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Articles 1 - 30 of 287
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Data For The Review Of Gamified Fitness Tracker Apps, Aatish Neupane, Derek Hansen, Anud Sharma, Jerry Alan Fails
Data For The Review Of Gamified Fitness Tracker Apps, Aatish Neupane, Derek Hansen, Anud Sharma, Jerry Alan Fails
ScholarsArchive Data
This is a supplemental dataset to a paper that reviews 103 gamified fitness tracker apps and analyzes the presence and usage of various game elements. This dataset contains the list of those apps that were reviewed. It also contains the coding that represents the presence of difference game elements.
The Human Touch: How Non-Expert Users Perceive, Interpret, And Fix Topic Models, Tak Yeon Lee, Alison Smith, Kevin Seppi, Niklas Elmqvist, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Leah Findlater
The Human Touch: How Non-Expert Users Perceive, Interpret, And Fix Topic Models, Tak Yeon Lee, Alison Smith, Kevin Seppi, Niklas Elmqvist, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Leah Findlater
Faculty Publications
Topic modeling is a common tool for understanding large bodies of text, but is typically provided as a “take it or leave it” proposition. Incorporating human knowledge in unsupervised learning is a promising approach to create high-quality topic models. Existing interactive systems and modeling algorithms support a wide range of refinement operations to express feedback. However, these systems’ interactions are primarily driven by algorithmic convenience, ignoring users who may lack expertise in topic modeling. To better understand how non-expert users understand, assess, and refine topics, we conducted two user studies—an in-person interview study and an online crowdsourced study. These studies …
A Distributed Control Algorithm For Small Swarms In Cordon And Patrol, C Kristopher Alder
A Distributed Control Algorithm For Small Swarms In Cordon And Patrol, C Kristopher Alder
Student Works
Distributed teams of air and ground robots have the potential to be very useful in a variety of application domains, and much work is being done to design distributed algorithms that produce useful behaviors. This thesis presents a set of distributed algorithms that operate under minimal human input for patrol and cordon tasks. The algorithms allow the team to surround and travel between objects of interest. Empirical analyses indicate that the surrounding behaviors are robust to variations on the shape of the object of interest, communication loss, and robot failures.
How Well Does Multiple Ocr Error Correction Generalize?, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger, Daniel D. Walker
How Well Does Multiple Ocr Error Correction Generalize?, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger, Daniel D. Walker
Faculty Publications
As the digitization of historical documents, such as newspapers, becomes more common, the need of the archive patron for accurate digital text from those documents increases. Building on our earlier work, the contributions of this paper are: 1. in demonstrating the applicability of novel methods for correcting optical character recognition (OCR) on disparate data sets, including a new synthetic training set, 2. enhancing the correction algorithm with novel features, and 3. assessing the data requirements of the correction learning method. First, we correct errors using conditional random fields (CRF) trained on synthetic training data sets in order to demonstrate the …
Building An Access Database For Cookstove Research, Margaret L. Weddle
Building An Access Database For Cookstove Research, Margaret L. Weddle
Student Works
This paper takes the reader through the thought process and actual instructions to create your own Microsoft Access database, or how to use the one provided with this paper. Also, instructions to use the HBLL resources of Compendex and RefWorks are covered. While this work was built specifically for Cookstoves research, it could be adapted to any research where you would need to maintain a record of the journal articles that you are using. It has been discovered that building a database is a time consuming and difficult work, but once done, Access provides an easy way to work with …
Computer Aided Geometric Design, Thomas W. Sederberg
Computer Aided Geometric Design, Thomas W. Sederberg
Faculty Publications
This semester is the twenty-fourth time I have taught a course at Brigham Young University titled, "Computer Aided Geometric Design." When I first taught such a course in 1983, the field was young enough that no textbook covered everything that I wanted to teach, and so these notes evolved. The field now has matured to the point that several semesters worth of valuable material could be compiled. These notes, admittedly biased towards my own interests, reflect my personal preferences as to which of that material is most beneficial to students in an introductory course. I welcome anyone who has an …
A Synthetic Document Image Dataset For Developing And Evaluating Historical Document Processing Methods, Daniel Walker, William Lund, Eric Ringger
A Synthetic Document Image Dataset For Developing And Evaluating Historical Document Processing Methods, Daniel Walker, William Lund, Eric Ringger
Faculty Publications
Document images accompanied by OCR output text and ground truth transcriptions are useful for developing and evaluating document recognition and processing methods, especially for historical document images. Additionally, research into improving the performance of such methods often requires further annotation of training and test data (e.g., topical document labels). However, transcribing and labeling historical documents is expensive. As a result, existing real-world document image datasets with such accompanying resources are rare and often relatively small. We introduce synthetic document image datasets of varying levels of noise that have been created from standard (English) text corpora using an existing document degradation …
A Speculative Approach To Parallelization In Particle Swarm Optimization, Matthew Gardner, Andrew Mcnabb, Kevin Seppi
A Speculative Approach To Parallelization In Particle Swarm Optimization, Matthew Gardner, Andrew Mcnabb, Kevin Seppi
Faculty Publications
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has previously been parallelized primarily by distributing the computation corresponding to particles across multiple processors. In these approaches, the only benefit of additional processors is an increased swarm size. However, in many cases this is not efficient when scaled to very large swarm sizes (on very large clusters). Current methods cannot answer well the question: “How can 1000 processors be fully utilized when 50 or 100 particles is the most efficient swarm size?” In this paper we attempt to answer that question with a speculative approach to the parallelization of PSO that we refer to as …
Detailed Requirements For Robots In Autism Therapy, Alan Atherton, Bonnie Brinton, Mark Colton, Nicole Giullian, Michael A. Goodrich, Daniel Ricks
Detailed Requirements For Robots In Autism Therapy, Alan Atherton, Bonnie Brinton, Mark Colton, Nicole Giullian, Michael A. Goodrich, Daniel Ricks
Faculty Publications
Robot-based autism therapy is a rapidly developing area of research, with a wide variety of robots being developed for use in clinical settings. Specific, detailed requirements for robots and user interfaces are needed to provide guidelines for the creation of robots that more effectively assist therapists in autism therapy. This paper enumerates a set of requirements for a clinical humanoid robot and the associated human interface. The design of two humanoid robots and an intuitive and flexible user interface for use by therapists in the treatment of children with autism are described.
Beyond Robot Fan-Out: Towards Multi-Operator Supervisory Control, Michael A. Goodrich, Yisong Guo, Jonathan M. Whetten
Beyond Robot Fan-Out: Towards Multi-Operator Supervisory Control, Michael A. Goodrich, Yisong Guo, Jonathan M. Whetten
Faculty Publications
This paper explores multi-operator supervisory control (MOSC) of multiple independent robots using two complementary approaches: a human factors experiment and an agent-based simulation. The experiment identifies two task and environment limitations on MOSC: task saturation and task diffusion. It also identifies the correlation between task specialization and performance, and the possible existence of untapped spare capacity that emerges when multiple operators coordinate. The presence of untapped spare capacity is explored using agent-based simulation, resulting in evidence which suggests that operators may be more effective when they operate at less than maximum capacity.
Supporting Wilderness Search And Rescue With Integrated Intelligence: Autonomy And Information At The Right Time And The Right Place, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin, Bryan S. Morse, Michael Roscheck
Supporting Wilderness Search And Rescue With Integrated Intelligence: Autonomy And Information At The Right Time And The Right Place, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin, Bryan S. Morse, Michael Roscheck
Faculty Publications
Current practice in Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) is analogous to an intelligent system designed to gather and analyze information to find missing persons in remote areas. The system consists of multiple parts — various tools for information management (maps, GPS, etc) distributed across personnel with different skills and responsibilities. Introducing a camera-equipped mini-UAV into this task requires autonomy and information technology that itself is an integrated intelligent system to be used by a sub-team that must be integrated into the overall intelligent system. In this paper, we identify key elements of the integration challenges along two dimensions: (a) attributes …
On The Use Of Cartographic Projections In Visualizing Phylogenetic Treespace, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, Kenneth Sundberg
On The Use Of Cartographic Projections In Visualizing Phylogenetic Treespace, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, Kenneth Sundberg
Faculty Publications
Phylogenetic analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool for biological research. Applications include epidemiological studies, drug development, and evolutionary analysis. Phylogenetic search is a known NP-Hard problem. The size of the data sets which can be analyzed is limited by the exponential growth in the number of trees that must be considered as the problem size increases. A better understanding of the problem space could lead to better methods, which in turn could lead to the feasible analysis of more data sets. We present a definition of phylogenetic tree space and a visualization of this space that shows significant exploitable …
Geodesic Graph Cut For Interactive Image Segmentation, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Geodesic Graph Cut For Interactive Image Segmentation, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Faculty Publications
Interactive segmentation is useful for selecting objects of interest in images and continues to be a topic of much study. Methods that grow regions from foreground/background seeds, such as the recent geodesic segmentation approach, avoid the boundary-length bias of graph-cut methods but have their own bias towards minimizing paths to the seeds, resulting in increased sensitivity to seed placement. The lack of edge modeling in geodesic or similar approaches limits their ability to precisely localize object boundaries, something at which graph-cut methods generally excel. This paper presents a method for combining geodesicdistance information with edge information in a graphcut optimization …
Parallel Active Learning: Eliminating Wait Time With Minimal Staleness, Paul Felt, Robbie Haertel, Eric K. Ringger, Kevin Seppi
Parallel Active Learning: Eliminating Wait Time With Minimal Staleness, Paul Felt, Robbie Haertel, Eric K. Ringger, Kevin Seppi
Faculty Publications
A practical concern for Active Learning (AL) is the amount of time human experts must wait for the next instance to label. We propose a method for eliminating this wait time independent of specific learning and scoring algorithms by making scores always available for all instances, using old (stale) scores when necessary. The time during which the expert is annotating is used to train models and score instances–in parallel–to maximize the recency of the scores. Our method can be seen as a parameterless, dynamic batch AL algorithm. We analyze the amount of staleness introduced by various AL schemes and then …
Simultaneous Foreground, Background, And Alpha Estimation For Image Matting, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Simultaneous Foreground, Background, And Alpha Estimation For Image Matting, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Faculty Publications
Image matting is the process of extracting a soft segmentation of an object in an image as defined by the matting equation. Most current techniques focus largely on computing the alpha values of unknown pixels and treat computation of the foreground and background colors as an afterthought, if at all. However, for many applications, such as compositing an object into a new scene or deleting an object from the scene, the foreground and background colors are vital for an acceptable answer. We propose a method of solving for the foreground, background, and alpha of an unknown region in an image …
Uav Video Coverage Quality Maps And Prioritized Indexing For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Cameron Engh, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse
Uav Video Coverage Quality Maps And Prioritized Indexing For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Cameron Engh, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse
Faculty Publications
Video-equipped mini unmanned aerial vehicles (mini-UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular for surveillance, remote sensing, law enforcement, and search and rescue operations, all of which rely on thorough coverage of a target observation area. However, coverage is not simply a matter of seeing the area (visibility) but of seeing it well enough to allow detection of targets of interest, a quality we here call “see-ability”. Video flashlights, mosaics, or other geospatial compositions of the video may help place the video in context and convey that an area was observed, but not necessarily how well or how often. This paper presents a …
Directable Weathering Of Concave Rock Using Curvature Estimation, Matthew Beardall, Joseph Butler, Mckay Farley, Michael D. Jones
Directable Weathering Of Concave Rock Using Curvature Estimation, Matthew Beardall, Joseph Butler, Mckay Farley, Michael D. Jones
Faculty Publications
We address the problem of directable weathering of exposed concave rock for use in computer-generated animation or games. Previous weathering models that admit concave surfaces are computationally inefficient and difficult to control. In nature, the spheroidal and cavernous weathering rates depend on the surface curvature. Spheroidal weathering is fastest in areas with large positive mean curvature and cavernous weathering is fastest in areas with large negative mean curvature. We simulate both processes using an approximation of mean curvature on a voxel grid. Both weathering rates are also influenced by rock durability. The user controls rock durability by editing a durability …
Evaluating Models Of Latent Document Semantics In The Presence Of Ocr Errors, Daniel D. Walker, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger
Evaluating Models Of Latent Document Semantics In The Presence Of Ocr Errors, Daniel D. Walker, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger
Faculty Publications
Models of latent document semantics such as the mixture of multinomials model and Latent Dirichlet Allocation have received substantial attention for their ability to discover topical semantics in large collections of text. In an effort to apply such models to noisy optical character recognition (OCR) text output, we endeavor to understand the effect that character-level noise can have on unsupervised topic modeling. We show the effects both with document-level topic analysis (document clustering) and with word-level topic analysis (LDA) on both synthetic and real-world OCR data. As expected, experimental results show that performance declines as word error rates increase. Common …
Automatic Generation Of Music For Inducing Emotive Response, Tony R. Martinez, Kristine Monteith, Dan A. Ventura
Automatic Generation Of Music For Inducing Emotive Response, Tony R. Martinez, Kristine Monteith, Dan A. Ventura
Faculty Publications
We present a system that generates original music designed to match a target emotion. It creates n-gram models, Hidden Markov Models, and other statistical distributions based on musical selections from a corpus representing a given emotion and uses these models to probabilistically generate new musical selections with similar emotional content. This system produces unique and often remarkably musical selections that tend to match a target emotion, performing this task at a level that approaches human competency for the same task.
Fused Visible And Infrared Video For Use In Wilderness Search And Rescue, Dennis Eggett, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse, Nathan Rasmussen
Fused Visible And Infrared Video For Use In Wilderness Search And Rescue, Dennis Eggett, Michael A. Goodrich, Bryan S. Morse, Nathan Rasmussen
Faculty Publications
Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (mUAVs) have the potential to assist Wilderness Search and Rescue groups by providing a bird’s eye view of the search area. This paper proposes a method for augmenting visible-spectrum searching with infrared sensing in order to make use of thermal search clues. It details a method for combining the color and heat information from these two modalities into a single fused display to reduce needed screen space for remote field use. To align the video frames for fusion, a method for simultaneously pre-calibrating the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras and their mount using a …
Gpu-Accelerated Hierarchical Dense Correspondence For Real-Time Aerial Video Processing, Stephen Cluff, Bryan S. Morse, Jonathan D. Cohen, Mark Duchaineau
Gpu-Accelerated Hierarchical Dense Correspondence For Real-Time Aerial Video Processing, Stephen Cluff, Bryan S. Morse, Jonathan D. Cohen, Mark Duchaineau
Faculty Publications
Video from aerial surveillance can provide a rich source of data for many applications and can be enhanced for display and analysis through such methods as mosaic construction, super-resolution, and mover detection. All of these methods require accurate frame-to-frame registration, which for live use must be performed in real time. In many situations, scene parallax may make alignment using global transformations impossible or error-prone, limiting the performance of subsequent processing and applications. For these cases, dense (per-pixel) correspondence is required, but this can be computationally prohibitive. This paper presents a hierarchical dense correspondence algorithm designed for implementation on graphics processing …
Classifying Sentence-Based Summaries Of Web Documents, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Classifying Sentence-Based Summaries Of Web Documents, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Faculty Publications
Text classification categorizes Web documents in large collections into predefined classes based on their contents. Unfortunately, the classification process can be time-consuming and users are still required to spend considerable amount of time scanning through the classified Web documents to identify the ones that satisfy their information needs. In solving this problem, we first introduce CorSum, an extractive single-document summarization approach, which is simple and effective in performing the summarization task, since it only relies on word similarity to generate high-quality summaries. Hereafter, we train a Naïve Bayes classifier on CorSum-generated summaries and verify the classification accuracy using the summaries …
Chemalign: Biologically Relevant Multiple Sequence Alignment Using Physicochemical Properties, Hyrum Carroll, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, David Mcclellan
Chemalign: Biologically Relevant Multiple Sequence Alignment Using Physicochemical Properties, Hyrum Carroll, Mark J. Clement, Quinn O. Snell, David Mcclellan
Faculty Publications
We present a new algorithm, ChemAlign, that uses physicochemical properties and secondary structure elements to create biologically relevant multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). Additionally, we introduce the Physicochemical Property Difference (PPD) score for the evaluation of MSAs. This score is the normalized difference of physicochemical property values between a calculated and a reference alignment. It takes a step beyond sequence similarity and measures characteristics of the amino acids to provide a more biologically relevant metric. ChemAlign is able to produce more biologically correct alignments and can help to identify potential drug docking sites.
Mcc: A Runtime Verification Tool For Mcapi User Applications, Eric G. Mercer, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Jim Holt, Subodh Sharma
Mcc: A Runtime Verification Tool For Mcapi User Applications, Eric G. Mercer, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Jim Holt, Subodh Sharma
Faculty Publications
We present a dynamic verification tool MCC for Multicore Communication API applications – a new API for communication among cores. MCC systematically explores all relevant interleavings of an MCAPI application using a tailormade dynamic partial order reduction algorithm (DPOR). Our contributions are (i) a way to model the non-overtaking message matching relation underlying MCAPI calls with a high level algorithm to effect DPOR for MCAPI that controls the lower level details so that the intended executions happen at runtime; and (ii) a list of default safety properties that can be utilized in the process of verification. To our knowledge, this …
Uav Intelligent Path Planning For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin
Uav Intelligent Path Planning For Wilderness Search And Rescue, Michael A. Goodrich, Lanny Lin
Faculty Publications
In the priority search phase of Wilderness Search and Rescue, a probability distribution map is created. Areas with higher probabilities are searched first in order to find the missing person in the shortest expected time. When using a UAV to support search, the onboard video camera should cover as much of the important areas as possible within a set time. We explore several algorithms (with and without set destination) and describe some novel techniques in solving this problem and compare their performances against typical WiSAR scenarios. This problem is NP-hard, but our algorithms yield high quality solutions that approximate the …
Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich
Versatile Reactive Navigation, Robert P. Burton, Luther A. Tychonievich, Louis P. Tychonievich
Faculty Publications
Most autonomous mobile agents operate in a highly constrained environment. Despite significant research, existing solutions are limited in their ability to handle heterogeneous constraints within highly dynamic or uncertain environments. This paper presents a novel maneuver selection technique suited for both 2D and 3D environments with highly dynamic maneuvering constraints and multiple mobile obstacles. Agents may have any arbitrary set of nonholonomic control variables; maneuvers can be constrained by a broad class of function inequalities, including time-dependent constraints involving nonlinear relationships between controlled and agent-state variables. The resulting algorithm has been implemented to run in real time using only a …
Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Livecut: Learning-Based Interactive Video Segmentation By Evaluation Of Multiple Propagated Cues, Bryan S. Morse, Brian L. Price, Scott Cohen
Faculty Publications
Video sequences contain many cues that may be used to segment objects in them, such as color, gradient, color adjacency, shape, temporal coherence, camera and object motion, and easily-trackable points. This paper introduces LIVEcut, a novel method for interactively selecting objects in video sequences by extracting and leveraging as much of this information as possible. Using a graph-cut optimization framework, LIVEcut propagates the selection forward frame by frame, allowing the user to correct any mistakes along the way if needed. Enhanced methods of extracting many of the features are provided. In order to use the most accurate information from the …
Reducing Source Load In Bittorrent, Brian Sanderson, Daniel Zappala
Reducing Source Load In Bittorrent, Brian Sanderson, Daniel Zappala
Faculty Publications
One of the main goals of BitTorrent is to reduce load on web servers by encouraging clients to share content between themselves. However, BitTorrent’s current design relies heavily on the original source to serve a disproportionate amount of the file. We modify standard BitTorrent software so that a source determines the current popularity of each of the blocks of a file and tries to serve only those blocks that are rare. Using extensive PlanetLab experiments, we show that this modification can save a significant amount of the source’s upload bandwidth, with the tradeoff of some increased peer download time. In …
A Sophisticated Library Search Strategy Using Folksonomies And Similarity Matching, William Lund, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
A Sophisticated Library Search Strategy Using Folksonomies And Similarity Matching, William Lund, Yiu-Kai D. Ng, Maria Soledad Pera
Faculty Publications
Libraries, private and public, offer valuable resources to library patrons. As of today the only way to locate information archived exclusively in libraries is through their catalogs. Library patrons, however, often find it difficult to formulate a proper query, which requires using specific keywords assigned to different fields of desired library catalog records, to obtain relevant results. These improperly formulated queries often yield irrelevant results or no results at all. This negative experience in dealing with existing library systems turn library patrons away from library catalogs; instead, they rely on Web search engines to perform their searches first and upon …
Music Recommendation And Query-By-Content Using Self-Organizing Maps, Kyle B. Dickerson, Dan A. Ventura
Music Recommendation And Query-By-Content Using Self-Organizing Maps, Kyle B. Dickerson, Dan A. Ventura
Faculty Publications
The ever-increasing density of computer storage devices has allowed the average user to store enormous quantities of multimedia content, and a large amount of this content is usually music. Current search techniques for musical content rely on meta-data tags which describe artist, album, year, genre, etc. Query-by-content systems allow users to search based upon the acoustical content of the songs. Recent systems have mainly depended upon textual representations of the queries and targets in order to apply common string-matching algorithms. However, these methods lose much of the information content of the song and limit the ways in which a user …