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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
When Disclosure Is Involuntary: Empowering Users With Control To Reduce Concerns, David W. Wilson, Ryan M. Schuetzler, Bradley Dorn, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot
When Disclosure Is Involuntary: Empowering Users With Control To Reduce Concerns, David W. Wilson, Ryan M. Schuetzler, Bradley Dorn, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot
Ryan Schuetzler
Modern organizations must carefully balance the practice of gathering large amounts of valuable data from individuals with the associated ethical considerations and potential negative public image inherent in breaches of privacy. As it becomes increasingly commonplace for many types of information to be collected without individuals' knowledge or consent, managers and researchers alike can benefit from understanding how individuals react to such involuntary disclosures, and how these reactions can impact evaluations of the data-collecting organizations. This research develops and empirically tests a theoretical model that shows how empowering individuals with a sense of control over their personal information can help …
Patient Preferences For Authentication And Security: A Comparison Study Of Younger And Older Patients, Ann Fruhling, Devika Ramachandran, Tamara Bernard, Ryan Schuetzler, John R. Windle
Patient Preferences For Authentication And Security: A Comparison Study Of Younger And Older Patients, Ann Fruhling, Devika Ramachandran, Tamara Bernard, Ryan Schuetzler, John R. Windle
Ryan Schuetzler
We examine authentication and security preferences of younger versus older patients in the healthcare domain. Previous research has investigated users' perception of the acceptability of various forms of authentication in nonhealthcare domains, but not patients’ preferences. First, we developed an interactive prototype to test three authentication methods: passwords, pattern, and voice. Our results indicate that younger patients prefer passwords by a significant margin. Older patients indicated more mixed preferences. In addition, we evaluated the level of security patients desired for protection of health information compared to financial information. We found no difference based on age: both groups felt financial security …
Tactful Inattention: Erving Goffman, Privacy In The Digital Age, And The Virtue Of Averting One's Eyes, Elizabeth De Armond
Tactful Inattention: Erving Goffman, Privacy In The Digital Age, And The Virtue Of Averting One's Eyes, Elizabeth De Armond
Elizabeth De Armond
No abstract provided.
Ispy: Threats To Individual And Institutional Privacy In The Digital World, Lori Andrews
Ispy: Threats To Individual And Institutional Privacy In The Digital World, Lori Andrews
Lori B. Andrews
Introduction, Tracy Mitrano
Chapter Five: The San Bernardino Iphone Case, Tracy Mitrano
Chapter Five: The San Bernardino Iphone Case, Tracy Mitrano
Tracy Mitrano
Chapter Two: Privacy, Tracy Mitrano
Chapter Two: Privacy, Tracy Mitrano
Tracy Mitrano
Human-Robot Versus Human-Human Relationship Impact On Comfort Levels Regarding In Home Privacy, Keith R. Macarthur, Thomas G. Macgillivray, Eva L. Parkhurst, Peter A. Hancock
Human-Robot Versus Human-Human Relationship Impact On Comfort Levels Regarding In Home Privacy, Keith R. Macarthur, Thomas G. Macgillivray, Eva L. Parkhurst, Peter A. Hancock
Keith Reid MacArthur
A Field Trial Of Privacy Nudges For Facebook, Yang Wang, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Alain Forget, Norman Sadeh
A Field Trial Of Privacy Nudges For Facebook, Yang Wang, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Alain Forget, Norman Sadeh
Lorrie F Cranor
Anecdotal evidence and scholarly research have shown that Internet users may regret some of their online disclosures. To help individuals avoid such regrets, we designed two modifications to the Facebook web interface that nudge users to consider the content and audience of their online disclosures more carefully. We implemented and evaluated these two nudges in a 6-week field trial with 28 Facebook users. We analyzed participants' interactions with the nudges, the content of their posts, and opinions collected through surveys. We found that reminders about the audience of posts can prevent unintended disclosures without major burden; however, introducing a time …
An Approach To Identity Management In Clouds Without Trusted Third Parties, Akram Y. Sarhan, Leszek T. Lilien
An Approach To Identity Management In Clouds Without Trusted Third Parties, Akram Y. Sarhan, Leszek T. Lilien
Akram YM Sarhan
The management of sensitive data, including identity management (IDM), is an important problem in cloud computing, fundamental for authentication and fine-grained service access control. Our goal is creating an efficient and robust IDM solution that addresses critical issues in cloud computing. The proposed IDM scheme does not rely on trusted third parties (TTPs) or trusted dealers. The scheme is a multiparty interactive solution that combines RSA distributed key generation and attribute-based encryption. We believe that it will be a robust IDM privacy-preserving solution in cloud computing, because it has the following features: (i) protects sensitive data on untrusted hosts using …
Challenges For Mapreduce In Big Data, Katarina Grolinger, Michael Hayes, Wilson Higashino, Alexandra L'Heureux, David Allison, Miriam Capretz
Challenges For Mapreduce In Big Data, Katarina Grolinger, Michael Hayes, Wilson Higashino, Alexandra L'Heureux, David Allison, Miriam Capretz
Wilson A Higashino
In the Big Data community, MapReduce has been seen as one of the key enabling approaches for meeting continuously increasing demands on computing resources imposed by massive data sets. The reason for this is the high scalability of the MapReduce paradigm which allows for massively parallel and distributed execution over a large number of computing nodes. This paper identifies MapReduce issues and challenges in handling Big Data with the objective of providing an overview of the field, facilitating better planning and management of Big Data projects, and identifying opportunities for future research in this field. The identified challenges are grouped …
Big Data: New Opportunities And New Challenges, Katina Michael, Keith W. Miller
Big Data: New Opportunities And New Challenges, Katina Michael, Keith W. Miller
Keith Miller
We can live with many of the uncertainties of big data for now, with the hope that its benefits will outweigh its harms, but we shouldn't blind ourselves to the possible irreversibility of changes—whether good or bad—to society.
It's no secret that both private enterprise and government seek greater insights into people's behaviors and sentiments. Organizations use various analytical techniques—from crowdsourcing to genetic algorithms to neural networks to sentiment analysis—to study both structured and unstructured forms of data that can aid product and process discovery, productivity, and policy-making. This data is collected from numerous sources including sensor networks, government data …
The Social Implications Of Covert Policing, Simon Bronitt, Clive Harfield, K. Michael
The Social Implications Of Covert Policing, Simon Bronitt, Clive Harfield, K. Michael
Clive Harfield
Police agencies have been accused of suffering from an acute form of technophilia. Rather than representing some dreadful disorder, this assessment reflects the strong imperative, both in police agencies and the wider community, that police must have access to the latest technologies of surveillance and crime detection.
The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of low-cost surveillance technologies, some developed specifically for law enforcement purposes. Technology once the preserve of the military or secret intelligence agencies is now within the reach of ordinary general duties police officers. The new generation of police recruits is highly adept at using new technologies. …
Location And Tracking Of Mobile Devices: Überveillance Stalks The Streets, Katina Michael, Roger Clarke
Location And Tracking Of Mobile Devices: Überveillance Stalks The Streets, Katina Michael, Roger Clarke
Professor Katina Michael
During the last decade, location-tracking and monitoring applications have proliferated, in mobile cellular and wireless data networks, and through self-reporting by applications running in smartphones that are equipped with onboard global positioning system (GPS) chipsets. It is now possible to locate a smartphone-user's location not merely to a cell, but to a small area within it. Innovators have been quick to capitalise on these location-based technologies for commercial purposes, and have gained access to a great deal of sensitive personal data in the process. In addition, law enforcement utilise these technologies, can do so inexpensively and hence can track many …
Towards A Conceptual Model Of User Acceptance Of Location-Based Emergency Services, Anas Aloudat, Katina Michael
Towards A Conceptual Model Of User Acceptance Of Location-Based Emergency Services, Anas Aloudat, Katina Michael
Professor Katina Michael
This paper investigates the introduction of location-based services by government as part of an all-hazards approach to modern emergency management solutions. Its main contribution is in exploring the determinants of an individual’s acceptance or rejection of location services. The authors put forward a conceptual model to better predict why an individual would accept or reject such services, especially with respect to emergencies. While it may be posited by government agencies that individuals would unanimously wish to accept life-saving and life-sustaining location services for their well-being, this view remains untested. The theorised determinants include: visibility of the service solution, perceived service …
Social Implications Of Technology: Past, Present, And Future, Karl D. Stephan, Katina Michael, M.G. Michael, Laura Jacob, Emily Anesta
Social Implications Of Technology: Past, Present, And Future, Karl D. Stephan, Katina Michael, M.G. Michael, Laura Jacob, Emily Anesta
Professor Katina Michael
The social implications of a wide variety of technologies are the subject matter of the IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology (SSIT). This paper reviews the SSIT’s contributions since the Society’s founding in 1982, and surveys the outlook for certain key technologies that may have significant social impacts in the future. Military and security technologies, always of significant interest to SSIT, may become more autonomous with less human intervention, and this may have both good and bad consequences. We examine some current trends such as mobile, wearable, and pervasive computing, and find both dangers and opportunities in these trends. …
Heaven And Hell: Visions For Pervasive Adaptation, Ben Paechter, Jeremy Pitt, Nikola Serbedzijac, Katina Michael, Jennifer Willies, Ingi Helgason
Heaven And Hell: Visions For Pervasive Adaptation, Ben Paechter, Jeremy Pitt, Nikola Serbedzijac, Katina Michael, Jennifer Willies, Ingi Helgason
Professor Katina Michael
With everyday objects becoming increasingly smart and the “info-sphere” being enriched with nanosensors and networked to computationally-enabled devices and services, the way we interact with our environment has changed significantly, and will continue to change rapidly in the next few years. Being user-centric, novel systems will tune their behaviour to individuals, taking into account users’ personal characteristics and preferences. But having a pervasive adaptive environment that understands and supports us “behaving naturally” with all its tempting charm and usability, may also bring latent risks, as we seamlessly give up our privacy (and also personal control) to a pervasive world of …
The Social Implications Of Covert Policing, Simon Bronitt, Clive Harfield, K. Michael
The Social Implications Of Covert Policing, Simon Bronitt, Clive Harfield, K. Michael
Professor Katina Michael
Police agencies have been accused of suffering from an acute form of technophilia. Rather than representing some dreadful disorder, this assessment reflects the strong imperative, both in police agencies and the wider community, that police must have access to the latest technologies of surveillance and crime detection.
The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of low-cost surveillance technologies, some developed specifically for law enforcement purposes. Technology once the preserve of the military or secret intelligence agencies is now within the reach of ordinary general duties police officers. The new generation of police recruits is highly adept at using new technologies. …
K-Anonymity In The Presence Of External Databases, Dimitris Sacharidis, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Dimitris Papadias
K-Anonymity In The Presence Of External Databases, Dimitris Sacharidis, Kyriakos Mouratidis, Dimitris Papadias
Kyriakos MOURATIDIS
The concept of k-anonymity has received considerable attention due to the need of several organizations to release microdata without revealing the identity of individuals. Although all previous k-anonymity techniques assume the existence of a public database (PD) that can be used to breach privacy, none utilizes PD during the anonymization process. Specifically, existing generalization algorithms create anonymous tables using only the microdata table (MT) to be published, independently of the external knowledge available. This omission leads to high information loss. Motivated by this observation we first introduce the concept of k-join-anonymity (KJA), which permits more effective generalization to reduce the …
Social-Technical Issues Facing The Humancentric Rfid Implantee Sub-Culture Through The Eyes Of Amal Graafstra, Amal Graafstra, K. Michael, M.G. Michael
Social-Technical Issues Facing The Humancentric Rfid Implantee Sub-Culture Through The Eyes Of Amal Graafstra, Amal Graafstra, K. Michael, M.G. Michael
M. G. Michael
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and transponders have traditionally been used to identify domesticated animals so that they can be reunited with their owners in the event that they stray. In the late 1990s, industry started to investigate the benefits of using RFID to identifying non-living things throughout the supply chain toward new efficiencies in business operations. Not long after, people began to consider the possibilities of getting RFID tag or transponder implants for themselves. Mr Amal Graafstra of the United States is one of the first, and probably most well-known ‘do it yourselfer’ (DIY) implantees, who enjoys building customized projects …
Überveillance: 24/7 X 365 People Tracking & Monitoring, Mg. Michael, K. Michael
Überveillance: 24/7 X 365 People Tracking & Monitoring, Mg. Michael, K. Michael
M. G. Michael
No abstract provided.
Human Tracking Technology In Mutual Legal Assistance And Police Inter-State Cooperation In International Crimes, Katina Michael, G. L. Rose
Human Tracking Technology In Mutual Legal Assistance And Police Inter-State Cooperation In International Crimes, Katina Michael, G. L. Rose
Professor Katina Michael
The objective of this paper is to explore the role of human tracking technology, primarily the use of global positioning systems (GPS) in locating individuals for the purposes of mutual legal assistance (MLA), and providing location intelligence for use in inter-state police cooperation within the context of transnational crime. GPS allows for the 24/7 continuous real-time tracking of an individual, and is considered manifold more powerful than the traditional visual surveillance often exercised by the police. As the use of GPS for human tracking grows in the law enforcement sector, federal and state laws in many countries are to a …
National Security: The Social Implications Of The Politics Of Transparency, M G. Michael, Katina Michael
National Security: The Social Implications Of The Politics Of Transparency, M G. Michael, Katina Michael
Professor Katina Michael
This special issue of Prometheus is dedicated to the theme of the Social Implications of National Security Measures on Citizens and Business. National security measures can be defined as those technical and non-technical measures that have been initiated as a means to curb breaches in national security, irrespective of whether these might occur by nationals or aliens in or from outside the sovereign state. National security includes such government priorities as maintaining border control, safeguarding against pandemic outbreaks, preventing acts of terror, and even discovering and eliminating identification fraud. Governments worldwide are beginning to implement information and communication security techniques …
Microchip Implants For Humans As Unique Identifiers: A Case Study On Verichip, Katina Michael, M G. Michael, Rodney Ip
Microchip Implants For Humans As Unique Identifiers: A Case Study On Verichip, Katina Michael, M G. Michael, Rodney Ip
Professor Katina Michael
Microchip implants for humans are not new. The installation of pacemakers in humans and a great number of other medical innovations for prosthesis are now considered straightforward procedures. Today we have even realised the potential for microchip implants to be embedded inside the body of humans for the purpose of acting as unique lifetime identifiers (ULI). Tiny radiofrequency identification (RFID) devices are now being utilised to store a unique 16-digit identification number.
Location-Based Services And The Privacy-Security Dichotomy, Katina Michael, L. Perusco, M G. Michael
Location-Based Services And The Privacy-Security Dichotomy, Katina Michael, L. Perusco, M G. Michael
Professor Katina Michael
Location-based services (LBS) rely on knowledge of a user’s location to provide tailored services or information by means of a wireless device. LBS applications have wide-ranging implications for society, particularly in the context of tracking and monitoring groups of individuals such as children, invalids, and parolees. Despite a great deal of attention paid to technical and commercial aspects of LBS technologies, consideration of the legal, ethical, social and technology momentum issues involved has been wanting. This paper examines some of the more pressing issues that are expected to arise from the widespread use of LBS. The outcome of this paper …
The Emerging Ethics Of Humancentric Gps Tracking And Monitoring, Katina Michael, Andrew Mcnamee, M G. Michael
The Emerging Ethics Of Humancentric Gps Tracking And Monitoring, Katina Michael, Andrew Mcnamee, M G. Michael
Professor Katina Michael
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is increasingly being adopted by private and public enterprise to track and monitor humans for location-based services (LBS). Some of these applications include personal locators for children, the elderly or those suffering from Alzheimer’s or memory loss, and the monitoring of parolees for law enforcement, security or personal protection purposes. The continual miniaturization of the GPS chipset means that receivers can take the form of wristwatches, mini mobiles and bracelets, with the ability to pinpoint the longitude and latitude of a subject 24/7/365. This paper employs usability context analyses to draw out the emerging ethical …
Privacy Issues Of Applying Rfid In Retail Industry, Haifei Li, Patrick C.K. Hung, Jia Zhang, David Ahn
Privacy Issues Of Applying Rfid In Retail Industry, Haifei Li, Patrick C.K. Hung, Jia Zhang, David Ahn
Jia Zhang
This case study describes the privacy issues of applying Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in the retail industry. With the dramatic price drop of RFID tags, it is possible that RFID be applied to individual items sold by a retailer. However, the RFID technology poses critical privacy challenges. In this study, we analyze the potential privacy issue of RFID utilization, and we propose a privacy authorization model aiming for precisely defining RFID privacy policies for the retail industry.