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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Framework For Video Analytics, Tian Zhou
An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Framework For Video Analytics, Tian Zhou
Doctoral Dissertations
With the proliferation of video content from surveillance cameras, social media, and live streaming services, the need for efficient video analytics has grown immensely. In recent years, machine learning based computer vision algorithms have shown great success in various video analytic tasks. Specifically, neural network models have dominated in visual tasks such as image and video classification, object recognition, object detection, and object tracking. However, compared with classic computer vision algorithms, machine learning based methods are usually much more compute-intensive. Powerful servers are required by many state-of-the-art machine learning models. With the development of cloud computing infrastructures, people are able …
Improving The Programmability Of Networked Energy Systems, Noman Bashir
Improving The Programmability Of Networked Energy Systems, Noman Bashir
Doctoral Dissertations
Global warming and climate change have underscored the need for designing sustainable energy systems. Sustainable energy systems, e.g., smart grids, green data centers, differ from the traditional systems in significant ways and present unique challenges to system designers and operators. First, intermittent renewable energy resources power these systems, which break the notion of infinite, reliable, and controllable power supply. Second, these systems come in varying sizes, spanning over large geographical regions. The control of these dispersed and diverse systems raises scalability challenges. Third, the performance modeling and fault detection in sustainable energy systems is still an active research area. Finally, …
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Design And Implementation Of Path Finding And Verification In The Internet, Hao Cai
Doctoral Dissertations
In the Internet, network traffic between endpoints typically follows one path that is determined by the control plane. Endpoints have little control over the choice of which path their network traffic takes and little ability to verify if the traffic indeed follows a specific path. With the emergence of software-defined networking (SDN), more control over connections can be exercised, and thus the opportunity for novel solutions exists. However, there remain concerns about the attack surface exposed by fine-grained control, which may allow attackers to inject and redirect traffic. To address these opportunities and concerns, we consider two specific challenges: (1) …
A Parallel Direct Method For Finite Element Electromagnetic Computations Based On Domain Decomposition, Javad Moshfegh
A Parallel Direct Method For Finite Element Electromagnetic Computations Based On Domain Decomposition, Javad Moshfegh
Doctoral Dissertations
High performance parallel computing and direct (factorization-based) solution methods have been the two main trends in electromagnetic computations in recent years. When time-harmonic (frequency-domain) Maxwell's equation are directly discretized with the Finite Element Method (FEM) or other Partial Differential Equation (PDE) methods, the resulting linear system of equations is sparse and indefinite, thus harder to efficiently factorize serially or in parallel than alternative methods e.g. integral equation solutions, that result in dense linear systems. State-of-the-art sparse matrix direct solvers such as MUMPS and PARDISO don't scale favorably, have low parallel efficiency and high memory footprint. This work introduces a new …
Cmos Compatible Memristor Networks For Brain-Inspired Computing, Can Li
Cmos Compatible Memristor Networks For Brain-Inspired Computing, Can Li
Doctoral Dissertations
In the past decades, the computing capability has shown an exponential growth trend, which is observed as Moore’s law. However, this growth speed is slowing down in recent years mostly because the down-scaled size of transistors is approaching their physical limit. On the other hand, recent advances in software, especially in big data analysis and artificial intelligence, call for a break-through in computing hardware. The memristor, or the resistive switching device, is believed to be a potential building block of the future generation of integrated circuits. The underlying mechanism of this device is different from that of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) …
Hybrid Black-Box Solar Analytics And Their Privacy Implications, Dong Chen
Hybrid Black-Box Solar Analytics And Their Privacy Implications, Dong Chen
Doctoral Dissertations
The aggregate solar capacity in the U.S. is rising rapidly due to continuing decreases in the cost of solar modules. For example, the installed cost per Watt (W) for residential photovoltaics (PVs) decreased by 6X from 2009 to 2018 (from $8/W to $1.2/W), resulting in the installed aggregate solar capacity increasing 128X from 2009 to 2018 (from 435 megawatts to 55.9 gigawatts). This increasing solar capacity is imposing operational challenges on utilities in balancing electricity's real-time supply and demand, as solar generation is more stochastic and less predictable than aggregate demand. To address this problem, both academia and utilities have …
Adaft: A Resource-Efficient Framework For Adaptive Fault-Tolerance In Cyber-Physical Systems, Ye Xu
Adaft: A Resource-Efficient Framework For Adaptive Fault-Tolerance In Cyber-Physical Systems, Ye Xu
Doctoral Dissertations
Cyber-physical systems frequently have to use massive redundancy to meet application requirements for high reliability. While such redundancy is required, it can be activated adaptively, based on the current state of the controlled plant. Most of the time the physical plant is in a state that allows for a lower level of fault-tolerance. Avoiding the continuous deployment of massive fault-tolerance will greatly reduce the workload of CPSs. In this dissertation, we demonstrate a software simulation framework (AdaFT) that can automatically generate the sub-spaces within which our adaptive fault-tolerance can be applied. We also show the theoretical benefits of AdaFT, and …
Design And Implementation Of An Economy Plane For The Internet, Xinming Chen
Design And Implementation Of An Economy Plane For The Internet, Xinming Chen
Doctoral Dissertations
The Internet has been very successful in supporting many network applications. As the diversity of uses for the Internet has increased, many protocols and services have been developed by the industry and the research community. However, many of them failed to get deployed in the Internet. One challenge of deploying these novel ideas in operational network is that the network providers need to be involved in the process. Many novel network protocols and services, like multicast and end-to-end QoS, need the support from network providers. However, since network providers are typically driven by business reasons, if they can not get …
Reliable And Efficient Multithreading, Tongping Liu
Reliable And Efficient Multithreading, Tongping Liu
Doctoral Dissertations
The advent of multicore architecture has increased the demand for multithreaded programs. It is notoriously far more challenging to write parallel programs correctly and efficiently than sequential ones because of the wide range of concurrency errors and performance problems. In this thesis, I developed a series of runtime systems and tools to combat concurrency errors and performance problems of multithreaded programs. The first system, Dthreads, automatically ensures determinism for unmodified C/C++ applications using the pthreads library without requiring programmer intervention and hardware support. Dthreads greatly simplifies the understanding and debugging of multithreaded programs. Dthreads often matches or even exceeds the …