Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Optimization Of Over-Summer Snow Storage At Midlatitudes And Low Elevation, Hannah S. Weiss, Paul R. Bierman, Yves Dubief, Scott D. Hamshaw

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Climate change, including warmer winter temperatures, a shortened snowfall season, and more rain-on-snow events, threatens nordic skiing as a sport. In response, oversummer snow storage, attempted primarily using woodchips as a cover material, has been successfully employed as a climate change adaptation strategy by high-elevation and/or high-latitude ski centers in Europe and Canada. Such storage has never been attempted at a site that is both low elevation and midlatitude, and few studies have quantified storage losses repeatedly through the summer. Such data, along with tests of different cover strategies, are prerequisites to optimizing snow storage strategies. Here, we assess the …

Vintage Report 2019: North Willamette Valley, Gregory V. Jones

Linfield University Wine Studies Reports

This report describes the impacts of climate and phenology on vintage for the North Willamette Valley in Oregon in 2019. A relatively mild early winter in 2018 was followed by a cold and wet second half of winter in 2019 and then a wet, but warm, spring. The growing season saw a few mild frosts during late April, but started off warmer than average, moderating through mid-vintage with fewer than average heat spikes. Near-record precipitation amounts during late June and early July brought increased disease pressure to the region. The vintage will be remembered for the early rains in September …

Life In Hampton Roads Survey No. 4: Neighborhood Flooding And Insurance, News @ Odu

News Items

No abstract provided.

Weather And Climate Summary And Forecast: December 2019 Report, Gregory V. Jones

Linfield University Wine Studies Reports

This report provides a summary of the weather and climate forecast for December 2019. It includes forecast information specific to the Pacific Northwest and the western United States, as well as forecast information for other portions of the United States and abroad.

The Northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet During The Early Pleistocene Was Similar To Today, Andrew J. Christ, Paul R. Bierman, Paul C. Knutz, Lee B. Corbett, Julie C. Fosdick, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Owen C. Cowling, Alan J. Hidy, Marc W. Caffee

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

The multi-million year history of the Greenland Ice Sheet remains poorly known. Ice-proximal glacial marine diamict provides a direct but discontinuous record of ice sheet behavior; it is underutilized as a climate archive. Here, we present a novel multiproxy analysis of an Early Pleistocene marine diamict from northwestern Greenland. Low cosmogenic nuclide concentrations indicate minimal near-surface exposure, similar to modern terrestrial sediment. Detrital apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe) ages all predate glaciation by >150 million years, suggesting the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet had, by 1.9 Ma, not yet incised fjords of sufficient depth to excavate grains with young AHe ages. The diamict …

Water Quality Improvements Offset The Climatic Debt For Stream Macroinvertebrates Over Twenty Years, Ian P. Vaughan, Nicholas J. Gotelli

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Many species are accumulating climatic debt as they fail to keep pace with increasing global temperatures. In theory, concomitant decreases in other stressors (e.g. pollution, fragmentation) could offset some warming effects, paying climatic debt with accrued environmental credit. This process may be occurring in many western European rivers. We fit a Markov chain model to ~20,000 macroinvertebrate samples from England and Wales, and demonstrate that despite large temperature increases 1991–2011, macroinvertebrate communities remained close to their predicted equilibrium with environmental conditions. Using a novel analysis of multiple stressors, an accumulated climatic debt of 0.64 (±0.13 standard error) °C of warming …

Sustainablewell-Being Challenge: A Student-Centered Pedagogical Tool Linking Human Well-Being To Ecological Flourishing, Christine Vatovec, Haley Ferrer

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Human behavioral change is necessary if we wish to evolve into a more sustainable human society, but change is hard, especially given that many people equate environmentalism with personal sacrifice. This paper highlights a semester-long assignment in which undergraduate students examined five behaviors that claim to increase happiness with minimal ecological footprints. We used mixed methods to analyze students' self-reported positive and negative affect scores before and after completing each of the five activities, along with descriptions of the carbon footprint of each activity and student self-reflections on whether each challenge promoted "sustainability". Results indicated that students' positive affect increased …

A Case Study Of Stratospheric Ozone Transport To The Northern San Francisco Bay Area And Sacramento Valley During Cabots 2016, Jodie Clark, Sen Chiao

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

The California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS) was a major air quality study that collected ozone measurements aloft between mid-May and mid-August of 2016. Aircraft measurements, ground-based lidar measurements, and balloon-borne ozonesondes collected precise upper-air ozone measurements across the central and Southern California valley. Utilizing daily ozonesonde data from Bodega Bay, California, and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), reanalysis data for 25 July to 14 August 2016, three stratospheric intrusion events are identified over Northern California influencing air masses above Bodega Bay and Sacramento simultaneously. Calculated percent daily changes in afternoon ozonesonde observations indicate increasing …

Umphlett Qci Dec 2019, Natalie A. Umphlett

High Plains Regional Climate Center: Personnel Publications

Highlights for the Basin

Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Soil Moisture Conditions

Agriculture

Energy

Infrastructure

Temperature

Precipitation

Epa Bus Tour Showcases Hampton Roads Region Is A Living Laboratory For Coastal Resilience, News @ Odu

News Items

No abstract provided.

Making Trees Count: Measurement And Reporting Of Agroforestry In Unfccc National Communications Of Non-Annex I Countries, Todd S. Rosenstock, Andreas Wilkes, Courtney Jallo, Nictor Namoi, Medha Bulusu, Marta Suber, Damaris Mboi, Rachmat Mulia, Elisabeth Simelton, Meryl Richards, Noel Gurwick, Eva Wollenberg

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Agroforestry—the integration of trees with crops and livestock—generates many benefits directly relevant to the UNFCCC's Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture, including: (i) building resilience, (ii) increasing soil carbon and improving soil health, (iii) providing fodder and shade for sustainable livestock production and (iv) diversifying human diets and economic opportunities. Despite its significance to the climate agenda, agroforestry may not be included in measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems under the UNFCCC. Here we report on a first appraisal of how agroforestry is treated in national MRV systems under the UNFCCC. We examined national communications (NCs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) …

Soil Aggregates As A Source Of Dissolved Organic Carbon To Streams: An Experimental Study On The Effect Of Solution Chemistry On Water Extractable Carbon, Malayika M. Cincotta, Julia N. Perdrial, Aaron Shavitz, Arianna Libenson, Maxwell Landsman-Gerjoi, Nicolas Perdrial, Jesse Armfield, Thomas Adler, James B. Shanley

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Over the past two decades, headwater streams of the northern hemisphere have shown increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coinciding with decreased acid deposition. The exact nature of the mechanistic link between precipitation composition and stream water DOC is still widely debated in the literature. We hypothesize that soil aggregates are the main source of stream water DOC and that DOC release is greater in organic rich, riparian soils vs. hillslope soils. To test these hypotheses, we collected soils from two main landscape positions (hillslope and riparian zones) from the acid-impacted Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont. We …

Weather And Climate Summary And Forecast: November 2019 Report, Gregory V. Jones

Linfield University Wine Studies Reports

This report provides a summary of the weather and climate forecast for November 2019. It includes forecast information specific to the Pacific Northwest and the western United States, as well as forecast information for other portions of the United States and abroad.

Designing A Global Mechanism For Intergovernmental Biodiversity Financing, Nils Droste, Joshua Farley, Irene Ring, Peter H. May, Taylor H. Ricketts

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol display a broad international consensus for biodiversity conservation and equitable benefit sharing. Yet, the Aichi biodiversity targets show a lack of progress and thus indicate a need for additional action such as enhanced and better targeted financial resource mobilization. To date, no global financial burden-sharing instrument has been proposed. Developing a global-scale financial mechanism to support biodiversity conservation through intergovernmental transfers, we simulate three allocation designs: ecocentric, socioecological, and anthropocentric. We analyze the corresponding incentives needed to reach the Aichi target of terrestrial protected area coverage by 2020. Here we show …

Urban-Rural Surface Temperature Deviation And Intra-Urban Variations Contained By An Urban Growth Boundary, Kevan B. Moffett, Yasuyo Makido, Vivek Shandas

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Publications and Presentations

The urban heat island (UHI) concept describes heat trapping that elevates urban temperatures relative to rural temperatures, at least in temperate/humid regions. In drylands, urban irrigation can instead produce an urban cool island (UCI) effect. However, the UHI/UCI characterization suffers from uncertainty in choosing representative urban/rural endmembers, an artificial dichotomy between UHIs and UCIs, and lack of consistent terminology for other patterns of thermal variation at nested scales. We use the case of a historically well-enforced urban growth boundary (UGB) around Portland (Oregon, USA): to explore the representativeness of the surface temperature UHI (SUHI) as derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging …

Odu Researchers' Flood Adaptation Study Honored At International Conference, News @ Odu

News Items

No abstract provided.

Community Outreach For The Virginia Beach Comprehensive Flooding Response Plan (Sea-Level Wise), Michelle Covi, Wie Yusuf, Gail Nicula, Daniel Richards, Afi Anuar

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

[From Introduction]

In partnership with the City of Virginia Beach, the Old Dominion University research team of Drs. Michelle Covi, Wie Yusuf, Gail Nicula, Daniel Richards and Afi Anuar developed and executed a program for public engagement meetings using the ASERT (Action-oriented Stakeholder Engagement for a Resilient Tomorrow) framework to solicit resident engagement with and input into the City’s Comprehensive Sea Level Rise and Recurrent Flooding Response Plan, now known as Sea Level Wise.

Odu's Blue Line Project To Illustrate The Future Of Flooding In Norfolk, News @ Odu

News Items

No abstract provided.

Payment For Ecosystem Services: Incentives To Support Environmental Quality & Farming In Vermont, Stephen Posner, Taylor Ricketts, Eric Roy

Reports and Policy Briefs

Environmental quality is an ongoing concern in the Lake Champlain Basin. Vermont farmers are in a unique position to manage land in a way that maintains and improves environmental quality. A payment for ecosystem services (PES) program for Vermont would both support the economic vi- ability of Vermont farms and incentivize farmers to improve water quality and soil health. How- ever, conceptual and practical implementation challenges remain.

Disaster Resilience = Recreational Opportunities, Kimley- Horn

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Incorporating Resiliency Into Jlus: The Monmouth County- Nws Earle Partnership Experience, Linda J. Brennen

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Resilient Hampton, David Imburgia, Lucy Stoll

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Living With Water: Creating Opportunities To Advance Resilience In New Orleans, Bernadette Callahan

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

2018/2019 Rise Coastal Community Resilience Challenges, Paul A. Robinson

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Promoting Resilience Through Military-Locality Coordination, Benjamin J. Mcfarlane

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Resilience: Insights From Florida, Hannah Torres

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Measuring Resiliency: It's More Than Just Math, Lynette Cardoch

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

The Raft: Resilience Adaptation Feasibility Tool, Rhiannon Bezore

October 11, 2019: Measuring and Evaluating Resilience

No abstract provided.

Asynchronous Nitrogen Supply And Demand Produce Nonlinear Plant Allocation Responses To Warming And Elevated Co2, Genevieve L. Noyce, Matthew L. Kirwan, Roy L. Rich, J. Patrick Megonigal

VIMS Articles

Terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change are mediated by complex plant–soil feedbacks that are poorly understood, but often driven by the balance of nutrient supply and demand. We actively increased aboveground plant-surface temperature, belowground soil temperature, and atmospheric CO₂ in a brackish marsh and found nonlinear and nonadditive feedbacks in plant responses. Changes in root-to-shoot allocation by sedges were nonlinear, with peak belowground allocation occurring at +1.7 °C in both years. Above 1.7 °C, allocation to root versus shoot production decreased with increasing warming such that there were no differences in root biomass between ambient and +5.1 °C plots …

Aerosol Particle And Black Carbon Emission Factors Of Vehicular Fleet In Manila, Philippines, Leizel Madueño, Simonas Kecorius, Wolfram Birmili, Thomas Müller, James Bernard Simpas, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Mylene Cayetano, Alfred Wiedensohler

Physics Faculty Publications

Poor air quality has been identified as one of the main risks to human health, especially in developing regions, where the information on physical chemical properties of air pollutants is lacking. To bridge this gap, we conducted an intensive measurement campaign in Manila, Philippines to determine the emission factors (EFs) of particle number (PN) and equivalent black carbon (BC). The focus was on public utility jeepneys (PUJ), equipped with old technology diesel engines, widely used for public transportation. The EFs were determined by aerosol physical measurements, fleet information, and modeled dilution using the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM). The results …