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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Prototype For A Regional Online Toxics Database, Charles A. Lunsford, Craig L. Smith
Prototype For A Regional Online Toxics Database, Charles A. Lunsford, Craig L. Smith
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
An interactive online computerized database for retrieval of chemical analytical information on volatile and extractable organic compounds, and the priority pollutant metals has been developed. Current information about samples from the Chesapeake Bay region in Virginia and Maryland are available. This database stores information on organic compounds in effluent, water, tissue, and sediment in a format which does place restrictions on the number of compounds per sample. It includes various QA/QC items as well as the analyst's assessment of the validity of the data. A variety of keyed retrieval options permits selection of reporting format, and flagging of items exceeding …
Monitoring Seagrass Distribution And Abundance Patterns: A Case Study From The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Orth, Kenneth A. Moore, Judith F. Nowak
Monitoring Seagrass Distribution And Abundance Patterns: A Case Study From The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Orth, Kenneth A. Moore, Judith F. Nowak
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Seagrasses, or submerged aquatic vegetation (SA V), have been mapped in the Chesapeake Bay five times between 1978 and 1987 with standard aerial photographic techniques, resulting in annual reports on SAV distribution. Acquisition of the vertical photography at a scale of 1:24,000, adhering to strict quality-assurance guidelines based on sun angle, tidal stage, cloud cover, wind speed, and season, has produced excellent, high-contrast imagery delineating beds of SAV from adjacent, unvegetated areas. Ground-truthing data from various State, Federal, and public organizations have corroborated the photographic data base. (more ...)
Kepone And The James River, Robert J. Huggett
Kepone And The James River, Robert J. Huggett
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The James River in Virginia was contaminated by the pesticide kepone when the material entered the river as early as 1968 and continued until its discovery in 1975. The river became so contaminated that commercial fisheries were closed. In 1988, 13 years after closure, all fishing restrictions were lifted. The contaminated sediments have been diluted and covered enough by uncontaminated material that the kepone flux back into the water column has diminished. Kepone concentrations in organisms inhabitating the river are finally below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration action levels. Biological, chemical, physical and geological aspects …
Organic Chemicals In Sediments From The Lower Chesapeake Bay, R. J. Huggett, P. O. Defur
Organic Chemicals In Sediments From The Lower Chesapeake Bay, R. J. Huggett, P. O. Defur
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Many of the toxic organic chemicals affecting the marine environment are hydrophobic and associate with sediments. Sediments can accumulate the substances over long intervals and store them after the original source of the toxic material has been eliminated. Contaminated sediments can provide small but damaging amounts of the to.xicant to the overlying water for decades. For example, more than 10 years after the discovery of Kepone in the James River, Virginia, much of the James' fisheries ·is still closed because Kepone levels are above federal action levels.
Abundance Of Virginia Shellfish And Finfish, Herb Austin
Abundance Of Virginia Shellfish And Finfish, Herb Austin
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Water temperature, which has been measured from the pier at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) since 1946, has shown a steady upward trend since 1975-1976. This trend has been most dramatic during the fall-winter period, with October and November of 1984 and 1985 being two of the warmest periods in the 30-year record. The fall of 1985 was the warmest in 30 years. Winter (January-March) temperatures have also shown a steady rise since the record cold January-February of 1977-1978.
Dredging And Disposal In The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Diaz, Robert J. Byrne, Linda C. Schaffner
Dredging And Disposal In The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Diaz, Robert J. Byrne, Linda C. Schaffner
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The management questions involved in dredging and open water dredged material disposal revolve around three basic issues: 1) stability of the dredged material within the defined disposal area, 2) altered resource value of bottoms affected by dredged material, and 3) mobilization of toxins from contaminated dredged material. These issues encompass all aspects of the physical and biological character of a project site. The actual evaluation of dredging and dredged material disposal has generally concentrated on acute impacts to bottom dwelling organisms, benthos, and or to water column characteristics. This emphasis has resulted in ample evidence that many disposal practices have …
Kepone Uptake: A Comparison Of Field And Laboratory Data, Micheal E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett, Harold D. Sloane
Kepone Uptake: A Comparison Of Field And Laboratory Data, Micheal E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett, Harold D. Sloane
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The ability to predict the environmental fate and effects of pollutants in the marine environmenits of utmost importance in assessing the hazards posed by a compound's use and/or disposal. Most commonly utilized methods to establish potential environmental effects have involved an assessment with bioassays of a compound's acute and chronic toxicity. For compounds that have the ability to bioaccumulate, the potential dangers from this process must also be determined. A "first cut" estimate can be made by determining the partition coefficients between an organic solvent, usually n-octanol, and water. If this coefficient exceeds 25,000, EPA requires a report of the …
Acute Toxicity Potential Of Chlorination In Estuarine Waters, Morris H. Roberts Jr.
Acute Toxicity Potential Of Chlorination In Estuarine Waters, Morris H. Roberts Jr.
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Two primary uses of chlorination in estuarine systems are disinfection of sewage effluent and fouling control in condensor tubes of electric power generating plants. The intent in both uses is to apply sufficient chlorine to kill certain target organisms. At the same time, however, efforts are made to control both the application rate and effluent release so that non-target species in the receiving waters are not affected. To accomplish such control, the effluent is usually retained, which permits the decay of the residual chlorine and rapid dilution with ambient water to reduce further the residual. The residual concentration continues to …
Light And Submerged Macrophyte Communities In Chesapeake Bay: A Scientific Summary, Richard L. Wetzel, Robin F. Van Tine, Polly A. Penhale
Light And Submerged Macrophyte Communities In Chesapeake Bay: A Scientific Summary, Richard L. Wetzel, Robin F. Van Tine, Polly A. Penhale
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
The initial focus of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) research in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was evaluation of the structural and functional ecology of these communities. In the upper Bay, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton perfoliatus are the dominant species; the dominant species in the lower Bay are Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima. Studies centered on various aspects of productivity (both primary and secondary), trophic structure, and resource utilization by both ecologically and economically important species. Much of the initial research was descriptively oriented because of a general lack of information on Chesapeake Bay submerged plant …
Kepone® Residues In Chesapeake Bay Biota, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett, W. J. Hargis Jr.
Kepone® Residues In Chesapeake Bay Biota, M. E. Bender, R. J. Huggett, W. J. Hargis Jr.
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Oysters from the James displayed variations in Kepone residue levels related to water temperature and their spawning cycle. Oyster depuralion rates were related to temperature. In summer the "biological half. life" of Kepone in oysters was about one week, while during the winter about 40 days were required for residue levels to decline by 50 per cent. Residues in blue crabs varied as a function of sex, males having considerably higher residues than females. Fin fish levels from the James varied greatly, with residue levels being dependent on species and length of residence for migratory fishes .. Average Kepone residues …
Public Health Aspects Of Tropical Storm Agnes In Virginia's Portion Of Chesapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, M. P. Lynch, J. Claiborne Jones
Public Health Aspects Of Tropical Storm Agnes In Virginia's Portion Of Chesapeake Bay And Its Tributaries, M. P. Lynch, J. Claiborne Jones
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
All Virginia waters within Chesapeake Bay were closed for the taking of shellfish for direct consumption on 23 June 1972. This initial closing was in anticipation of high microorganism levels accompanying flood waters moving downstream. Various areas beginning with the lower portion of Chesapeake Bay were reopened beginning )n 20 July 1972. By 5 October 1972 all areas closed as a result )f Tropical Storm Agnes were reopened. No increased incidents of infectious diseases caused by waterborne microorganisms were noted in Virginia which could be attributed to Tropical Storm Agnes.
Distribution Of Copper And Zinc In Oysters And Sediments From Three Coastal-Plain Estuaries., R. J. Huggett, F. A. Cross, M. E. Bender
Distribution Of Copper And Zinc In Oysters And Sediments From Three Coastal-Plain Estuaries., R. J. Huggett, F. A. Cross, M. E. Bender
VIMS Books and Book Chapters
Copper and zinc were analyzed in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, and the Rappahannock River estuary, Virginia. Results indicated that a concentration gradient existed, higher concentrations of metals being found in animals living in fresher waters as was shown previously for oysters in the James, York, and Rappahannock estuaries in Virginia. Absorbed, precipitatcd-coprecipitated, and organic fractions of copper and zinc in the <63-μm portion of the sediments from the Rappahannock and York rivers and estuaries were estimated from collections made in January 1972 and June 1973. These sediment data are discussed for both estuarine systems and are compared with metal concentrations in oysters. These comparisons indicated that the concentration gradient found in oysters does not appear to be related to the distribution of copper and zinc in the sediments. Alternative explanations for the inverse relationships between concentrations of copper and zinc in oysters and salinity arc given.