Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Remote Analysis Of Grain Size Characteristic In Submarine Pyroclastic Deposits From Kolumbo Volcano, Greece, C. Smart, D. P. Whitesell, C. Roman, S. Carey

Christopher N. Roman

Grain size characteristics of pyroclastic deposits provide valuable information about source eruption energetics and depositional processes. Maximum size and sorting are often used to discriminate between fallout and sediment gravity flow processes during explosive eruptions. In the submarine environment the collection of such data in thick pyroclastic sequences is extremely challenging and potentially time consuming. A method has been developed to extract grain size information from stereo images collected by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). In the summer of 2010 the ROV Hercules collected a suite of stereo images from a thick pumice sequence in the caldera walls of Kolumbo …

Erasing Boundaries: Global Resource Sharing In The 21st Century, Robert A. Seal

Robert A Seal

Academic libraries have long been accustomed to participating in cooperative ventures with neighboring institutions as well as with those in other regions of their country. In large part, such activities have grown out of a desire to reduce or control costs, as well as to provide users with a broader base of materials for research, study, and teaching. Because not even a well-developed national library is able to fulfill all its users' needs all the time, today's university libraries must depend upon one another to fulfill those needs. For many decades, the resource sharing tradition has been particularly strong among …

The Effects Of Evapotranspiration Upon Recharge Using The Stable Isotopes Of Oxygen And Hydrogen In The Carbonate Aquifers Of The Cumberland Plateau In Southeast Kentucky, Lee J. Florea

Lee J Florea, PhD, P.G.

In this brief manuscript, we consider the variation of the stable isotopes of oxygen, δ18O, and hydrogen, δ2H, in samples collected during 2010 and 2011 from precipitation and shallow groundwater along the Cumberland Plateau of southeast Kentucky. These data from the 1,900-ha Redmond Creek karst aquifer lend insight into the source and timing of recharge to shallow groundwater in the epigenic karst of the U.S midcontinent. Specifically, we find that only 43% of precipitation remains as potential recharge after accounting for evapotranspiration, and 85% of this potential recharge occurs during only four two-week sampling periods. The isotopic composition of precipitation …

Determining Nutrient And Sediment Critical Source Areas With Swat: Effect Of Lumped Calibration, Ruoyu Wang

Ruoyu Wang

Thermal Fluid And Fault Interactions At The Intersection Of Two Faults, Agua Caliente, California, Rebekah Wood, James Evans

Rebekah Wood

Agua Caliente Springs lies at a unique intersection between the NNW-trending Elsinore fault and the 40° northeast-dipping, likely inactive West Salton detachment fault; it provides an opportunity to study damage zone geometry, fault behavior in crystalline rocks, a left-stepover, microseismicity, and the influence of thermal fluids on rock deformation. The Elsinore fault bounds the northwestern flank of the Tierra Blanca Mountains with strike-slip and normal motion; the detachment fault wraps around the northernmost portion of the mountains. Damage along the Elsinore ranges in thickness from a narrow slip plane to > 100 m along the eastern flank of the Tierra Blanca …

Thermal Fluid And Fault Interactions At The Intersection Of Two Faults, Agua Caliente, California, Rebekah Wood, James P. Evans

Rebekah Wood

No abstract provided.

Importance Of Soil Texture To Vineyard Management, Thomas J. Rice

Thomas J. Rice

No abstract provided.

Interpretation Of Rayleigh-Wave Ellipticity Observed With Multicomponent Passive Seismic Interferometry At Hekla Volcano, Iceland, Matthew M. Haney, Andrew Nies, Tim Masterlark, Sarah Needy, Rikke Pedersen

Matthew M. Haney

The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull has drawn increased attention to Iceland’s Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) due to the threat it poses to the heavily used air-traffic corridors of the northern Atlantic Ocean. Within the EVZ, Hekla is historically one of the most active volcanoes and has exhibited a decadal eruption pattern for the past 40 years. Hekla most recently erupted in 2000 and is thus ripe for another decadal eruption. Because Hekla is generally aseismic, except for a brief time period (hours) leading up to an eruption, monitoring has previously depended on precursory deformation signals (Linde et al., 1993). As …

Iron Geochemical Zonation In A Tidally Inundated Acid Sulfate Soil Wetland, Scott G. Johnston, Annabelle F. Keene, Richard T. Bush, Edward D. Burton, Leigh A. Sullivan, Lloyd S. Isaacson, Angus E. Mcelnea, Colin R. Ahern, C Douglas Smith, Bernard Powell

Professor Edward D Burton

Tidal inundation is a new technique for remediating coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS). Here, we examine the effects of this technique on the geochemical zonation and cycling of Fe across a tidally inundated CASS toposequence, by investigating toposequence hydrology, in situ porewater geochemistry, solid-phase Fe fractions and Fe mineralogy. Interactions between topography and tides exerted a fundamental hydrological control on the geochemical zonation, redistribution and subsequent mineralogical transformations of Fe within the landscape. Reductive dissolution of Fe(III) minerals, including jarosite (KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6), resulted in elevated concentrations of porewater Fe2+ (> 30 mmol L−1) in former sulfuric horizons in the upper-intertidal zone. …

Next Generation Recycling & Waste Reduction: Building On The Success Of Pennsylvania’S 1988 Legislation, John C. Dernbach

John C. Dernbach

The Municipal Waste Planning, Recycling, and Waste Reduction Act (Act 101 of 1988) keeps millions of tons of materials out of landfills every year. It supports a multi-billion dollar industry that provides tens of thousands of jobs. It also probably affects human environmental behavior more than any other statute in state history. And it reduces greenhouse gas emissions at the same time because of the materials and energy that are saved.

Yet the program is now rudderless and drifting. While the Act contains specific goals, those goals have either been met or ignored, and no new goals have been set. …

Effects Of Hyper-Enriched Reactive Fe On Sulfidisation In A Tidally Inundated Acid Sulfate Soil Wetland, Annabelle F. Keene, Scott G. Johnston, Richard T. Bush, Leigh A. Sullivan, Edward D. Burton, Angus E. Mcelnea, Colin R. Ahern, Bernard Powell

Professor Edward D Burton

Solid phase Fe and S fractions were examined in an acid sulfate soil (ASS) wetland undergoing remediation via tidal inundation. Considerable diagenetic enrichment of reactive Fe(III) oxides (HCl- and dithionite-extractable) occurred near the soil surface (0–0.05 m depth), where extremely large concentrations up to 3534 μmol/g accounted for ~90% of the total Fe pool. This major source of reactive Fe exerts a substantial influence on S cycling and the formation, speciation and transformation of reduced inorganic S (RIS) in tidally inundated ASS. Under these geochemical conditions, acid volatile sulfide (AVS; up to 57 μmol/g) and elemental sulfur (S0; up to …

Bedrock Geology Of The East Brookfield 7.5 Min. Quadrangle (Ebq), South-Central Massachusetts: Structural And Petrologic Evidence For The Nature Of Regional Deformation And Kinematics Of The Southern Central Maine Zone, Thomas Bradley Walker

Thomas Bradley Walker

Across-strike shortening from Maine to Connecticut is the most conspicuous orogen-scale feature of the New England Appalachians. Mapping (1:24000) and structural analysis in the EBQ and adjacent quads demonstrate that shortening in the southern Central Maine zone was accommodated by orogen-parallel elongation and orogen-normal flattening and thrusting. Map units are Rangeley Fm. (Sil-Bt-Grt schist and gneiss, Bt-Pl±Grt granofels; thin marble layers); Paxton Fm. (Bt-Pl±Grt granofels; calc-silicate granofels; Bt-Sil-Grt schist); tonalitic Bt orthogneiss (Bt-Pl-Qtz±Grt); migmatitic felsic and mafic gneisses and amphibolite; and leucopegmatites (10-m-scale thickness). Foliations (primarily compositional layering, leucosomes in the plane of flattening, Bt SPO, flattened quartz and feldspar …

Soil Development And Glacial History, West Fork Of Beaver Creek, Uinta Mountains, Utah, Daniel C. Douglass, David M. Mickelson

Daniel Douglass

The dominant mechanisms of soil formation on a sequence of Smiths Fork, Blacks Fork, and Pre–Blacks Fork moraines in West Fork of Beaver Creek, Uinta Mountains, Utah, (equivalent to Pinedale, Bull Lake, and Pre–Bull Lake moraines of the Wind River Range, respectively) are clay translocation (argilluviation), increasing soil redness (rubification), and the accumulation of organic matter (melanization) and silt-sized particles. The quantity of clay-sized particles and degree of soil redness increase with soil age, but clay accumulation may plateau in the oldest soils. In contrast, the quantity of accumulated organic matter and abundance of silt-sized particles do not appear to …

110 Years Of Avipoxvirus In The Galapagos Islands, Robert Ricklefs

Robert Ricklefs

No abstract provided.

110 Years Of Avipoxvirus In The Galapagos Islands, Patricia G. Parker, Elizabeth L. Buckles, Heather L. Farrington, Kenneth Petren, Noah K. Whiteman, Robert E. Ricklefs, Jennifer L. Bollmer, Gustavo Jiménez-Uzcátegui

Patricia Parker

Spatial Distribution Of Commercial Banks In Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria, I B. Abdullahi, M A. Ijaiya, A Abdulraheem, R I. Abdulkadir, R O. Ibrahim

Confluence Journal of Environmental Studies (CJES), Kogi State University, Nigeria

The spatial distribution of banks in any geographic entity determines the level of accessibility to its services by the public. This study examined the pattern of banks distribution in Ilorin metropolis. Field survey was employed in determining the number of available commercial banks and their respective distances between each other. The spatial analysis technique such as the nearest neighbour analysis as used ascertain the degree of clustering, density and the average distance taken to access these services. The study revealed that about 96% of the total number of banks are situated in the Central Business District which exhibited a very …

Identifying The Stream Erosion Potential Of Cave Levels In Carter Cave State Resort Park, Kentucky, Usa, Eric Peterson, Brianne Jacoby, Toby Dogwiler

Eric Wade Peterson

Cave levels, passages found at similar elevations and formed during the same constant stream base level event, reveal information about paleoclimates and karst geomorphology. The investigation presented here examines how Stream Power Index (SPI) relates to cave levels. The study area, Carter Caves State Resort Park (CCSRP), is a fluviokarst system in northeastern Kentucky containing multiple cave levels. SPI deter-mines the erosive power overland flow based on the assumption that flow accumulation and slope are proportional to potential for sediment entrainment. Part of this digital terrain analysis requires the creation of a flow accumulation raster from a digital elevation model …

Energy Efficiency And Conservation: New Legal Tools And Opportunities, John Dernbach, Robert Mckinstry, Darin Lowder

John C. Dernbach

Many new and ambitious energy efficiency and conservation laws are being enacted at all levels of government—and with greater financial incentives than provided previously. These innovations are intended to overcome or minimize market barriers such as principal-agent problems, information and transaction costs, high internal discount rates, and up-front capital needs that discourage cost-saving investments. Innovations such as public-private partnerships also require significant legal input and creativity for the client to reap the often remarkably large energy and cost savings. This article reviews a range of these tools, especially financial legal mechanisms, that could help significantly reduce U.S. energy consumption.

Using Gis To Identify Cave Levels And Discern The Speleogenesis Of The Carter Caves Karst Area, Kentucky, Lara Harlan, Eric Wade Peterson, Toby J. Dogwiler

Eric Wade Peterson

Temporal Stability Of Cave Sediments, Kevin Hughes, Eric Wade Peterson

Eric Wade Peterson

Reverse Logic - Safety Of Spent Nuclear Fuel Disposal, Antti Lempinen, Marianne Silvan-Lempinen

Antti Lempinen

No abstract provided.