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- Anthropogenic (2)
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geochemical And Sensor-Based Monitoring Of Fault-Associated Carbonic Springs In Grand Canyon And Northern New Mexico: Identifying Hydrologic Pathways And Establishing Baselines, Chris Mcgibbon
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
This dissertation examines the interaction of spring systems and faulting. When springs discharge within a fault zone the interaction is often complex, and multiple methods are required to understand the flow, mixing and evolution of groundwater. In karst aquifer systems fracture networks can range from sub-millimeter to meters and only adds to the complexities involved in examining spring hydrology. The Interest in springs and faulting is not only driven by science, but also has applied applications. Faulting and fluid flow are of interest to the oil and gas industry, and potential CO2 sequestration. In the southwestern US, water quantity …
Soil Moisture Dependent Runoff In A Dryland Region: An Investigation Of The Role Of Antecedent Conditions, Monitoring, And Modeling Strategies, Gerhard Schoener
Soil Moisture Dependent Runoff In A Dryland Region: An Investigation Of The Role Of Antecedent Conditions, Monitoring, And Modeling Strategies, Gerhard Schoener
Civil Engineering ETDs
Approximately 30% of the Earth’s land surface is characterized as arid or semiarid, including much of the western United States. Accurate runoff predictions are important for informed watershed management, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas. Infiltration excess overland flow is the dominant mechanism for runoff generation in many dryland basins, and event-based infiltration or loss models are commonly used to estimate runoff. However, predictions are associated with considerable uncertainty due to the role antecedent soil moisture, an initial condition that must be set by the modeler. The objectives of my research were to (1) evaluate the impact of antecedent soil moisture …
The Birth And Incision History Of The San Juan River In The Past 5 Ma, Micael T. Albonico
The Birth And Incision History Of The San Juan River In The Past 5 Ma, Micael T. Albonico
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
This study addresses the evolution of the San Juan River system and its confluence with the Colorado River, ~ 100 km above the regionally important Lees Ferry knickzone. The San Juan River is a 600-km-long continental-scale tributary of the Colorado River. From its headwaters in the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, the San Juan River flows across the Colorado Plateau, and into the Colorado River upstream of Grand Canyon. Published apatite fission track and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronologic data show that rocks in Marble Canyon, as well as in middle and upper reaches of the San Juan River, were >75 °C …
The Morphology And Evolution Of Transverse Aeolian Ridges On Mars, Timothy Paul Nagle-Mcnaughton
The Morphology And Evolution Of Transverse Aeolian Ridges On Mars, Timothy Paul Nagle-Mcnaughton
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) are enigmatic and largely relict bedforms on the surface of Mars. TARs are sparsely distributed but common on Mars, but their history, preservation, and past role in the sediment cycle is not well understood. First described in 2003, and detailed extensively in 2008, our study of TARs has been narrowly focused in the last decade, with more and more research noting their presence, but little investigation of the features themselves. Recent work has mostly focused on identifying Terran analogues for TARs, but TARs remain largely a unique Martian feature. In this manuscript, I clarify and refine …
Single-Crystal Elasticity Of Tremolite At High-Pressure Conditions And Its Implication For The Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuity, Soisiri Charin
Single-Crystal Elasticity Of Tremolite At High-Pressure Conditions And Its Implication For The Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuity, Soisiri Charin
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Tremolite is the calcium magnesium amphibole that widely occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks of the crustal and upper mantle lithosphere, especially in the greenschist facies to amphibolite facies of ultramafic assemblages. The stability field of amphibole reaches 3-4 GPa and 1100-1200°C depending on water content and cation substitutions giving rise to amphibole to occur in highly variable compositions. This P-T condition, corresponding to the depth about 80-120 km, coincides with the depth range that a negative velocity gradient usually found within most stable cratonic lithospheres. This depth range is seismically called Mid-lithosphere discontinuity (MLD). The geologic processes that might …
Petrology And Geochemistry Of Evolved Achondrites: Planetesimal Mantles And Crusts, Zoltan Vaci
Petrology And Geochemistry Of Evolved Achondrites: Planetesimal Mantles And Crusts, Zoltan Vaci
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Melting and differentiation are fundamental to early solar system evolution on planetary bodies that accreted enough material to heat up radioactively or through impacts and breach their solidi. Partially and fully melted material is present in the meteorite record in the form of primitive achondrites and achondrites, which are fragments of planetesimals that underwent heating events in the first few million years of solar system history. Although the vast majority of this material is mafic or ultramafic, new evolved samples, recovered in the last few decades, are pushing the petrologic and geochemical boundaries of planetesimal melting, differentiation, and crust formation. …
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Rostislav Hrubiak, Jin S. Zhang
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Rostislav Hrubiak, Jin S. Zhang
Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a major host for CO2 in the deep Earth. The physical and chemical properties of CaCO3 at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are indispensable to decipher the circulation of carbon between the Earth's interior and surface via volcanism and subduction. Using the pulse-echo-overlap method combined with Paris-Edinburgh press, we measured velocities of CaCO3 and observed an anomalous drop associated with the amorphization of aragonite under upper mantle conditions. The compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities of the partially amorphized CaCO3 are reduced …
Effects Of Environmental Change On Ancestral Pueblo Fishing In The Middle Rio Grande, Jonathan W. Dombrosky Dr.
Effects Of Environmental Change On Ancestral Pueblo Fishing In The Middle Rio Grande, Jonathan W. Dombrosky Dr.
Anthropology ETDs
It has long been assumed that fishes were unimportant in the diet of past Pueblo people in the U.S. Southwest. Yet, small numbers of fish remains are consistently recovered from Late pre-Hispanic/Early Historic archaeological sites in the Middle Rio Grande of New Mexico. The end of drought conditions may have impacted food choice and fishing decisions during this time. I use behavioral ecology to understand how fishing could have been an optimal food-getting strategy for Ancestral Pueblo farmers. Stable isotope analysis offers a way to account for environmental change. I provide a refined 13C Suess correction model to support …
Investigations Of Geochemical Variations With Depth At The First 15 Drill Sites On Mars Analyzed By The Chemcam Instrument Onboard The Curiosity Rover And Supported By Laboratory Studies And Analog Research At The Valle Grande Paleolake, Valles Caldera, New Mexico, Usa, Ryan S. Jackson
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The ChemCam instrument collected a wealth of data during the first 15 drill campaigns and on the distribution of trace elements at Yellowknife Bay, Mars. The drill sites investigation showed that most sites were geochemically homogenous down the depth of the drill hole. Two sites in the Stimson formation contained a vertical gradient of decreasing silica down > 3 cm. This gradient may be the result of groundwater flow and is likely recent, within 2.3 Ma. The trace element research was grounded with an analog study at the Valle Grande paleolake in New Mexico. We observed progressive alteration in the minerology …
A Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis Of Altered Oceanic Crust And Its Buffering Effect On The Steady State Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Seawater, Jesse P. Mcgunnigle
A Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis Of Altered Oceanic Crust And Its Buffering Effect On The Steady State Oxygen Isotope Composition Of Seawater, Jesse P. Mcgunnigle
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
The secular chemical marine sediment trend showing an increase in δ18O over geologic time has traditionally been investigated using δ18O modelling of ancient ocean compositions, ocean surface temperatures, and sample diagenetic alteration. This study presents a triple oxygen isotope mass balance for the oceans using high precision δ18O and Δ'17O measurements of altered oceanic crust. The mass balance model predicts an ice-free seawater with δ18O = -0.29‰ and Δ’17O = -0.002‰ with steady state reached at approximately (0.5 to 1)×109 years. Modifications to the hydrothermal alteration and …
Diversity – Independent Factors Predict Elevated Extinction Rates, Dustin Perriguey
Diversity – Independent Factors Predict Elevated Extinction Rates, Dustin Perriguey
Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationships between diversity-independent factors (i.e., abiotic, climatic) 2, 5, and 10 Myrs-prior to the most elevated Phanerozoic extinctions. We constructed five abiotic variables from Phanerozoic proxy records1–5 to compare to extinction rates: mean temperature, temperature instability, carbon cycle instability, continental weathering rates, and habitat instability. All three models were statistically significant (P < 0.05) and explained > 70% of the variation in Alroy’s6 three-timer generic extinction rates. However, the 2 Myr-prior model explained the most variance in extinction rates and had the most predictive power, based on adjusted and predictive R2 (~ 72% and 41%, respectively). Carbon …
Diversity – Independent Factors Predict Elevated Extinction Rates, Dustin Perriguey, Corinne Myers, Jason Moore, Louis Scuderi
Diversity – Independent Factors Predict Elevated Extinction Rates, Dustin Perriguey, Corinne Myers, Jason Moore, Louis Scuderi
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationships between diversity-independent factors (i.e., abiotic, climatic) 2, 5, and 10 Myrs-prior to the most elevated Phanerozoic extinctions. We constructed five abiotic variables from Phanerozoic proxy records1–5 to compare to extinction rates: mean temperature, temperature instability, carbon cycle instability, continental weathering rates, and habitat instability. All three models were statistically significant (P < 0.05) and explained > 70% of the variation in Alroy’s6 three-timer generic extinction rates. However, the 2 Myr-prior model explained the most variance in extinction rates and had the most predictive power, based on adjusted and predictive R2 (~ 72% and 41%, respectively). Carbon …
Microstructural And Microchemical Studies Of Fluid–Chondrule Interactions In A Pristine Cr Carbonaceous Chondrite And Apatite In Martian Nakhlites, Marina Martínez
Microstructural And Microchemical Studies Of Fluid–Chondrule Interactions In A Pristine Cr Carbonaceous Chondrite And Apatite In Martian Nakhlites, Marina Martínez
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
PROJECT 1: Chondrites are the most primitive objects in the solar system, aggregates of the material that formed in the solar protoplanetary disk during the first 1-5 million years of its formation. However, petrographic observations indicate that most chondrites have been modified by secondary processes, including aqueous alteration, thermal metamorphism, and shock. Fortunately, a few chondrites largely escaped these processes and are considered pristine, such as the CR carbonaceous chondrite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 99177. QUE 99177 is an excellent sample for deciphering information about the reactions that took place between unaltered anhydrous solar nebular components and water under highly …
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Jin S. Zhang, Rostislav Hrubiak
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Jin S. Zhang, Rostislav Hrubiak
Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a major mineral host for CO2 in deep Earth. The physical and chemical properties of CaCO3 at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are important for understanding the CO2 circulation between the Earth's surface and interior primarily via volcanism and subduction. Using the pulse-echo-overlap method combined with Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press, we measured velocities of CaCO3 under upper mantle conditions and observed an anomalous velocity drop associated with the amorphization of aragonite. The compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities of the partially amorphized CaCO …