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A Fish Of Many Scales: Extrapolating Sublethal Pesticide Exposures To The Productivity Of Wild Salmon Populations, David H. Baldwin, Julann A. Spromberg, Tracy K. Collier, Nathaniel L. Scholz

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

For more than a decade, numerous pesticides have been detected in river systems of the western United States that support anadromous species of Pacific salmon and steelhead. Over the same interval, several declining wild salmon populations have been listed as either threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Because pesticides occur in surface waters that provide critical habitat for ESA-listed stocks, they are an ongoing concern for salmon conservation and recovery throughout California and the Pacific Northwest. Because pesticide exposures are typically sublethal, a key question is whether toxicological effects at (or below) the scale of the …