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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Remote Sensing Of Soil Moisture Using S-Band Signals Of Opportunity: Model Development And Experimental Validation, Marvin Jesse, Benjamin Nold, James L. Garrison
Remote Sensing Of Soil Moisture Using S-Band Signals Of Opportunity: Model Development And Experimental Validation, Marvin Jesse, Benjamin Nold, James L. Garrison
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is a vital aspect in meteorology, hydrology, and agriculture. There are currently some methods in passive and active remote sensing at L-band, but these methods are limited to a sensing depth of approximately 10 cm. Observing RZSM (water in the top meter of soil) will require lower frequencies, thus presenting significant difficulties for a spaceborne instrument, because of the required antenna size, the presence of radio-frequency interference (RFI), and competition for spectrum allocations (in the case of active radar). Bistatic radar using Signal of Opportunity (SoOp) (e.g. digital satellite transmitters) provides an opportunity for remote …
Remote Sensing Using I-Band And S-Band Signals Of Opportunity, Kadir Efecik, Benjamin R. Nold, James L. Garrison
Remote Sensing Using I-Band And S-Band Signals Of Opportunity, Kadir Efecik, Benjamin R. Nold, James L. Garrison
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Measurement of soil moisture, especially the root zone soil moisture, is important in agriculture, meteorology, and hydrology. Root zone soil moisture is concerned with the first meter down the soil. Active and passive remote sensing methods used today utilizing L-band(1-2GHz) are physically limited to a sensing depth of about 5 cm or less. To remotely sense the soil moisture in the deeper parts of the soil, the frequency should be lowered. Lower frequencies cannot be used in active spaceborne instruments because of their need for larger antennas, radio frequency interference (RFI), and frequency spectrum allocations. Ground-based passive remote sensing using …
Estimating Watershed Residence Times In Artificially-Drained Landscapes And Relation To Nutrient Concentrations, Emma Beck, Lisa Welp, Alexandra L. Meyer
Estimating Watershed Residence Times In Artificially-Drained Landscapes And Relation To Nutrient Concentrations, Emma Beck, Lisa Welp, Alexandra L. Meyer
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Nutrient runoff from agricultural lands feeds harmful algae blooms that create a variety of problems in freshwater ecosystems. In order to reduce the effects of this nutrient runoff, Best Management Practices (BMPs) are being put in place in agricultural lands. Most of these BMPs focus on slowing down the flow of water through the watershed to give nutrient concentrations time to deplete before the water flows to the stream or river. However, the effectiveness of these BMPs are highly unknown and the process of monitoring nutrient runoff is often complex and costly. The data in this study consists of 7 …
Improving The Accuracy For The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-Thia) Model, Anqi Zhang, Lawrence Theller, Bernard A. Engel
Improving The Accuracy For The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-Thia) Model, Anqi Zhang, Lawrence Theller, Bernard A. Engel
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Urbanization increases runoff by changing land use types from less impervious to impervious covers. Improving the accuracy of a runoff assessment model, the Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) Model, can help us to better evaluate the potential uses of Low Impact Development (LID) practices aimed at reducing runoff, as well as to identify appropriate runoff and water quality mitigation methods. Several versions of the model have been built over time, and inconsistencies have been introduced between the models. To improve the accuracy and consistency of the model, the equations and parameters (primarily curve numbers in the case of this model) …
Mobility Characteristics Of Azithromycin In Soil, Ryan Minter, Jihyun Kim, Linda Lee
Mobility Characteristics Of Azithromycin In Soil, Ryan Minter, Jihyun Kim, Linda Lee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a widespread problem in recent decades. Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic commonly prescribed for infections in humans, has been detected in waste treatment plant discharge and surface waters across the world. Data on the mobility characteristics of azithromycin in soil is scarce, and further studies must be performed to explore the potential for azithromycin leaching to groundwater or becoming available for plant uptake. In this study, azithromycin sorption isotherms were measured on eight soils varying in pH, organic carbon content, and clay content. Soil was equilibrated with …
Using P-Band Signals Of Opportunity Radio Waves For Root Zone Soil Moisture Remote Sensing, Phillip H. Lipinski, Benjamin R. Nold, James L. Garrison
Using P-Band Signals Of Opportunity Radio Waves For Root Zone Soil Moisture Remote Sensing, Phillip H. Lipinski, Benjamin R. Nold, James L. Garrison
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Retrieval of Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) is important for understanding the carbon cycle for use in climate change research as well as meteorology, hydrology, and precision agriculture studies. A current method of remote sensing, GNSS-R uses GPS signals to measure soil moisture content and vegetation biomass, but it is limited to 3-5 cm of soil penetration depth. Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) has emerged as an extension of GNSS-R remote sensing using communication signals. P-band communication signals (370 MHz) will be studied as an improved method of remote sensing of RZSM. P-band offers numerous advantages over GNSS-R, including stronger signal …
Particle Swarm Transport In Porous Media, Alison R. Hoe, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
Particle Swarm Transport In Porous Media, Alison R. Hoe, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
In recent years, interest in particulate transport in the subsurface has increased with the increased use of micro-particulates in consumer products. In this research, we study particulate swarm transport through porous media that depends on the complexity of the flow paths, on the size and shape of the particles and on the physical interactions among the particles, fluids, and matrix. Specifically, we investigate the effect of pore geometry and grain wettability on swarm evolution under gravity. Swarms were composed of 3 micron polystyrene beads in either water or water with KCL (%). Two types of grains are used to simulate …
Quantifying Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions In Tributaries To The Wabash River Using Radon‐222 And Other Environmental Isotopes, Philine Bogeholz, Marty Frisbee
Quantifying Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions In Tributaries To The Wabash River Using Radon‐222 And Other Environmental Isotopes, Philine Bogeholz, Marty Frisbee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Groundwater/surface-water interactions have not been extensively studied in tile-drained watersheds where natural recharge processes are “short circuited” by routing water out of the soil-zone and into nearby drainage ditches. This practice likely impacts baseflow generation in the Wabash River of Indiana. If true, then how is baseflow affected in small tributaries to the Wabash? To answer this question, we investigated groundwater/surface-water interactions in four small tributary drainages to the Wabash River and Sugar Creek. These drainages share common geologic characteristics and are deeply incised providing a window into groundwater flow processes. We sampled these drainages for general geochemistry, radon-222 ( …
Cosmogenic Radionuclides In Ice Cores From West Antarctica, Zhijie Chen, Thomas Edward Woodruff, Marc W. Caffee
Cosmogenic Radionuclides In Ice Cores From West Antarctica, Zhijie Chen, Thomas Edward Woodruff, Marc W. Caffee
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Cosmogenic nuclides such as 10Be and 26Al are formed in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and come down to the ground through snow which became ice in Antarctica. The concentrations of 10Be and 26Al in ice cores can reveal important information about climate change, solar activity and geomagnetic change in the past. They can also be used to date very old ice. Since there is very little 26Al in the ice, its actual concentration is poorly known and the measured results don’t agree with each other. My research is focused on the measurement of the …
Earth History Visualization System, Xinjie Lei, James G. Ogg
Earth History Visualization System, Xinjie Lei, James G. Ogg
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Time Scale Creator (TSCreator), a geological chart generator, displays any portion of Earth history including chemo- magneto-, and other aspects. TSCreator is used by many universities, petroleum companies, and international geological surveys. In order to improve the quality of Time Scale Creator, tools were developed to provide users with more friendly graphical user interfaces (GUIs), accurate scaling of specific isotope, internationalization of data input and output, and smart depth scaling in wells to age conversion. To implement such tools, research for algorithm and common methods was basically done by searching articles online and reading posts on forums for Java developers. …
Three-Dimensional Deformable Pore Networks, Jack W. Conrad, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
Three-Dimensional Deformable Pore Networks, Jack W. Conrad, Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Porous structures in materials play a part in many areas of research and development. A couple of examples of this are extraction of water through aquifers and oil through fracking processes. Current understanding of the small scale fluid-fluid interactions in the structure of these porous materials stops at data of the two dimensional interface between the two fluids. This experiment aimed to create three dimensional, transparent, deformable micro-models which are expected allow us to obtain three dimensional data sets of the capillary pressure–saturation–interfacial area per volume relationship. The micro-models were synthesized using a grain deposition technique. Grains were formed using …