Their Impact On Electricity Use, Ryan R. Archambault-Miliner
Theses and Dissertations
As the largest energy consumer in the United States, the Department of Defense must consider all fiscally responsible means to improve energy efficiency. Budgetary and environmental concerns are a catalyst for numerous initiatives designed to reduce energy consumption. Congressional mandates outline the rate at which agencies must reduce facility energy use. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used to compare electricity consumption, cost, and emissions produced under 5-day workweeks and compressed work schedules. The research provides energy managers a template for evaluating compressed work schedules as a means to improve energy efficiency. The study found the relationship between the …
Assessing The Economic And Environmental Impacts Associated With Current Street Lighting Technologies, Carlos J. Colon Jr.
Assessing The Economic And Environmental Impacts Associated With Current Street Lighting Technologies, Carlos J. Colon Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
Rising global energy demand and natural disasters continuously threaten energy supplies and prices. As a result, the U.S. government has mandated all government agencies to reduce energy consumption in order to minimize dependence on foreign energy supply and reduce costs. Concern over carbon emissions and environmental impacts has also been expressed in these mandates. One solution may be to invest in newer lighting technologies, such as light-emitting diode (LED) and electrodeless induction, in order to reduce the energy consumption, environmental impact, and costs required for both exterior roadway and parking lot lighting applications. This research compared these lighting technologies with …
Security Vulnerability Trends Related To Electric Power Supplied At Military Installations, Peter A. Sabatowski
Security Vulnerability Trends Related To Electric Power Supplied At Military Installations, Peter A. Sabatowski
Theses and Dissertations
The United States (U.S.) electric grid is considered one of the greatest inventions of the twentieth century, yet it become apparent over the past few decades that it is not without its own set of problems. The deregulation of the U.S. electric system in the late 1990s eliminated monopolies and resulted in the nation's generation, transmission, and distribution systems becoming separate entities owned and operated by multiple companies. This created a market economy in which many electric companies failed to plan for the future, did not invest in maintenance and upgrades, and began to push the aggregate system to its …
Economic Feasibility Of Installing An Anaerobic Digester On A Department Of Defense Installation, Russell A. Strange
Economic Feasibility Of Installing An Anaerobic Digester On A Department Of Defense Installation, Russell A. Strange
Theses and Dissertations
Improving technology has made anaerobic digestion a viable method for disposing of organic waste and creating alternative energy. The purpose of this research was to examine the feasibility of installing an anaerobic digester on a Department of Defense installation, and measure its contribution to the execution of Executive Order 13423. A present worth equation was derived in accordance with 10 Code of Federal Regulations 436 expressing viable costs and benefits of an anaerobic digester. A case study of Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) was then presented using the derived equation and operational data from functional digesters in the Ohio …
Scene Change Artifacts In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Of Temporally Changing Sources, Anthony M. Young
Scene Change Artifacts In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Of Temporally Changing Sources, Anthony M. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Improved understanding of midwave infrared (1-5 micron) spectral emissions from detonation fireballs is needed to develop phenomenological models for battle space optical forensics. The ability to measure radiance over a wide band pass at arbitrary resolutions make Fourier-transform spectrometers (FTS) an attractive tool. However, interferometer based spectroscopic measurements can be corrupted when the observed intensity changes during data acquisition. While small, random fluctuations in scene intensity translate into noise, systematic variations introduce scene-change artifacts (SCAs) into Fourier-transformed spectrum.
An Evaluation Of A Networked Radiation Detection System, Leif A. Hansen
An Evaluation Of A Networked Radiation Detection System, Leif A. Hansen
Theses and Dissertations
First responders assess a Nuclear/Radiological (NUCRAD) event in a timely and accurate manner by creating a site characterization that reflects the location of various levels of contamination based on their instruments’ readings. The survey team experiences difficulty in accurately recording this critical data due to the challenge of operating multiple devices and communicating the devices’ readings to other survey members. First responders produce a representation of the contamination or activity on a map that contain rings outlining the levels of activity and/or single locations of a single activity. Recently, several agencies began creating software programs that record a first responder’s …
Fuel Efficiency Assessment With Dea, Evren Kiymaz
Fuel Efficiency Assessment With Dea, Evren Kiymaz
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to calculate Air Mobility Command (AMC) airlift fuel efficiency for C-17 aircraft. Fuel is a strategic asset for the United States Air Force and suitable alternatives are not yet feasible or available in the quantity required. The Air Force is pursuing several initiatives to conserve energy and operate more efficiently while sustaining the same level of effectiveness and safety. In order to manage these initiatives, it must measure how well it is doing. To measure airlift efficiency, the AMC Fuel Efficiency Office established a 7 factor weighted Fuel Efficiency Index (FEI). …
A Study Of The Relationship Between Proenvironmental Product Use And Environmnetal Concern, Joshua M. Poulton
A Study Of The Relationship Between Proenvironmental Product Use And Environmnetal Concern, Joshua M. Poulton
Theses and Dissertations
To be sustainable, an organization must be balanced in the three principles of economy, environment, and society. Advances in pro-environmental technology have overcome roadblocks limiting the economic and environmental principles. The remaining hurdle to becoming sustainable is having society’s beliefs and behaviors align. Understanding the interaction between an individual’s environmental belief and environmental behaviors is essential to bringing them into alignment. To explore this relationship, a model was developed that included the new ecological paradigm (NEP) scale and a generalized version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The attitudes, intentions, and use of six pro-environmental products were measured in …
Modeling The Fate Of Groundwater Contaminants Resulting From Leakage Of Butanol-Blended Fuel, Khai H. Vuong
Modeling The Fate Of Groundwater Contaminants Resulting From Leakage Of Butanol-Blended Fuel, Khai H. Vuong
Theses and Dissertations
Fuel spills and leaks from storage tanks can contaminate groundwater. Typically in groundwater, hazardous aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene are attenuated through natural processes. However, it is possible that adding butanol to gasoline will interfere with these natural attenuation processes, so that spills and leaks of alternative fuels containing biobutanol may result in more persistent hazardous aromatic hydrocarbon plumes. This effect has already been observed with ethanol, which is currently added to gasoline. A numerical model was developed to simulate the subsurface fate and transport of butanol-blended fuel to assess the potential impacts of butanol on the natural attenuation of benzene. …