Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Barotropic Tides In The South Atlantic Bight, Brian O. Blanton, Francisco E. Werner, Harvey E. Seim, Richard A. Luettich Jr., Daniel R. Lynch, Keston W. Smith, George Voulgaris, Frederick M. Bingham, Francis Way

George Voulgaris

The characteristics of the principal barotropic diurnal and semidiurnal tides are examined for the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) of the eastern United States coast. We combine recent observations from pressure gauges and ADCPs on fixed platforms and additional short-term deployments off the Georgia and South Carolina coasts together with National Ocean Service coastal tidal elevation harmonics. These data have shed light on the regional tidal propagation, particularly off the Georgia/South Carolina coast, which is perforated by a dense estuary/tidal inlet complex (ETIC). We have computed tidal solutions for the western North Atlantic Ocean on two model domains. One includes a …

Surface Mass Balance Of The Ward Hunt Ice Rise And Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, C. Braun, D. R. Hardy, Raymond S. Bradley, V. Sahanatien

Raymond S Bradley

The Ward Hunt Ice Rise and Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, located on Ellesmere Island, Canada, are two of the northernmost land ice masses on the North American continent. Surface mass balance measurements (excluding calving and subice processes) began in 1959 on the ice rise and in 1966 on the ice shelf but were frequently interrupted, most recently between 1986 and 2002. The surface balance of the ice rise and ice shelf follows the temporal pattern seen on other measured High Arctic glaciers. The overall surface mass losses over the last 45 years have been comparatively low (1.68 m water equivalent …

Knowledge Discovery From Multispectral Satellite Images, Arun D. Kulkarni

Arun Kulkarni

Ecological And Agricultural Applications Of Synchrotron Ir Microscopy, Ted K. Raab, John P. Vogel

Ted K. Raab

The diffraction-limited spot size of synchrotron-based IR microscopes provides cell-specific, spectrochemical imaging of cleared leaf, stem and root tissues of the model genetic organism Arabidopsis thaliana, and mutant plants created either by T-DNA insertional inactivation or chemical mutagenesis. Spectra in the wavelength region from 6 to 12 microns provide chemical and physical information on the cell wall polysaccharides of mutants lacking particular biosynthetic enzymes (‘‘Cellulose synthase-like’’ genes). In parallel experiments, synchrotron IR microscopy delineates the role of Arabidopsis cell wall enzymes as susceptibility factors to the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum, a causative agent of powdery mildew disease. Three genes, pmr4, pmr5, …

Constraining The Exhumation And Burial History Of The Safod Pilot Hole With Apatite Fission Track And (U-Th)/He Thermochronometry, Ann Blythe, M D’Alessio, R Bürgmann

Ann Blythe

[1] The San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) pilot hole traverses the upper 2 km of a site 1.8 km west of the San Andreas fault (SAF) near Parkfield, California. In order to evaluate the burial and exhumation history of the site and its relationship to the kinematics and mechanics of the SAF, we use 15 apatite fission-track (FT) and 5 (U-Th)/He analyses from pilot hole samples to document their thermal history. Sample ages decrease with depth: FT and (U-Th)/He ages range from ∼60 and ∼31 Ma, respectively, in the upper 800 m of the hole to ∼3 and …

Karst Of Western Cuba: Observations, Geomorphology, And Diagenesis, Larry D. Seale, Limaris R. Soto, Lee J. Florea, Beth Fratesi

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

In Cuba, we observed many karst features in a variety of hydrogeologic settings. These hy-drogeologic settings occur in close proximity only because of the complex tectonic history of the is-land. We observed caves within rocks ranging from Pleistocene to Jurassic, and representing a range of diagenetic ages from eogenetic to teloge-netic. Our observations are from the western one-third of the island of Cuba; however, we believe they are representative of hydrogeologic settings found throughout the island.

1d Energy Transport In A Strongly Scattering Laboratory Model, Kasper Van Wijk, Matt M. Haney, John A. Scales

Matthew M. Haney

Radiative transfer (RT) theory is often invoked to describe energy propagation in strongly scattering media. Fitting RT to measured wave field intensities is rather different at late times, when the transport is diffusive, than at intermediate times (around one extinction mean free time), when ballistic and diffusive behavior coexist. While there are many examples of late-time RT fits, we describe ultrasonic multiple scattering measurements with RT over the entire range of times—from ballistic to diffusive. In addition to allowing us to retrieve the scattering and absorption mean free paths independently, our results also support theoretical predictions in 1D that suggest …

Modern Glacier Retreat On Kilimanjaro As Evidence Of Climate Change: Observations And Facts, Georg Kaser, Douglas R. Hardy, Thomas Molg, Raymond S. Bradley, Tharsis M. Hyera

Raymond S Bradley

In recent years, Kilimanjaro and its vanishing glaciers have become an ‘icon’ of global warming, attracting broad interest. In this paper, a synopsis of (a) field observations made by the authors and (b) climatic data as reported in the literature (proxy and long-term instrumental data) is presented to develop a new concept for investigating the retreat of Kilimanjaro’s glaciers, based on the physical understanding of glacier–climate interactions. The concept considers the peculiarities of the mountain and implies that climatological processes other than air temperature control the ice recession in a direct manner. A drastic drop in atmospheric moisture at the …

Stacking Velocities As Geopressure Indicators In Ghawar And Red Sea Areas, Saudi Arabia., Thomas M. Loretto

Thomas M Loretto

No abstract provided.

Determining The Cooling History Of In Situ Lower Oceanic Crust—Atlantis Bank, Sw Indian Ridge, Barbara John, D Foster, J Murphy, M Cheadle, A Baines, C Fanning, P Copeland

Barbara John

No abstract provided.

Light & Dark: The Hidden Wonders Of Buck Creek, Lee J. Florea

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

As early morning mists rise from the banks of its supple waters, beams of light penetrate the Buck Creek valley illuminating its beauty. While light illuminates most of the land, there are secret places, nestled within the forest where darkness reigns supreme. Places beyond the touch of the sun, beyond the influence of seasons. Here time is measured not in cycles of light but by the flow of water and fall of rock. These are the caves, conduits for water past and present. Nestled in the hills of south-central Kentucky the caves along Buck Creek provide the lifeblood for a …

Sedimentation And Porosity Enhancement In A Breached Flank Margin Cave, Lee J. Florea, John Mylroie, Adam Price

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

No abstract provided.

Citizen Suits And Sustainability, John C. Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Exsolution And Magnetic Properties In Hemo-Ilmenite: Insights From Mössbauer Spectroscopy With Implications For Planetary Magnetic Anomalies, Laurie Brown, M. D. Dyar, S. A. Mcenroe, E. Murad, H. Schiellerup

Laurie Brown

Remanence properties of ilmenites with exsolved hematite have recently been the object of much study, because their high natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is greater than predicted for these two minerals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy in conjunction with electron microprobe and NRM measurements were used to explore the possibility that single domain (SD) hematite lamellae in the ilmenite host could explain the observed remanence, and to determine if magnetite is present. XRD results show the presence of ilmenite and hematite. Mössbauer data show that only species assigned to hematite, ilmenite, and a small amount of tetrahedral Fe3+ are present. …

Paleomagnetic Directions And 40ar/39ar Ages From The Tatara-San Pedro Volcanic Complex, Chilean Andes: Lava Record Of A Matuyama-Brunhes Precursor?, Laurie Brown, J. C. Pickens, B. S. Singer, B. R. Jicha

Laurie Brown

Lava flows within Quebrada Turbia valley of the Tatara San Pedro volcanic complex, in central Chile (36°S, 289°E), preserve a detailed record of what was presumed to be the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal. A sampling traverse in the central west wall of the valley yields reverse and transitional polarity flows of the Quebrada Turbia sequence. Two kilometers to the north, another section yields 17 transitional flows from the same volcanic sequence overlain by flows with normal polarity. The 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments on lavas within the two sections provide nine independent age determinations and yield a weighted mean of 791.7 ± …

Projected Temperature Changes Along The American Cordillera And The Planned Gcos Network, Raymond S. Bradley, F. T. Keimig, H. F. Diaz

Raymond S Bradley

Analysis of 7 GCM simulations with 2x CO2 levels shows large and statistically significant free air temperature changes (compared to controls) along the axis of the American Cordillera (from Alaska to southern Chile). At all latitudes, the modeled change in temperature increases with elevation. Temperature increases are especially large in boreal summer months from ∼35–50°N, and year-round in the high mountains of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile. If these models are correct, mountain ranges that extend high into the lower troposphere are likely to experience significant warming, with implications for glacier mass balance and water resources, montane ecosystems and high …

Magnetic Anomalies, Layered Intrusions And Mars, Laurie Brown, S. A. Mcenroe, J. R. Skilbrei, P. Robinson, F. Heidelbach, F. Langenhorst

Laurie Brown

Studies of remanence-controlled magnetic anomalies on Earth provide possibilities to interpret the nature of crustal rocks that cause the large remanent anomalies on Mars. What types of conditions on Earth can create large remanent magnetic anomalies? Such an anomaly, extending for 20 km centered over a norite layer in the Bjerkreim-Sokndal (BKS) Intrusion, shows a minimum −13000 nT below background in the helicopter survey. Modeling of the anomaly requires a natural remanent magnetization (NRM) value of 24 A/m, similar to values measured in norite samples and to values invoked to explain the anomalies on Mars. Preliminary magnetic assessment considers the …

A 1500-Year El Niño/Southern Oscillation And Rainfall History For The Isthmus Of Panama From Speleothem Calcite, Stephen J. Burns, M. S. Lachniet, D. R. Piperno, Y. Asmerom, V. J. Polyak, C. M. Moy, K. Christenson

Stephen J Burns

The effect of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tropical rainfall variations of the past 2 millennia is largely unknown. High-resolution monsoon records are sparse, despite the role of ENSO in generating global hydrologic anomalies in modern climate. To investigate the relationship between ENSO and the Central American Monsoon, we generated a high-resolution (∼2.9 years/sample) oxygen-isotope monsoon rainfall record from a U/Th-dated stalagmite (180 B.C. to 1310 A.D.) from the Isthmus of Panama. We present evidence for a weakened monsoon during the “High Medieval” (1100–1200 A.D.) and the Classic Maya Collapse (750–950 A.D.). Rainfall decreased and was more variable after …

“Strong Feedbacks Between Hydrology And Sliding Of A Small Alpine Glacier.”, Kelly R. Macgregor, R.S. Anderson, S.P. Anderson, E.D. Waddington, S. O’Neel, C.A. Riihimaki, M.G. Loso

Kelly R. MacGregor

No abstract provided.

Proton Source Size Measurements In The Ea -> E(')Ppx Reaction, Av Stavinsky, Kr Mikhailov, R Lednicky, Av Vlassov, G Adams, P Ambrozewich, E Anciant, M Anghinolfi, B Asavapibhop, G Asryan, G Audit, T Auger, H Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, Jp Ball, S Barrow, V Batourine, M Battaglieri, K Beard, M Bektasoglu, M Bellis, N Benmouna, N Bianchi, As Biselli, S Boiarinov, Be Bonner, S Bouchigny, R Bradford, D Branford, Wk Brooks, Vd Burkert, C Butuceanu, Jr Calarco, Ds Carman, C Cetina, S Chen, Pl Cole, D Cords, A Coleman, P Corvisiero, D Crabb, Jp Cummings, N Dashyan, Ed Sanctis, Rd Vita, Pv Degtyarenko, H Denizli, L Dennis, A Deur, Kv Dharmawardane, C Djalali, Ge Dodge, D Doughty, P Dragovitsch, M Dugger, S Dytman, Op Dzyubak, H Egiyan, Ks Egiyan, L Elouadrhiri, A Empl, P Eugenio, R Fatemi, Rg Fersch, Rj Feuerbach, Ta Forest, H Funsten, M Garcon, G Gavalian, S Gilad, Gp Gilfoyle, Kl Giovanetti, P Girard, Cio Gordon, Rw Gothe, K Griffioen, M Guidal, M Guillo, N Guler, L Guo, V Gyurjyan, C Hadjidakis, Rs Hakobyan, J Hardie, D Heddle, Fw Hersman, K Hicks, I Hleiqawi, M Holtrop, J Hu, Ce Hyde-Wright, Dg Ireland, Mm Ito, D Jenkins, K Joo, Hg Juengst, Jh Kelley, Jd Kellie, M Khandaker, Dh Kim, Ky Kim, K Kim, Ms Kim, W Kim, A Klein, Fj Klein, Av Klimenko, M Klusman, Mv Kossov, Lh Kramer, V Kubarovski, Se Kuhn, J Kuhn, J Lachniet, Jm Laget, J Langheinrich, D Lawrence, Ga Leksin, T Lee, J Li, K Livingston, K Lukashin, Jj Manak, C Marchand, S Mcaleer, Jwc Mcnabb, Ba Mecking, S Mehrabyan, Jj Melone, Md Mestayer, Ca Meyer, M Mirazita, R Miskimen, V Mokeev, L Morand, Sa Morrow, V Muccifora, J Mueller, Gs Mutchler, J Napolitano, R Nasseripour, So Nelson, S Niccolai, G Niculescu, I Niculescu, Bb Niczyporuk, Ra Niyazov, M Nozar, Gv O'Rielly, M Osipenko, Ai Ostrovidov, K Park, E Pasyuk, G Peterson, Sa Philips, Na Pivnyuk, D Pocanic, O Pogorelko, E Polli, S Pozdniakov, Bm Preedom, Jw Price, Y Prok, D Protopopescu, Lm Qin, Ba Raue, G Riccardi, G Ricco, M Ripani, Bg Ritchie, F Ronchetti, G Rosner, P Rossi, D Rowntree, Pd Rubin, F Sabatie, K Sabourov, C Salgado, Jp Santoro, V Sapunenko, Ra Schumacher, Vs Serov, Yg Sharabian, J Shaw, S Simionatto, Av Skabelin, Es Smith, Lc Smith, Di Sober, M Spraker, S Stepanyan, Ss Stepanyan, Be Stokes, P Stoler, Ii Strakovsky, M Taiuti, S Taylor, Dj Tedeschi, U Thoma, R Thompson, A Tkabladze, L Todor, C Tur, M Ungaro, Mf Vineyard, Ls Vorobeyev, K Wang, Lb Weinstein, H Weller, Dp Weygand, Cs Whisnant, M Williams, E Wolin, Mh Wood, A Yegneswaran, J Yun, L Zana

Michael Williams

Two-proton correlations at small relative momentum q were studied in the eA(3He,4He,C,Fe)-->e(')ppX reaction at E(0)=4.46 GeV using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The enhancement of the correlation function at small q was found to be in accordance with theoretical expectations. Sizes of the emission region were extracted, and proved to be dependent on A and on the proton momentum. The size of the two-proton emission region for He was measured in eA reactions for the first time.

Complete Measurement Of Three-Body Photodisintegration Of He-3 For Photon Energies Between 0.35 And 1.55 Gev, S Niccolai, G Audit, Bl Berman, Jm Laget, S Strauch, G Adams, A Afanasev, P Ambrozewicz, M Anghinolfi, Jrm Annand, C Armstrong, B Asavapibhop, H Avakian, H Bagdasaryan, Jp Ball, S Barrow, M Battaglieri, K Beard, M Bektasoglu, M Bellis, N Benmouna, N Bianchi, As Biselli, S Boiarinov, Be Bonner, S Bouchigny, R Bradford, D Branford, Wj Briscoe, Wk Brooks, Vd Burkert, C Butuceanu, Jr Calarco, Ds Carman, B Carnahan, S Chen, Pl Cole, A Coleman, D Cords, P Corvisiero, D Crabb, H Crannell, Jp Cummings, E De Sanctis, R Devita, Pv Degtyarenko, H Denizli, L Dennis, Kv Dharmawardane, Ks Dhuga, C Djalali, Ge Dodge, D Doughty, P Dragovitsch, M Dugger, S Dytman, Op Dzyubak, H Egiyan, Ks Egiyan, L Elouadrhiri, A Empl, R Ent, P Eugenio, R Fatemi, G Fedotov, G Feldman, Rj Feuerbach, J Ficenec, Ta Forest, H Funsten, G Gavalian, Gp Gilfoyle, Kl Giovanetti, E Golovatch, Cio Gordon, Rw Gothe, K Griffioen, M Guidal, M Guillo, N Guler, L Guo, V Gyurjyan, C Hadjidakis, Rs Hakobyan, J Hardie, D Heddle, P Heimberg, Fw Hersman, K Hicks, K Hleiqawi, M Holtrop, J Hu, M Huertas, Ce Hyde-Wright, Yy Ilieva, D Ireland, Mm Ito, D Jenkins, Hs Jo, K Joo, Hg Juengst, J Kellie, M Khandaker, Ky Kim, K Kim, W Kim, A Klein, Fj Klein, Av Klimenko, M Klusman, M Kossov, Lh Kramer, Y Kuang, Se Kuhn, J Kuhn, J Lachniet, J Langheinrich, D Lawrence, J Li, Acs Lima, K Livingston, K Lukashin, Jj Manak, C Marchand, S Mcaleer, Jwc Mcnabb, Ba Mecking, Jj Melone, Md Mestayer, Ca Meyer, K Mikhailov, R Minehart, M Mirazita, R Miskimen, L Morand, Sa Morrow, V Muccifora, J Mueller, Ly Murphy, Gs Mutchler, J Napolitano, R Naseripour, G Niculescu, I Niculescu, Bb Niczyporuk, Ra Niyazov, M Nozar, Jt O'Brien, Gv O'Rielly, M Osipenko, A Ostrovidov, K Park, E Pasyuk, Sa Philips, N Pivnyuk, D Pocanic, O Pogorelko, E Polli, I Popa, S Pozdniakov, Bm Preedom, Jw Price, Y Prok, D Protopopescu, Lm Qin, Ba Raue, G Riccardi, G Ricco, M Ripani, Bg Ritchie, F Ronchetti, G Rosner, P Rossi, D Rowntree, Pd Rubin, F Sabatie, C Salgado, Jp Santoro, V Sapunenko, Ra Schumacher, Vs Serov, A Shafi, Yg Sharabian, J Shaw, Av Skabelin, Es Smith, Lc Smith, Di Sober, A Stavinsky, S Stepanyan, P Stoler, Ii Strakovsky, R Suleiman, M Taiuti, S Taylor, Dj Tedeschi, U Thoma, R Thompson, R Tkabladze, L Todor, C Tur, M Ungaro, Mf Vineyard, Av Vlassov, K Wang, Lb Weinstein, Dp Weygand, Cs Whisnant, M Williams, E Wolin, Mh Wood, A Yegneswaran, J Yun, L Zana

Michael Williams

The three-body photodisintegration of 3He has been measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab, using tagged photons of energies between 0.35 GeV and 1.55 GeV. The large acceptance of the spectrometer allowed us for the first time to cover a wide momentum and angular range for the two outgoing protons. Three kinematic regions dominated by either two- or three-body contributions have been distinguished and analyzed. The measured cross sections have been compared with results of a theoretical model, which, in certain kinematic ranges, have been found to be in reasonable agreement with the data.

Committee On Climate Change And Sustainable Development: 2003 Annual Report, John Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

Windimurra Vanadium Deposit, Murchison Region, W.A., D Bolton, Jude Alexander

Jude Alexander

No abstract provided.

Natural Resources And The Public Estate, John Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

Long-Range Downstream Effects Of Urban Runoff And Acid Mine Drainage In The Debed River, Armenia: Insights From Lead Isotope Modeling, Robert Kurkjian, Charles Dunlap, A. Flegal

Charles Dunlap

Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions measured along 80 km of the Debed River in the Republic of Armenia provide new insights into the geochemical and physical controls on riparian Pb transport by allowing comparison of the long-range, downstream impacts of acid mine drainage with runoff from an industrialized city. The modern background Pb concentration in Armenian surface waters is estimated to be ~0.01 lg/L, based on analyses of remote alpine rivers in Armenia. The lead concentration in the Debed River is 8 µg/L (800 times background) after passing through Vanadzor, the second largest industrial city in Armenia; it then decreases …

Structural Correction Of Paleomagnetic Vectors Dispersed About Two Fold Axes And Application To The Duke Island (Alaska) Ultramafic Complex, Scott Bogue, C. Sherman Gromme

Scott Bogue

A new analysis of paleomagnetic data from the mid-Cretaceous (∼110 Ma) ultramafic complex at Duke Island (southeast Alaska) supports large poleward transport of the Insular superterrane relative to North America consistent with the Baja British Columbia hypothesis. Previous paleomagnetic work has shown that the characteristic remanence of the ultramafic complex predates kilometer-scale deformation of the very well developed cumulate layering but that the layering was not horizontal everywhere before the folding. It is possible, however, to estimate paleohorizontal for the Duke Island ultramafic complex because the postremanence deformation of the intrusion occurred about two well-defined and spatially separate fold axes. …

An Analog And Mathematical Modeling Resource Catalog For Undergraduate Structural Geology Courses, Phillip Resor, John Stimac, Michelle Cooke, Juliet Crider, Dazhi Jiang, Basil Tikoff, Jamie Toro

Phillip G Resor

The Modeling Structural Processes Working Group of the recent NAGT Workshop: "Teaching Structural Geology in the 21st Century" (TSG21) presents a catalog of models used in the teaching of structural geology to undergraduate students. Structural geology models are simplified constructs of complex earth system processes that have long been known to engage students and enhance their intuition of the deformation of earth materials. We recognize four classes of models: conceptual models, data representation models (including maps, stereonets, three-dimensional renderings, and statistical descriptions), analog models (including experiments with rock and non-rock materials), and mathematical models (including analytical expressions and deterministic or …

Numerical Investigation Of Saturated Source Area Behavior At The Small Catchment Scale, Fred L. Ogden

Fred L. Ogden

The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between small catchment properties and the temporal growth and decay of saturated source areas (SSA). A simple physics-based hydrologic model, which we call the Sandbox model, is developed for this purpose. A thorough sensitivity analysis is undertaken to evaluate model response to variations in model parameters. Sandbox model output is compared to that from the semi-distributed conceptual model, TOPMODEL, a model with a wide spread acceptance. Plotting the temporal evolution of the extent of saturated source area versus catchment average soil water content dur- ing a number of wetting and …

Toward A Climate Change Strategy For Pennsylvania, John C. Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

No abstract provided.

Lead In Residential Soil And Dust In A Mining And Smelting District In Northern Armenia: A Pilot Study, Varduhi Petrosyan, Anna Orlova, Charles E. Dunlap, Emil Babayan, Mark Farfel, Margrit Von Braun

Charles Dunlap

This pilot study of sources of lead exposure in residential settings was conducted in a mining and smelting district in northern Armenia. Samples of exterior soil and dust and interior house dust were collected in and around apartment buildings in Alaverdi where the country’s largest polymetallic smelter is located, and in nearby mining towns of Aghtala and Shamlugh. The NITON XL- 723 Multi-Element XRF analyzer was used for lead testing. Lead levels in samples from Alaverdi were higher than those in Shamlugh and Aghtala. In all three towns, the highest lead levels were found in loose exterior dust samples, and …