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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Use And Evaluation Of Lidar For Mapping Sinkholes In Royal Spring Groundwater Basin, Fidele Nsonguh Tibouo
Use And Evaluation Of Lidar For Mapping Sinkholes In Royal Spring Groundwater Basin, Fidele Nsonguh Tibouo
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
This study utilizes a digital elevation model of the surface derived from high-resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and aerial-image technologies to map sinkholes in the Royal Spring groundwater basin. Shade-relief maps, with vertical exaggeration, were very helpful in the initial characterization of depressions. Then, aerial-photography sets were likewise helpful in identifying man-made structures such as retention basins, swimming pools, and parking lots, and to identify new sinkholes.
Field checking was necessary to further define depressions into two categories: 1.) potential sinkholes and 2.) probable sinkholes. This study had a lower success rate (50 percent) for identifying sinkholes via LiDAR …
Mobility Of Escherichia Coli Within Karst Terrains, Kentucky, Usa, Ashley M. Bandy
Mobility Of Escherichia Coli Within Karst Terrains, Kentucky, Usa, Ashley M. Bandy
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Bacterial contamination of karst aquifers is a concern as water quality across the globe deteriorates in the face of decreasing water security. This study examined the transport and attenuation of two non-virulent isolates of Escherichia coli in relation to traditional groundwater tracers such as rhodamine WT dye and latex microspheres in two karst regions in Kentucky. Differential movement between the four tracers was observed in both epikarst and karst aquifer traces, with differences in behavior dependent on flow conditions. Attenuation was greater for the bacterial isolate containing the iha gene, compared to the isolate containing the kps gene. Microspheres of …
Denali In A Box: Analog Experiments Modeled After A Natural Setting Provide Insight On Gentle Restraining Bend Deformation, Anne M. Fendick
Denali In A Box: Analog Experiments Modeled After A Natural Setting Provide Insight On Gentle Restraining Bend Deformation, Anne M. Fendick
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Mount McKinley restraining bend (MMRB) creates an ~18° left-step in the arcuate surface trace of the dextral Denali Fault in south-central Alaska. Despite being a large, crustal-scale fault, little is understood about the controls on deformation within the MMRB. Similarities between previous wet kaolin analog modeling and the MMRB suggest that the first-order deformation patterns may derive from similar mechanisms. We compare uplift patterns, localization of deformation, formation of new faults, and displacement fields from the analog model and the natural setting to assess the influence of different variables on the overall system. Despite strong rheological heterogeneity in the …
Field, Geochronologic, And Geochemical Constraints On Late Precambrian To Early Paleozoic Terrane Accretion In The Southern Appalachian Blue Ridge Province, Emma A. Larkin
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Xenolith-bearing orthogneiss of Amazonian affinity discovered in the Dellwood quadrangle in the Blue Ridge basement complex represents the oldest crustal component of the southern Appalachians (1.33 – 1.37 Ga: Quinn, 2012). New U-Pb zircon ages for migmatitic paragneiss of the Cartoogechaye terrane exposed in the Dellwood quadrangle reveal two unique detrital zircon age signatures that indicate either a local eastern Laurentian margin source or an exotic source. Detailed mapping, whole rock geochemistry, and U-Pb zircon geochronology were conducted to determine whether this exotic crustal component extends farther south into the Hazelwood 7.5” quadrangle. Lithological similarities exist between paragneisses in the …
Stratigraphic, Geochemical, And Well Log Analysis Of The Wolfcamp-D Unconventional Play In The Central Midland Basin, Texas, Patrick Thomas Ryan
Stratigraphic, Geochemical, And Well Log Analysis Of The Wolfcamp-D Unconventional Play In The Central Midland Basin, Texas, Patrick Thomas Ryan
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
This M.S. thesis utilizes diverse subsurface datasets from the central Midland Basin, a recently reinvigorated petroleum producing region, to better understand the depositional history of the prospective Wolfcamp-D interval. An integrated set of methods were applied to ~320 ft of drill core from Midland County (Texas). Elemental chemostratigraphy collected via x-ray fluorescence highlights the pervasive fine-scale variability in the stratigraphy of the core, and aided in the classification of three different mudrock facies types. Organic-rich, siliceous mudrocks are cyclically interbedded with aluminum-rich mudrocks and carbonates throughout the Wolfcamp-D. Trace metal correlations with total organic carbon indicate slow bottom-water recharge from …
Development Of A Semi-Automated Methodology For Discriminating Between Natural And Manmade Seismic Events Using The Oiink Seismic Array, Paul Rodriguez Asihama
Development Of A Semi-Automated Methodology For Discriminating Between Natural And Manmade Seismic Events Using The Oiink Seismic Array, Paul Rodriguez Asihama
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Broadband waveforms from the Ozark, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky temporary seismic array OIINK, a Flexible Array in the EarthScope project, were used to develop routines to identify and remove mine blast events from a database of local events and preserve the infrequent, small, natural earthquakes. The approach taken was to first create a database of all seismic events that were detected by the OIINK Seismic Array. False-detections, events detected from outside of the project area (approx. 302 thousand square km), and known (i.e. cataloged) local earthquake were also removed. The remaining in the database were local unknown events. During the Phase …
Lithostratigraphic And Geochemical Characterization Of The Upper Pennsylvanian ‘Wolfcamp D’ Shale, Midland Basin (Usa): Implications For Paleoenvironments And Unconventional Petroleum Reserviors, Patrick W. Baldwin
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
An integrated stratigraphic analysis of a ~350 ft drill core from Upton County (Texas) has revealed pervasive variability of several key siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies in vertical section, where organic-rich siliceous mudrock beds alternate with aluminum-rich mudrocks and calcareous gravity flow deposits. Sediment chemistry, especially major and trace elements derived from x-ray fluorescence, captures this variability with high sensitivity. The high frequency chemostratigraphic variability appears to be cyclic, and it is interpreted to represent the first example of deep-water Late Pennsylvanian cyclothems for the Midland Basin. Positive trace metal (Mo, Cr) correlations to total organic carbon and gamma ray response …
Deuterium And Oxygen-18 Diffusion In A Confined Aquifer: A Numerical Model Of Stable Isotope Diffusion Across Aquitard-Aquifer Boundaries, Benjamin J. Currens
Deuterium And Oxygen-18 Diffusion In A Confined Aquifer: A Numerical Model Of Stable Isotope Diffusion Across Aquitard-Aquifer Boundaries, Benjamin J. Currens
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The stable isotopes 2H and 18O, combined with noble gases and radioisotopes (e.g., 3H, 14C, 36Cl), are used to infer groundwater age and climate during recharge. Flow regimes within low-velocity flowpaths and long residence times could allow an aquitard-aquifer diffusive flux to alter isotope abundance. Consequently, the diffusion of isotopes (e.g., 14C, 2H and 18O) between aquifers and confining layers needs to be considered in such conditions. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to determine if diffusion of 18O (and 2H by proxy) from a bounding aquitard could explain …
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Denali fault (DF) in south-central Alaska is a major right lateral strike-slip fault that parallels the Alaska Range for much of its length. This fault represents the largest seismogenic source for interior Alaska but due to its remote location and difficulty of access, a dearth of paleoearthquake (PEQ) information exists for this important feature. The fault system is over 1200 km in length and identification of paleoseismic sites that preserve more that 2-3 PEQs has proven challenging. In 2012 and 2015, we developed the ‘Dead Mouse’ site, which provides the first long PEQ record west of the 2002 rupture …
Dating Deformation In The Palmer Zone Of Transpression, Central Massachusetts: Temporal Constraints On Models For Progressive Deformation In The Middle Crust, James K. Mcculla
Dating Deformation In The Palmer Zone Of Transpression, Central Massachusetts: Temporal Constraints On Models For Progressive Deformation In The Middle Crust, James K. Mcculla
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Palmer Zone of Transpression (PZoT) in the Bronson Hill zone of central Massachusetts is an expression of late Paleozoic oblique convergence between Avalonia and Laurentia. The steeply W-dipping, N-S trending PZoT is defined by bounding high strain zones (Mt. Dumplin on west, Central Maine and Conant Brook on east) of opposing shear sense enclosing the Monson orthogneiss. Research was designed to establish the timing of deformation to test the hypothesis that strain in transpressional systems occurs contemporaneously. An understanding of the timing of deformation in this zone could elucidate the mechanisms that formed the zone and contribute to a …
Integrated Geophysical Methods In Investigation Of Claiborne Aquifer Hydrostratigraphy, Jackson Purchase, Kentucky, Marie Cooper
Integrated Geophysical Methods In Investigation Of Claiborne Aquifer Hydrostratigraphy, Jackson Purchase, Kentucky, Marie Cooper
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Increased groundwater withdrawals associated with agricultural irrigation in the Jackson Purchase have prompted questions related to groundwater availability and sustainability. Key factors in addressing these questions are understanding the extent and variation in thickness of the local hydrostratigraphic system, which is the upper part of the Mississippi Embayment aquifer system. Correlations of 70 gamma-ray well logs, and 49 resistivity logs were made across parts of the Jackson Purchase in Fulton and Hickman Counties in order to delineate the upper Claiborne aquifer and middle Claiborne confining unit. Commercial software (i.e. Petra 3.8.3) was used to generate cross sections, structure and isopach …
Spring Responses To Storms And Seasonal Variations In Recharge In The Middle Atlas Region Of Morocco, Brett Andrew Howell
Spring Responses To Storms And Seasonal Variations In Recharge In The Middle Atlas Region Of Morocco, Brett Andrew Howell
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Springs in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco are significant sources for public water supply. From March 2014 to May 2015, water temperatures were measured hourly at three springs (Ribaa, Sidi Rached, and Zerouka); water levels were measured hourly at Sidi Rached and Zerouka; and daily turbidity data were obtained from Ribaa. From March 2014 to March 2015, daily water samples were taken at Zerouka for analyses of the stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18. Hourly weather data (precipitation and air temperature) were available from March 2014 to May 2015 from Ifrane, near Zerouka. Temperature responses varied between the springs, showing …