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Articles 1 - 30 of 469
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Memetic Memory As Vital Conduits Of Troublemakers In Digital Culture, Alexander O. Smith, Jordan Loewen-Colón
Memetic Memory As Vital Conduits Of Troublemakers In Digital Culture, Alexander O. Smith, Jordan Loewen-Colón
School of Information Studies - Post-doc and Student Scholarship
Recent fears of data capitalism and colonialism often argue using implicit assumptions about cybernetic technology’s ability to automate data about culture. As such, the level of data granularity made possible by cybernetic engineering can be used to dominate society and culture. Here we unpack these implicit assumptions about the datafication of culture through memes, which both act as cultural data and cultural memory. Using Alexander Galloway’s critical method of protocological analysis and descriptions of media tactics, we respond to fears of cybernetic domination. Protocols – the source by which cybernetic technologies enable automated datafication – enables us to respond to …
Assessing Topical Homogeneity With Word Embedding And Distance Matrices, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Yisi Sang
Assessing Topical Homogeneity With Word Embedding And Distance Matrices, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Yisi Sang
School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship
Researchers from many fields have used statistical tools to make sense of large bodies of text. Many tools support quantitative analysis of documents within a corpus, but relatively few studies have examined statistical characteristics of whole corpora. Statistical summaries of whole corpora and comparisons between corpora have potential application in the analysis of topically organized applications such social media platforms. In this study, we created matrix representations of several corpora and examined several statistical tests to make comparisons between pairs of corpora with respect to the topical homogeneity of documents within each corpus. Results of three experiments suggested that a …
Virtual Reality: A Tool Used To Engage Youth In The Voting Process In Newly Democratic Tunisia, Raed Ghanja
Virtual Reality: A Tool Used To Engage Youth In The Voting Process In Newly Democratic Tunisia, Raed Ghanja
International Programs
Tunisia is facing a hard time with its transition to democracy partly due to the reluctance on the part of young people to participate in elections. This poster discusses why the Tunisian government must engage youth and encourage their participation in the election process by using fun simulations of this process in Virtual Reality.
Iot-Enabled Eldercare Technology, Watchanan Chantapakul
Iot-Enabled Eldercare Technology, Watchanan Chantapakul
International Programs
The world’s population is changing as people are growing older. Leveraging technology for eldercare is important in this century. It can enable many eldercare applications effectively.
Hail Detection Using Dual Polarization Weather Radar, Alfonso Ladino Rincon
Hail Detection Using Dual Polarization Weather Radar, Alfonso Ladino Rincon
International Programs
This poster highlights how active remote sensors such as weather radar are completely useful for hail detection given its feature and the information they produce. Hail detection is already well studied by the atmospheric scientific community and dual polarimetric variables values for hail signature are presented according to those advances. Then, a supervised classification technique is showed to illustrated how machine learning can be integrated to radar information for automatic hail detection. However, this fuzzy logic algorithm has the capability to distinguish between meteorological and non-meteorological echoes. This automatic information might help forecasters from National Weather Services – NWS to …
Liboblivious: A C++ Library For Oblivious Data Structures And Algorithms, Scott D. Constable, Steve Chapin
Liboblivious: A C++ Library For Oblivious Data Structures And Algorithms, Scott D. Constable, Steve Chapin
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is an enormously beneficial model for centralized data computation and storage. Yet, existing network-layer and hardware-layer security protections do not address a broad category of vulnerabilities known as side-channel attacks. Over the past several years, numerous techniques have been proposed at all layers of the software/hardware stack to prevent the inadvertent leakage of sensitive data. This report discusses a new technique which integrates seamlessly with C++ programs. We introduce a library, libOblivious, which provides thin wrappers around existing C++ standard template library classes, endowing them with the property of memory-trace obliviousness.
How We Done It Good: Research Through Design As A Legitimate Methodology For Librarianship, Rachel Ivy Clarke
How We Done It Good: Research Through Design As A Legitimate Methodology For Librarianship, Rachel Ivy Clarke
School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship
“How we done it good” publications—a genre concerning project-based approaches that describe how (and sometimes why) something was done—are often rebuked in the library research community for lacking traditional scientific validity, reliability, and generalizability. While scientific methodologies may be a common approach to research and inquiry, they are not the only methodological paradigms. This research posits that the “how we done it good” paradigm in librarianship reflects a valid and legitimate approach to research. By drawing on the concept of research through design, this study shows how these “how we done it good” projects reflect design methodologies which draw …
Formal Verification Of A Modern Boot Loader, Scott D. Constable, Rob Sutton, Arash Sahebolamri, Steve Chapin
Formal Verification Of A Modern Boot Loader, Scott D. Constable, Rob Sutton, Arash Sahebolamri, Steve Chapin
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
We introduce the Syracuse Assured Boot Loader Executive (SABLE), a trustworthy secure loader. A trusted boot loader performs a cryptographic measurement (hash) of program code and executes it unconditionally, allowing later-stage software to verify the integrity of the system through local or remote attestation. A secure loader differs from a trusted loader in that it executes subsequent code only if measurements of that code match known-good values. We have applied a rigorous formal verification technique recently demonstrated in practice by NICTA in their verification of the seL4 microkernel. We summarize our design philosophy from a high level and present our …
A Formally Verified Heap Allocator, Arash Sahebolamri, Scott D. Constable, Steve J. Chapin
A Formally Verified Heap Allocator, Arash Sahebolamri, Scott D. Constable, Steve J. Chapin
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
We present the formal verification of a heap allocator written in C. We use the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant to formally verify the correctness of the heap allocator at the source code level. The C source code of the heap allocator is imported into Isabelle/HOL using CParser and AutoCorres. In addition to providing the guarantee that the heap allocator is free of bugs and therefore is suitable for use in security critical projects, our work facilitates verification of other projects written in C that utilize Isabelle and AutoCorres.
A Conceptual Model For Video Games And Interactive Media, Rachel I. Clarke, Jacob Jett, Simone Sacchi, Jin Ha Lee
A Conceptual Model For Video Games And Interactive Media, Rachel I. Clarke, Jacob Jett, Simone Sacchi, Jin Ha Lee
School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship
In this paper, we describe a conceptual model for video games and interactive media. Existing conceptual models such as the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) are not adequate to represent the unique descriptive attributes, levels of variance, and relationships among video games. Previous video game-specific models tend to focus on the development of video games and their technical aspects. Our model instead attempts to reflect how users such as game players, collectors, and scholars understand video games and the relationships among them. We specifically consider use cases of gamers, with future intentions of using this conceptual model as a …
Pinpoint: Efficient And Effective Resource Isolation For Mobile Security And Privacy, Paul Ratazzi, Ashok Bommisetti, Nian Ji, Wenliang Du
Pinpoint: Efficient And Effective Resource Isolation For Mobile Security And Privacy, Paul Ratazzi, Ashok Bommisetti, Nian Ji, Wenliang Du
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
Virtualization is frequently used to isolate untrusted processes and control their access to sensitive resources. However, isolation usually carries a price in terms of less resource sharing and reduced inter-process communication. In an open architecture such as Android, this price and its impact on performance, usability, and transparency must be carefully considered. Although previous efforts in developing general-purpose isolation solutions have shown that some of these negative sideeffects can be mitigated, doing so involves overcoming significant design challenges by incorporating numerous additional platform complexities not directly related to improved security. Thus, the general purpose solutions become inefficient and burdensome if …
A Systematic Security Evaluation Of Android’S Multi-User Framework, Edward Paul Ratazzi, Yousra Aafer, Amit Ahlawat, Hao Hao, Yifei Wang, Wenliang Du
A Systematic Security Evaluation Of Android’S Multi-User Framework, Edward Paul Ratazzi, Yousra Aafer, Amit Ahlawat, Hao Hao, Yifei Wang, Wenliang Du
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
Like many desktop operating systems in the 1990s, Android is now in the process of including support for multiuser scenarios. Because these scenarios introduce new threats to the system, we should have an understanding of how well the system design addresses them. Since the security implications of multi-user support are truly pervasive, we developed a systematic approach to studying the system and identifying problems. Unlike other approaches that focus on specific attacks or threat models, ours systematically identifies critical places where access controls are not present or do not properly identify the subject and object of a decision. Finding these …
Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor
Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
The paper describes a distributed spectral-screening PCT algorithm for fusing hyper-spectral images in remote sensing applications. The algorithm provides intrusion tolerance from information warfare attacks using the notion of computational resiliency. This concept uses replication to achieve fault tolerance, but goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an attack or failure. The concepts of resiliency are incorporated through library technology that is application independent. This library hides the details of communication protocols required to achieve dynamic replication and reconfiguration in distributed applications. The paper provides a status report on our progress in developing the concept and applying it …
A Concurrent Spectral-Screening Pct Algorithm For Remote Sensing Applications, Tiranee Achalakul, Stephen Taylor
A Concurrent Spectral-Screening Pct Algorithm For Remote Sensing Applications, Tiranee Achalakul, Stephen Taylor
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
The paper presents a concurrent algorithm for remote sensing applications that provides significant performance and image quality enhancements over conventional uniprocessor PCT techniques. The algorithm combines spectral angle classification, principal component transform, and human centered color mapping. It is evaluated from an image quality perspective using images collected with the Hyper-spectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) sensor, an airborne imaging spectrometer. These images correspond to foliated scenes taken from an altitude of 2000 to 7500 meters at wavelengths between 400nm and 2.5 micron. The scenes contain mechanized vehicles sitting in open fields as well as under camouflage. The algorithm operates …
Mathweb: A Concurrent Image Analysis Tool Suite For Multi-Spectral Data Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Peter D. Haaland, Stephen Taylor
Mathweb: A Concurrent Image Analysis Tool Suite For Multi-Spectral Data Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Peter D. Haaland, Stephen Taylor
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
This paper describes a preliminary approach to the fusion of multi-spectral image data for the analysis of cervical cancer. The long-term goal of this research is to define spectral signatures and automatically detect cancer cell structures. The approach combines a multi-spectral microscope with an image analysis tool suite, MathWeb. The tool suite incorporates a concurrent Principal Component Transform (PCT) that is used to fuse the multi-spectral data. This paper describes the general approach and the concurrent PCT algorithm. The algorithm is evaluated from both the perspective of image quality and performance scalability.
Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor
Resilient Image Fusion, Tiranee Achalakul, Joohan Lee, Stephen Taylor
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - All Scholarship
The paper describes a distributed spectral-screening PCT algorithm for fusing hyper-spectral images in remote sensing applications. The algorithm provides intrusion tolerance from information warfare attacks using the notion of computational resiliency. This concept uses replication to achieve fault tolerance, but goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an attack or failure. The concepts of resiliency are incorporated through library technology that is application independent. This library hides the details of communication protocols required to achieve dynamic replication and reconfiguration in distributed applications. The paper provides a status report on our progress in developing the concept and applying it …
Single Eye Or Camera With Depth Perception, Philipp Kornreich, Bart Farell
Single Eye Or Camera With Depth Perception, Philipp Kornreich, Bart Farell
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
An imager that can measure the distance from each pixel to the point on the object that is in focus at the pixel is described here. This is accomplished by the use of short lightguide sections combined with each pixel light sensor. In the eye the rods and cones are the fiber like lightguide sections. The lens selects the object point who’s range is to be determined at the particular pixel. The lens reproduces the light pattern of the object point at the image point with the addition of a phase proportional to the distance from object point to image …
Identifying And Analyzing Pointer Misuses For Sophisticated Memory-Corruption Exploit Diagnosis, Mingwei Zhang, Aravind Prakash, Xiaolei Li, Zhenkai Liang, Heng Yin
Identifying And Analyzing Pointer Misuses For Sophisticated Memory-Corruption Exploit Diagnosis, Mingwei Zhang, Aravind Prakash, Xiaolei Li, Zhenkai Liang, Heng Yin
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Software exploits are one of the major threats to internet security. To quickly respond to these attacks, it is critical to automatically diagnose such exploits and find out how they circumvent existing defense mechanisms.
Outlier Detection Using Modified-Ranks And Other Variants, Huaming Huang, Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan
Outlier Detection Using Modified-Ranks And Other Variants, Huaming Huang, Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Rank based algorithms provide a promising approach for outlier detection, but currently used rank-based measures of outlier detection suffer from two deficiencies: first they take a large value from an object whose density is high even though the object may not be an outlier and second the distance between the object and its nearest cluster plays a mild role though its rank with respect to its neighbor. To correct for these deficiencies we introduce the concept of modified-rank and propose new algorithms for outlier detection based on this concept.
A New Cohesion Metric And Restructuring Technique For Object Oriented Paradigm, Mehmet Kaya, Jim Fawcett
A New Cohesion Metric And Restructuring Technique For Object Oriented Paradigm, Mehmet Kaya, Jim Fawcett
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
When software systems grow large during maintenance, they may lose their quality and become complex to read, understood and maintained. Developing a software system usually requires teams of developers working in concert to provide a finished product in a reasonable amount of time. What that means is many people may read each component of the software system such as a class in object oriented programming environment.
Exploring Non-Typical Memcache Architectures For Decreased Latency And Distributed Network Usage., Paul G. Talaga, Steve J. Chapin
Exploring Non-Typical Memcache Architectures For Decreased Latency And Distributed Network Usage., Paul G. Talaga, Steve J. Chapin
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Memcache is a distributed in-memory data store designed to reduce database load for web applications by caching frequently used data across multiple machines. While memcache already offers excellent performance, we explore how data-locality can increase performance under certain environments and workloads.
Scuta: A Server-Side Access Control System For Web Applications, Xi Tan, Wenliang Du, Tongbo Luo, Karthick Jayaraman
Scuta: A Server-Side Access Control System For Web Applications, Xi Tan, Wenliang Du, Tongbo Luo, Karthick Jayaraman
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
The Web is playing a very important role in our lives, and is becoming an essential element of the computing infrastructure. Unfortunately, its importance makes it the preferred target of attacks. Web-based vulnerabilities now outnumber traditional computer security concerns. A recent study shows that over 80 percent of web sites have had at least one serious vulnerability. We believe that the Web’s problems, to a large degree, are caused by the inadequacy of its underlying access control systems. To reduce the number of vulnerabilities, it is essential to provide web applications with better access control models that can adequately address …
Electromagnetic-Thermal Analysis Study Based On Hfss-Ansys Link, Mahmoud El Sabbagh
Electromagnetic-Thermal Analysis Study Based On Hfss-Ansys Link, Mahmoud El Sabbagh
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
In this work, rigorous thermal analysis is done for the first time based on the link between Ansoft HFSS and ANSYS. High-frequency results obtained from HFSS including surface loss density and volume loss density are imported into ANSYS. The thermal analysis run into ANSYS incorporates accurately the non-uniform power distribution in the microwave structure and hence predicts very well the thermal map for high-power applications. Experimental results confirm the developed approach.
Wyner’S Common Information For Continuous Random Variables - A Lossy Source Coding Interpretation, Ge Xu, Wei Liu, Biao Chen
Wyner’S Common Information For Continuous Random Variables - A Lossy Source Coding Interpretation, Ge Xu, Wei Liu, Biao Chen
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Wyner’s common information can be easily generalized for continuous random variables. We provide an operational meaning for such generalization using the Gray-Wyner network with lossy source coding. Specifically, a Gray-Wyner network consists of one encoder and two decoders. A sequence of independent copies of a pair of random variables (X, Y ) ~ p(x, y) is encoded into three messages, one of them is a common input to both decoders. The two decoders attempt to reconstruct the two sequences respectively subject to individual distortion constraints. We show that Wyner’s common information equals the smallest common message rate when the total …
The Common Information For N Dependent Random Variables, Wei Liu, Ge Xu
The Common Information For N Dependent Random Variables, Wei Liu, Ge Xu
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
This paper generalizes Wyner’s definition of common information of a pair or random variables to that of N random variables. We prove coding theorems that show the same operational meanings for the common information of two random variables generalize to that of N random variables. As a byproduct of our proof, we show that the Gray-Wyner source coding network can be generalized to N source sequences with N decoders. We also establish a monotone property of Wyner’s common information which is in contrast to other notions of the common information, specifically Shannon’s mutual information and Gács and Körner’s common randomness. …
A Human Visual System-Driven Image Segmentation Algorithm, Renbin Peng, Pramod Varshney
A Human Visual System-Driven Image Segmentation Algorithm, Renbin Peng, Pramod Varshney
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
This paper presents a novel image segmentation algorithm driven by human visual system (HVS) properties. Quality metrics for evaluating the segmentation result, from both region-based and boundary-based perspectives, are integrated into an objective function. The objective function encodes the HVS properties into a Markov random fields (MRF) framework, where the just-noticeable difference (JND) model is employed when calculating the difference between the image contents. Experiments are carried out to compare the performances of three variations of the presented algorithm and several representative segmentation algorithms available in the literature. Results are very encouraging and show that the presented algorithms outperform the …
Rank-Based Outlier Detection, H. Huang, Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan
Rank-Based Outlier Detection, H. Huang, Kishan Mehrotra, Chilukuri K. Mohan
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
We propose a new approach for outlier detection, based on a new ranking measure that focuses on the question of whether a point is “important” for its nearest neighbors; using our notations low cumulative rank implies the point is central. For instance, a point centrally located in a cluster has relatively low cumulative sum of ranks because it is among the nearest neighbors of its own nearest neighbors. But a point at the periphery of a cluster has high cumulative sum of ranks because its nearest neighbors are closer to the points. Use of ranks eliminates the problem of density …
Voice Commands To Control Recording Sessions, J. Marty Goddard
Voice Commands To Control Recording Sessions, J. Marty Goddard
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
In this report, the music recording workflow is described, with support for voice commands. Natural command grammars are proposed, allowing the user to name items, and issue commands on items identified by name. Recognition accuracy is examined within the contexts of single-phrase commands, and of versatile command grammars which enable the referring to items by name.
Performance Limit Of Image Segmentation Algorithms, Renbin Peng, Pramod Varshney
Performance Limit Of Image Segmentation Algorithms, Renbin Peng, Pramod Varshney
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
Image segmentation is a very important step in image analysis, and performance evaluation of segmentation algorithms plays a key role both in developing efficient algorithms and in selecting suitable methods for the given tasks. Although a number of publications have appeared on segmentation methodology and segmentation performance evaluation, little attention has been given to statistically bounding the performance of image segmentation algorithms. In this paper, a modified Cramér–Rao bound combined with the Affine bias model is employed to determine the performance limit of image segmentation algorithms. A fuzzy segmentation formulation is considered, of which hard segmentation is a special case. …
Polarity-Coincidence-Array Based Spectrum Sensing For Multiple Antenna Cognitive Radios In The Presence Of Non-Gaussian Noise, Thakshila Wimalajeewa, Pramod Varshney
Polarity-Coincidence-Array Based Spectrum Sensing For Multiple Antenna Cognitive Radios In The Presence Of Non-Gaussian Noise, Thakshila Wimalajeewa, Pramod Varshney
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science - Technical Reports
One of the main requirements of the cognitive radio (CR) systems is the ability to perform spectrum sensing in a reliable manner in challenging environments that arise due to propagation channels which undergo multipath fading and non-Gaussian noise. While most existing literature on spectrum sensing has focused on impairments introduced by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), this assumption fails to model the behavior of certain types of noise in practice. In this paper, the use of a non-parametric and easily implementable detection device, namely polarity-coincidence-array (PCA) detector, is proposed for the detection of weak primary signals with a cognitive radio …